Border Security And Deterring Illegal Entry Into The United States

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Border Security And Deterring Illegal Entry Into The United States

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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997

Border Security And Deterring Illegal Entry Into The United States written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with History categories.

Border Security

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Author : Congressional Research Congressional Research Service
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2014-12-31

Border Security written by Congressional Research Congressional Research Service and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-31 with categories.

Border enforcement is a core element of the Department of Homeland Security's effort to control unauthorized migration, with the U.S. Border Patrol (USBP) within the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) as the lead agency along most of the border. Border enforcement has been an ongoing subject of congressional interest since the 1970s, when illegal immigration to the United States first registered as a serious national problem; and border security has received additional attention in the years since the terrorist attacks of 2001. Since the 1990s, migration control at the border has been guided by a strategy of "prevention through deterrence"-the idea that the concentration of personnel, infrastructure, and surveillance technology along heavily trafficked regions of the border will discourage unauthorized aliens from attempting to enter the United States. Since 2005, CBP has attempted to discourage repeat illegal migrant entries and disrupt migrant smuggling networks by imposing tougher penalties against certain unauthorized aliens, a set of policies eventually described as "enforcement with consequences." Most people apprehended at the Southwest border are now subject to "high consequence" enforcement outcomes. Across a variety of indicators, the United States has substantially expanded border enforcement resources over the last three decades. Particularly since 2001, such increases include border security appropriations, personnel, fencing and infrastructure, and surveillance technology. In addition to increased resources, the USBP has implemented several strategies over the past several decades in an attempt to thwart illegal migration. Recently, the Obama Administration announced executive actions to "fix" the immigration system. These actions address numerous issues, including a revised security plan at the southern border. The Border Patrol collects data on several different border enforcement outcomes; and this report describes trends in border apprehensions, recidivism, and estimated got aways and turn backs. Yet none of these existing data are designed to measure illegal border flows or the degree to which the border is secured. Thus, the report also describes methods for estimating illegal border flows based on enforcement data and migrant surveys. Drawing on multiple data sources, the report suggests conclusions about the state of border security. Robust investments at the border were not associated with reduced illegal inflows during the 1980s and 1990s, but a range of evidence suggests a substantial drop in illegal inflows in 2007-2011, followed by a slight rise in 2012 and a more dramatic rise in 2013. Enforcement, along with the economic downturn in the United States, likely contributed to the drop in unauthorized migration, though the precise share of the decline attributable to enforcement is unknown. Enhanced border enforcement also may have contributed to a number of secondary costs and benefits. To the extent that border enforcement successfully deters illegal entries, such enforcement may reduce border-area violence and migrant deaths, protect fragile border ecosystems, and improve the quality of life in border communities. But to the extent that aliens are not deterred, the concentration of enforcement resources on the border may increase border area violence and migrant deaths, encourage unauthorized migrants to find new ways to enter illegally and to remain in the United States for longer periods of time, damage border ecosystems, harm border-area businesses and the quality of life in border communities, and strain U.S. relations with Mexico and Canada.

Border Security

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Author : Marc R. Rosenblum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Border Security written by Marc R. Rosenblum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Border security categories.

