Burden And Epidemiology Of Respiratory Viruses In Hong Kong
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Burden Epidemiology Of Respi
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Author : Lan Wei
language : en
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
Release Date : 2017-01-26
Burden Epidemiology Of Respi written by Lan Wei and has been published by Open Dissertation Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-26 with Medical categories.
This dissertation, "Burden and Epidemiology of Respiratory Viruses in Hong Kong" by Lan, Wei, 衞蘭, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) cause a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide, particularly in children age under five years of age. However, vaccination, as the optimal means of disease prevention, is currently not available for most respiratory viruses. Apart from influenza virus (IFV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the epidemiology and disease burden of many RVIs have not been comprehensively studied. I investigated the etiology, seasonality and other epidemiology features of respiratory viral infections in Hong Kong children based on a series of datasets from ill children in the general community, from outpatient clinics, and from hospitals. I also used population-based mortality and morbidity data. I fitted statistical models to the data to characterize the seasonality and examine the correlation of seasonal patterns with climactic factors. I used regression models to estimate excess hospitalizations and mortality. I assessed the severity by comparing statistical estimates of the impact of each disease at different levels of the pyramid of disease. I found that entero/rhinoviruses, influenza viruses and coronaviruses were more frequently detected among all children regardless of symptoms, with human metapneumovirus also more commonly detected in symptomatic children and parainfluenza virus among those asymptomatic children. The overall duration of symptoms of those with positive detection of a respiratory virus was about 8.2 days. Clinical characteristics of these respiratory viruses were similar except for significant difference in fever, cough and mean age. Younger children (aged 0-5 years) had a higher frequency of virus detection and a longer symptomatic duration than the older children (aged 6-15 years). All non-influenza viruses together(RSV: 182, CI: 95-269; PIV,122, CI:34-209; AdV, 120, CI: 43-201) were associated with an estimated 423 excess respiratory hospitalizations per 100,000 person-years, similar to those caused by influenza viruses (422, CI: 341-501) in children. Common respiratory viruses were associated with 0.21 to 4.35 excess respiratory intensive care unit (ICU) admissions per 100,000 person-years, with 3.54 for influenza virus and 9.11 for all non-influenza viruses together. None of the viruses were associated with significant excess mortality except for influenza A (H1N1) (0.11 per 100,000 person-years). Both influenza and non-influenza respiratory virus infections were associated with substantial diseases burden in Hong Kong children. IFV and RSV contributed to the highest excess hospitalization and ICU admission rate. The risk of hospital to ICU admission was generally higher for non-influenza virus infections than IFV infections. In conclusion, the impact and severity of respiratory viruses was greater in younger children compared to older children. Significant disease burden caused by non-influenza viruses underscores the importance of control of respiratory virus infections in children beyond influenza vaccination. Subjects: Respiratory infections - China - Hong Kong Virus diseases - China - Hong Kong
Burden And Epidemiology Of Respiratory Viruses In Hong Kong
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Author : Lan Wei
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-01-26
Burden And Epidemiology Of Respiratory Viruses In Hong Kong written by Lan Wei and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-26 with Respiratory infections categories.
Epidemiological And Evolutionary Dynamics Of Human Respiratory Viruses In Hong Kong During Covid 19
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Author : 古絲雅
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Epidemiological And Evolutionary Dynamics Of Human Respiratory Viruses In Hong Kong During Covid 19 written by 古絲雅 and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with Respiratory infections categories.
Epidemiology Of Novel Viruses Associated With Human Respiratory Tract Infections In Hong Kong
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Epidemiology Of Novel Viruses Associated With Human Respiratory Tract Infections In Hong Kong written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Epidemiology Of Novel Viruses Associated With Human Respiratory Tract Infections In Hong Kong
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Author : Chik-yan Yip
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Epidemiology Of Novel Viruses Associated With Human Respiratory Tract Infections In Hong Kong written by Chik-yan Yip and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Molecular epidemiology categories.
Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6
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Author : King K. Holmes
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2017-11-06
Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 written by King K. Holmes and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-06 with Medical categories.
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Learning From Sars
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2004-04-26
Learning From Sars written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-04-26 with Medical categories.
