Building Up The Inhibitory Synapse

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Building Up The Inhibitory Synapse

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Author : Enrico Cherubini
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date :

Building Up The Inhibitory Synapse written by Enrico Cherubini and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.

Fast inhibitory transmission exerts a powerful control on neuronal excitability and network oscillations thought to be associated with high cognitive functions. An alteration of inhibitory signaling is associated with major neurological and psychiatric disorders including epilepsy. Once released from presynaptic nerve terminals, GABA and glycine cross the synaptic cleft and bind to postsynaptic receptors localized in precise apposition to presynaptic release sites. The functional organization of inhibitory synapses consists in a dynamic process which relies on a number of highly specialized proteins that ensure the correct targeting, clustering, stabilization and subsequent fate of synaptic receptors. Among the proteins involved in this task, the tubulin-binding protein gephyrin plays a crucial role. Through its self-oligomerization properties, this protein forms hexagonal lattices that trap GABAA and glycine receptors and link them to the cytoskeleton. By directly interacting with cell-adhesion molecules of the neuroligin-neurexin families that connect presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons at synapses, gephyrin ensures a backward control of presynaptic signaling. In addition, changes in clusters size is dynamically regulated by lateral diffusion of neurotransmitter receptors between the synaptic and extrasynaptic compartments and by their interaction with synaptic scaffold proteins. The aim of this Research Topic (research articles and reviews) is to bring together experts on the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the appropriate assembly, location and function of pre and postsynaptic specializations at inhibitory synapses. A particular emphasis will be on the role of receptor trafficking in synaptic stabilization and plasticity.

Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity

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Author : Melanie A. Woodin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-11-02

Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity written by Melanie A. Woodin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-02 with Medical categories.

This volume will explore the most recent findings on cellular mechanisms of inhibitory plasticity and its functional role in shaping neuronal circuits, their rewiring in response to experience, drug addiction and in neuropathology. Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity will be of particular interest to neuroscientists and neurophysiologists.

Excitatory Inhibitory Balance

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Author : Takao K. Hensch
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Excitatory Inhibitory Balance written by Takao K. Hensch and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

A new perspective on brain function depends upon an understanding of the interaction and integration of excitation and inhibition. A recent surge in research activity focused on inhibitory interneurons now makes a more balanced view possible. Technological advances such as improved imaging methods, visualized patch-clamp recording, multiplex single-cell PCR, and gene-targeted deletion or knock-in mice are some of the novel tools featured in this book. This book will provide an integrated view of neuron function, operating in a balanced regime of excitation and inhibition. It is a timely contribution emphasizing how this balance is established, maintained, and modified from the molecular to system levels. The broad spectrum of topics from molecular to cellular and system/computational neuroscience will appeal to a wide audience of advanced graduate students, post-docs, and faculty. Moreover, this book this book features active young researchers from around the world, who are currently educating the brain scientists of tomorrow.

Quantifying And Controlling The Nano Architecture Of Neuronal Synapses

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Author : Xiaobing Chen
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-09-27

Quantifying And Controlling The Nano Architecture Of Neuronal Synapses written by Xiaobing Chen and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-27 with Science categories.

Inhibitory Function In Auditory Processing

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Author : R. Michael Burger
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-10-28

Inhibitory Function In Auditory Processing written by R. Michael Burger and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-28 with Auditory perception categories.

There seems little doubt that from the earliest evolutionary beginnings, inhibition has been a fundamental feature of neuronal circuits - even the simplest life forms sense and interact with their environment, orienting or approaching positive stimuli while avoiding aversive stimuli. This requires internal signals that both drive and suppress behavior. Traditional descriptions of inhibition sometimes limit its role to the suppression of action potential generation. This view fails to capture the vast breadth of inhibitory function now known to exist in neural circuits. A modern perspective on inhibitory signaling comprises a multitude of mechanisms. For example, inhibition can act via a shunting mechanism to speed the membrane time constant and reduce synaptic integration time. It can act via G-protein coupled receptors to initiate second messenger cascades that influence synaptic strength. Inhibition contributes to rhythm generation and can even activate ion channels that mediate inward currents to drive action potential generation. Inhibition also appears to play a role in shaping the properties of neural circuitry over longer time scales. Experience-dependent synaptic plasticity in developing and mature neural circuits underlies behavioral memory and has been intensively studied over the past decade. At excitatory synapses, adjustments of synaptic efficacy are regulated predominantly by changes in the number and function of postsynaptic glutamate receptors. There is, however, increasing evidence for inhibitory modulation of target neuron excitability playing key roles in experience-dependent plasticity. One reason for our limited knowledge about plasticity at inhibitory synapses is that in most circuits, neurons receive convergent inputs from disparate sources. This problem can be overcome by investigating inhibitory circuits in a system with well-defined inhibitory nuclei and projections, each with a known computational function. Compared to other sensory systems, the auditory system has evolved a large number of subthalamic nuclei each devoted to processing distinct features of sound stimuli. This information once extracted is then re-assembled to form the percept the acoustic world around us. The well-understood function of many of these auditory nuclei has enhanced our understanding of inhibition's role in shaping their responses from easily distinguished inhibitory inputs. In particular, neurons devoted to processing the location of sound sources receive a complement of discrete inputs for which in vivo activity and function are well understood. Investigation of these areas has led to significant advances in understanding the development, physiology, and mechanistic underpinnings of inhibition that apply broadly to neuroscience. In this series of papers, we provide an authoritative resource for those interested in exploring the variety of inhibitory circuits and their function in auditory processing. We present original research and focused reviews touching on development, plasticity, anatomy, and evolution of inhibitory circuitry. We hope our readers will find these papers valuable and inspirational to their own research endeavors.