Border enforcement is a core element of the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS's) effort to control illegal migration, with the U.S. Border Patrol (USBP) within the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (CBP) as the lead agency along most of the border. Border enforcement has been an ongoing subject of congressional interest since the 1970s, when illegal immigration to the United States first registered as a serious national problem; and border security has received additional attention in the decade following the terrorist attacks of 2001. Since the 1990s, migration control at the border has been guided by a strategy of "prevention through deterrence"--The idea that the concentration of personnel, infrastructure, and surveillance technology along heavily trafficked regions of the border will discourage unauthorized aliens from attempting to enter the United States. Since 2005, CBP has attempted to discourage repeat entries and disrupt migrant smuggling networks by imposing tougher penalties against certain unauthorized aliens, a set of policies known as "enforcement with consequences." On one hand, robust investments at the border have been associated with a sharp drop in the number of aliens apprehended, especially in the sectors first targeted for enhanced enforcement. The number and proportion of people apprehended more than once (recidivists) and those with serious criminal records are also at the lowest levels ever recorded. On the other hand, overall illegal inflows continued to increase in the 20 years after 1986, with the estimated unauthorized population more than tripling, even after almost 3 million aliens were granted amnesty as part of IRCA. The only significant decrease in unauthorized migration appears to have occurred since 2007, and it is unclear how much of the drop-off is due to increased enforcement and how much is a result of the U.S. economic downturn and other systemic factors. At the same time, enhanced border enforcement may have contributed to a number of secondary costs and benefits. To the extent that border enforcement successfully deters illegal entries -- an effect that is also difficult to measure since deterrence ultimately involves decisions made in towns and villages far away from U.S. borders -- such enforcement may reduce border-area violence and migrant deaths, protect fragile border ecosystems, and improve the quality of life in border communities. But to the extent that aliens are not deterred, the concentration of enforcement resources on the border may increase border area violence and migrant deaths, encourage unauthorized migrants to find new ways to enter illegally and to remain in the United States for longer periods of time, damage border ecosystems, harm border-area businesses and the quality of life in border communities, and strain U.S. relations with Mexico and Canada. This report concludes by raising additional questions about future investments at the border, how to weigh such investments against other enforcement strategies, and the relationship between border enforcement and the broader debate about U.S. immigration policy.

Managing Illegal Immigration To The United States

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Author : Bryan Roberts
language : en
Publisher: Council on Foreign Relations
Release Date : 2013-05-01

Managing Illegal Immigration To The United States written by Bryan Roberts and has been published by Council on Foreign Relations this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-01 with Political Science categories.

The authors examine U.S. efforts to prevent illegal immigration to the United States. Although the United States has witnessed a sharp drop in illegal border crossings in the past decade alongside an enormous increase in government activities to prevent illegal immigration, there remains little understanding of the role enforcement has played. Better data and analyses to assist lawmakers in crafting more successful policies and to support administration officials in implementing these policies are long overdue.

Options For Estimating Illegal Entries At The U S Mexico Border

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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2013-03-01

Options For Estimating Illegal Entries At The U S Mexico Border written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-01 with Social Science categories.

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is responsible for securing and managing the nation's borders. Over the past decade, DHS has dramatically stepped up its enforcement efforts at the U.S.-Mexico border, increasing the number of U.S. Border patrol (USBP) agents, expanding the deployment of technological assets, and implementing a variety of "consequence programs" intended to deter illegal immigration. During this same period, there has also been a sharp decline in the number of unauthorized migrants apprehended at the border. Trends in total apprehensions do not, however, by themselves speak to the effectiveness of DHS's investments in immigration enforcement. In particular, to evaluate whether heightened enforcement efforts have contributed to reducing the flow of undocumented migrants, it is critical to estimate the number of border-crossing attempts during the same period for which apprehensions data are available. With these issues in mind, DHS charged the National Research Council (NRC) with providing guidance on the use of surveys and other methodologies to estimate the number of unauthorized crossings at the U.S.-Mexico border, preferably by geographic region and on a quarterly basis. Options for Estimating Illegal Entries at the U.S.-Mexico Border focuses on Mexican migrants since Mexican nationals account for the vast majority (around 90 percent) of attempted unauthorized border crossings across the U.S.-Mexico border.

Border Security

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Author : Blas Nunez-Neto
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007

Border Security written by Blas Nunez-Neto and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Border security categories.

Measuring Illegal Border Crossing Between Ports Of Entry

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Author : Andrew R. Morral
language : en
Publisher: Rand Corporation
Release Date : 2014-05-20

Measuring Illegal Border Crossing Between Ports Of Entry written by Andrew R. Morral and has been published by Rand Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-20 with Business & Economics categories.

