Bottom Up Structure
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Bottom Up Structure
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Author : Terry M. Moe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Bottom Up Structure written by Terry M. Moe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
In the positive theory of public bureaucracy, the prevailing view is that the structure of public agencies is designed from the top down by political superiors. Faced with bureaucrats who may disagree with them on policy and who are advantaged by private information, superiors choose rules and procedures to try to ensure that agencies do what they are supposed to do. At least some portion of bureaucratic structure, however, cannot be explained in this way. It emerges from the bottom up through collective bargaining, it is driven by the organizational power of ordinary bureaucrats rather than by their information power, and it results in work rules intended to promote their occupational interests rather than to have any specific effects on implementation or policy--although the unintended consequences for the latter may be significant. When this happens, the theory overlooks an aspect of structure that is essential for understanding the way government operates. This paper begins to explore the connections between collective bargaining, bottom-up structure, and bureaucratic behavior. The empirical focus is on the public schools, the bureaucrats are public school teachers, and the analysis shows that a very common type of contract rule--which gives senior teachers transfer rights over jobs--affects the way teachers distribute themselves across schools, and leads to a situation in which disadvantaged schools (those with high percentages of minorities) find it especially difficult to attract quality teachers. What the analysis shows, more generally, is that even very simple types of bottom-up structure can have significant effects on bureaucrats and their agencies--and the current theory needs to recognize as much. (Contains 5 tables and 23 footnotes.).
Organizational Physics The Science Of Growing A Business
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Author : Lex Sisney
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2013-03-01
Organizational Physics The Science Of Growing A Business written by Lex Sisney and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-01 with Business & Economics categories.
There are hidden laws at work in every aspect of your business. Understand them, and you can create extraordinary growth. Ignore them, and you run the risk of becoming another statistic. It's become almost cliche: 8 out of every 10 new ventures fail. Of the ones that succeed, how many truly thrive-for the long run? And of those that thrive, how many continually overcome their growth hurdles ... and ultimately scale, with meaning, purpose, and profitability? The answer, sadly, is not many. Author Lex Sisney is on a mission to change that picture. After more than a decade spent leading and coaching high-growth technology companies, Lex discovered that the companies that thrive do so in accordance with 6 Laws - universal principles that govern the success or failure of every individual, team, and organization.
Dependency And Directionality
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Author : Marcel den Dikken
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2018-07-05
Dependency And Directionality written by Marcel den Dikken and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-05 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
An integrated understanding of structure building, movement and locality couched in a syntactic theory constructing trees from the top down.
The Bottom Up Review
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Author : Les Aspin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
The Bottom Up Review written by Les Aspin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Military planning categories.
Text of Bottom-up review with 41 briefing slides.
Encyclopedia Of The Sciences Of Learning
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Author : Norbert M. Seel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-10-05
Encyclopedia Of The Sciences Of Learning written by Norbert M. Seel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-05 with Education categories.
Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences.
Bottom Up Nanofabrication Self Assemblies I
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Author : Katsuhiko Ariga
language : en
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Release Date : 2009
Bottom Up Nanofabrication Self Assemblies I written by Katsuhiko Ariga and has been published by American Scientific Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Operations Strategy
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Author : Nigel Slack
language : en
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Release Date : 2008
Operations Strategy written by Nigel Slack and has been published by Prentice Hall this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Business & Economics categories.
This book provides a treatment of operations strategy which is clear and well structured, and seeks to apply some of the ideas of operations strategy to a variety of businesses and organisations.
Nanoscale Assembly
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Author : Wilhelm T.S. Huck
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-07-11
Nanoscale Assembly written by Wilhelm T.S. Huck and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-07-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Nanotechnology has received tremendous interest over the last decade, not only from the scientific community but also from a business perspective and from the general public. Although nanotechnology is still at the largely unexplored frontier of science, it has the potential for extremely exciting technological innovations that will have an enormous impact on areas as diverse as information technology, medicine, energy supply and probably many others. The miniturization of devices and structures will impact the speed of devices and information storage capacity. More importantly, though, nanotechnology should lead to completely new functional devices as nanostructures have fundamentally different physical properties that are governed by quantum effects. When nanometer sized features are fabricated in materials that are currently used in electronic, magnetic, and optical applications, quantum behavior will lead to a set of unprecedented properties. The interactions of nanostructures with biological materials are largely unexplored. Future work in this direction should yield enabling technologies that allows the study and direct manipulation of biological processes at the (sub) cellular level.
Introduction To Nanotechnology
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Author : Gilad James, PhD
language : en
Publisher: Gilad James Mystery School
Release Date :
Introduction To Nanotechnology written by Gilad James, PhD and has been published by Gilad James Mystery School this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Nanotechnology is a branch of science and technology that deals with studying and manipulating materials at the nanoscale. It involves the use of nanoscale materials, devices, and systems to create new and innovative technologies for various fields such as medicine, electronics, energy, and materials science. The foundation of nanotechnology lies in the ability to control and manipulate the properties of materials at the atomic and molecular level. The unique properties exhibited by nanoparticles are attributed to their high surface area to volume ratio, which leads to a significant increase in reactivity, chemical activity, and physical properties. Hence, the study and development of nanomaterials have the potential to revolutionize the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. Nanotechnology has a wide range of applications, from the development of more effective and efficient drug delivery systems to the creation of more advanced computational devices, and the possibilities are endless. However, there are also concerns about the potential risks associated with nanomaterials, and extensive research is necessary to ensure their safe use and handling.
Emerging Nanotechnologies In Dentistry
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Author : Karthikeyan Subramani
language : en
Publisher: William Andrew
Release Date : 2011-11-22
Emerging Nanotechnologies In Dentistry written by Karthikeyan Subramani and has been published by William Andrew this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-22 with Medical categories.
Nanotechnology and the future of Dentistry -- Nanoparticles for Dental Materials: Synthesis, analysis and Applications -- Antimicrobial nanoparticles in Restorative Composites -- Nanotechnology in operative dentistry: a perspective approach of history, mechanical behavior and clinical application -- Nanotechnology and dental implants -- Titanium surface modification techniques for dental implants - From microscale to nanoscale -- Titanium nanotubes as carriers of osteogenic growth factors and antibacterial drugs for applications in dental implantology -- Cellular responses to nanoscale surface modifications of titanium implants for dentistry and bone tissue engineering applications -- Corrosion Resistance of Ti6Al4V with Nanostructured TiO2 Coatings -- Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles incorporated GTR membranes -- Fabrication of PEG hydrogel micropatterns by Soft-photolithography and PEG hydrogel as Guided Bone Regeneration membrane in dental implantology -- Na ...