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in late 2002 and 2003 challenged the global public health community to confront a novel epidemic that spread rapidly from its origins in southern China until it had reached more than 25 other countries within a matter of months. In addition to the number of patients infected with the SARS virus, the disease had profound economic and political repercussions in many of the affected regions. Recent reports of isolated new SARS cases and a fear that the disease could reemerge and spread have put public health officials on high alert for any indications of possible new outbreaks. This report examines the response to SARS by public health systems in individual countries, the biology of the SARS coronavirus and related coronaviruses in animals, the economic and political fallout of the SARS epidemic, quarantine law and other public health measures that apply to combating infectious diseases, and the role of international organizations and scientific cooperation in halting the spread of SARS. The report provides an illuminating survey of findings from the epidemic, along with an assessment of what might be needed in order to contain any future outbreaks of SARS or other emerging infections.
The Threat Of Pandemic Influenza
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2005-04-09
The Threat Of Pandemic Influenza written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-04-09 with Medical categories.
Public health officials and organizations around the world remain on high alert because of increasing concerns about the prospect of an influenza pandemic, which many experts believe to be inevitable. Moreover, recent problems with the availability and strain-specificity of vaccine for annual flu epidemics in some countries and the rise of pandemic strains of avian flu in disparate geographic regions have alarmed experts about the world's ability to prevent or contain a human pandemic. The workshop summary, The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready? addresses these urgent concerns. The report describes what steps the United States and other countries have taken thus far to prepare for the next outbreak of "killer flu." It also looks at gaps in readiness, including hospitals' inability to absorb a surge of patients and many nations' incapacity to monitor and detect flu outbreaks. The report points to the need for international agreements to share flu vaccine and antiviral stockpiles to ensure that the 88 percent of nations that cannot manufacture or stockpile these products have access to them. It chronicles the toll of the H5N1 strain of avian flu currently circulating among poultry in many parts of Asia, which now accounts for the culling of millions of birds and the death of at least 50 persons. And it compares the costs of preparations with the costs of illness and death that could arise during an outbreak.
Encyclopedia Of Respiratory Medicine
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Author : Geoffrey J. Laurent
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2006
Encyclopedia Of Respiratory Medicine written by Geoffrey J. Laurent and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Medical categories.
An impressive four-volume work that provides an authoritative and comprehensive coverage of the complete field of respiratory medicine. It provides a vital interface between the pure and clinical science environments covering all aspects of respiratory medicine from the relevant molecular biology to the treatment of diseases that affect the respiratory system. It includes comprehensive coverage of lung cells, the structural components of the lung and key molecules that regulate lung function as well as all the major respiratory diseases. Students, researchers and professionals alike will find this an authoritative source of information on all aspects of respiratory medicine. Also available online via ScienceDirect (2006) - featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. Includes diagrams of uniformly high quality and references to enable readers to access the wider literature Highly structured through the use of chapter templates Key four-color illustrations that will be invaluable teaching tools
The Domestic And International Impacts Of The 2009 H1n1 Influenza A Pandemic
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2010-07-04
The Domestic And International Impacts Of The 2009 H1n1 Influenza A Pandemic written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-04 with Medical categories.
In March and early April 2009, a new, swine-origin 2009-H1N1 influenza A virus emerged in Mexico and the United States. During the first few weeks of surveillance, the virus spread by human-to-human transmission worldwide to over 30 countries. On June 11, 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) raised the worldwide pandemic alert level to Phase 6 in response to the ongoing global spread of the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus. By October 30, 2009, the H1N1 influenza A had spread to 191 countries and resulted in 5,700 fatalities. A national emergency was declared in the United States and the swine flu joined SARS and the avian flu as pandemics of the 21st century. Vaccination is currently available, but in limited supply, and with a 60 percent effectiveness rate against the virus. The story of how this new influenza virus spread out of Mexico to other parts of North America and then on to Europe, the Far East, and now Australia and the Pacific Rim countries has its origins in the global interconnectedness of travel, trade, and tourism. Given the rapid spread of the virus, the international scientific, public health, security, and policy communities had to mobilize quickly to characterize this unique virus and address its potential effects. The World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control have played critical roles in the surveillance, detection and responses to the H1N1 virus. The Domestic and International Impacts of the 2009-H1N1 Influenza A Pandemic: Global Challenges, Global Solutions aimed to examine the evolutionary origins of the H1N1 virus and evaluate its potential public health and socioeconomic consequences, while monitoring and mitigating the impact of a fast-moving pandemic. The rapporteurs for this workshop reported on the need for increased and geographically robust global influenza vaccine production capacities; enhanced and sustained interpandemic demand for seasonal influenza vaccines; clear "triggers" for pandemic alert levels; and accelerated research collaboration on new vaccine manufacturing techniques. This book will be an essential guide for healthcare professionals, policymakers, drug manufacturers and investigators.