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security is responsible for controlling the flow of goods and people across the U.S. border, but compelling methods for producing estimates of the total flow of illicit goods or border crossings do not yet exist. This paper describes four innovative approaches to estimating the total flow of illicit border crossings between ports of entry. Each approach is sufficiently promising to warrant further attention.

Border Control

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Author : United States. General Accounting Office
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994

Border Control written by United States. General Accounting Office and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Border patrols categories.

Border Security The Role Of The U S Border Patrol

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Author : Chad C. Haddal
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2011-04

Border Security The Role Of The U S Border Patrol written by Chad C. Haddal and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04 with Social Science categories.

Contents: (1) Recent Legislative Developments; (2) Background; (3) Org. and Composition: Evolution of the National Strategic Plan: National Border Patrol Strategy; Budget and Resources; Surveillance Assets (Secure Border Initiative); Automated Biometrics Identification System (IDENT); Apprehensions Statistics; (4) Southwest Border; (5) Northern Border; (6) Border Patrol Issues for Congress: 9/11 Report and the Northern Border; Migrant Deaths; Attacks on Border Patrol Agents; Interior Enforcement; Integration of IDENT/IAFIS Law Enforcement Databases; Deployment of SBInet Technology; Civilian Humanitarian Groups; Staffing and Training Issues; Agent Attrition. Illustrations. This is a print on demand report.

An Analysis Of Migrant Smuggling Costs Along The Southwest Border

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Author : Homeland Security Office of Immigration Statistics
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2014-06-23

An Analysis Of Migrant Smuggling Costs Along The Southwest Border written by Homeland Security Office of Immigration Statistics and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-23 with Political Science categories.

Border enforcement is intended to prevent and deter the illegal movement of goods and people across a country's border. The intensification of border enforcement activities creates impediments to illegal entry that increase the costs incurred by migrants when crossing the border. Increased costs may include additional time investment, physical hardship, and higher fees charged by smugglers who assist migrants across the border. The impact of enforcement on illegal immigration depends on how enforcement affects migration costs and how migration costs affect the decision to migrate. Our goal in this paper is to estimate the impact that enforcement has on the price smugglers charge to bring illegal immigrants across the U.S.-Mexico border. The degree to which migration costs rise in response to intensified enforcement can be termed the cost elasticity with respect to enforcement, and the degree to which the number of potential illegal immigrants falls in response to increased costs can be termed the migration elasticity with respect to cost. One important aspect of migration costs that can be quantified and measured is the fee charged by smugglers of illegal immigrants. Intensified enforcement activities should increase the difficulty and cost to a smuggler for getting clients successfully across the border, and this would be passed on to clients through an increase in the smuggling cost. It is probable that an increased smuggling cost would deter potential illegal immigration, thus creating a level of deterrence. The degree to which border enforcement activities have prevented and deterred the movement of illegal immigrants across the Southwest border of the United States is an issue of public policy importance and has been the subject of considerable debate. It is also a challenging measurement issue with respect to both data availability and statistical methodology. In this study, we estimate the value of the smuggling cost elasticity with respect to enforcement on the Southwest border of the United States using data on the price charged by smugglers to assist illegal immigration, as collected by the United States Border Patrol (USBP) from individuals apprehended at the border, and the level of enforcement activity, as captured by hours spent on enforcement activity by the USBP. Apprehended migrants respond to a series of questions by Border Patrol agents, including whether they were smuggled and how much they paid the smuggler. The data are then reported as part of an administrative apprehension record. Collection of such records began in certain sectors in the early 1990s and was comprehensively implemented in all sectors along the Southwest border by fiscal year 1999. Using data collected along the entire Southwest border on smuggling cost and enforcement hours at the apprehended migrant's crossing location at the monthly frequency, we estimate the smuggling cost elasticity with respect to enforcement.