Studies In Physiology

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Author : David R. Curtis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Studies In Physiology written by David R. Curtis and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

This collection of papers is presented to Sir JOHN ECCLES by his former and present collaborators to commemorate the award of the 1963 Nobel Prize in Medicine, which was shared with A. L. HODGKIN and A. F. HUXLEY. Sir JOHN'S interest in, and influence on, the study of physiology, particularly that of the nervous system, is reflected by the range of topics discussed, and by the distri bution of the various authors in laboratories throughout the world. Those who have been privileged to work with him in Oxford, Sydney, Dunedin or Canberra have enjoyed a good discipline in scientific thought, as well as in the use of neurophysiological techniques. Basic knowledge is always transferable, and the inspiration which comes from association with a great scientist is not confined to anyone field of physiology. The contributors to this volume were requested to review briefly that aspect of physiology of current interest to them, and it is hoped that the resulting papers will serve as an up to date review of many physiological problems. The editors are greatly indebted to the publishers, Springer-Verlag, particu larly to Dr. H. GOTZE for his advice and interest. It is also a pleasure to thank Mrs. H. WALSH for her unfailing assistance during the preparation of this book. Canberra Melbourne 1965. III CONTENTS Rhythmic thalamic activity. P. Andersen.

Emerging Mechanisms In Dynamic Gabaergic Inhibition

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Author : Shiva K. Tyagarajan
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-12-01

Emerging Mechanisms In Dynamic Gabaergic Inhibition written by Shiva K. Tyagarajan and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-01 with Science categories.

International Review Of Neurobiology

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 1992-04-13

International Review Of Neurobiology written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-04-13 with Medical categories.

Published since 1959, this serial presents in-depth reviews of key topics in neuroscience, from molecules to behavior. The serial stays keenly atuned to recent developments through the contributions of first-class experts in the many fields of neuroscience. Neuroscientists as well as clinicians, psychologists, physiologists and pharmacoloists will find this serial an indispensable addition to their library.

Nerve Cells And Animal Behaviour

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Author : Peter Simmons
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-05-27

Nerve Cells And Animal Behaviour written by Peter Simmons and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-27 with Science categories.

An extensively revised third edition of this introduction to neuroethology - the neuronal basis of animal behaviour - for zoology, biology and psychology undergraduate students. The book focuses on the roles of individual nerve cells in behaviour, from simple startle responses to complex behaviours such as route learning by rats and singing by crickets and birds. It begins by examining the relationship between brains and behaviour, and showing how study of specialised behaviours reveals neuronal mechanisms that control behaviour. Information processing by nerve cells is introduced using specific examples, and the establishing roles of neurons in behaviour is described for a predator-prey interaction, toads versus cockroaches. New material includes: vision by insects, which describes sensory filtering; hunting by owls and bats, which describes sensory maps; and rhythmical movements including swimming and flying, which describes how sequences of movements are generated. Includes stunning photographs which capture the detail of the behaviour.

Biology For The Ib Diploma Coursebook

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Author : Brenda Walpole
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-03-24

Biology For The Ib Diploma Coursebook written by Brenda Walpole and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-24 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.

This text offers an in-depth analysis of all topics covered in the IB syllabus, preparing students with the skills needed to succeed in the examination. Features include: clearly stated learning objectives at the start of each section; quick questions throughout each chapter and accessible language for students at all levels.