Burundi And Rwanda
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Genocide
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Author : Edward L. Nyankanzi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Genocide written by Edward L. Nyankanzi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with History categories.
3. The Congo Rebellion
Civil Wars In Rwanda And Burundi
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Author : Godfrey Mwakikagile
language : en
Publisher: New Africa Press
Release Date : 2013
Civil Wars In Rwanda And Burundi written by Godfrey Mwakikagile and has been published by New Africa Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with History categories.
This is a historical survey and analysis of some of the bloodiest conflicts in modern times. The civil wars in Rwanda and Burundi, twin states in the Great Lakes region of East Africa, are often explained in simplistic terms even by some political pundits as mere tribal wars, rooted in anciet hatred, between the Hutu and the Tutsi. Ethnicity is indeed a factor. But of paramount importance in this conflict between the Hutu and the Tutsi, in both countries, is the struggle for power although with "racial" overtones, and the exclusion of the Hutu majority from meaningful participation in the political process. Therefore the conflicts are not tribal wars but political statements as well, probably more than anything else; what Tanzanian President Benjamin Mkapa aptly described as "military expressions of political intent." In this comprehensive study, the author also addresses one of the most controversial subjects today: conflict resolution in Africa. There are no easy answers, but the author attempts to provide some of them. He covers as much ground as possible, trying to come up with solutions not only to the wars in Africa's Great Lakes region, but in other parts of the continent as well.
Peace And Stability In Rwanda And Burundi
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Author : Godfrey Mwakikagile
language : en
Publisher: New Africa Press
Release Date : 2013
Peace And Stability In Rwanda And Burundi written by Godfrey Mwakikagile and has been published by New Africa Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Social Science categories.
THIS work looks at some of the ways to achieve lasting peace and stability in Rwanda and Burundi whose destiny is inextricably linked with the entire Great Lakes region of East Africa. Conflicts in the two countries affect the entire region, especially their neighbours - Tanzania, Congo, and Uganda - and have ripple effects which go far beyond the region. Therefore all the countries in the region have direct interest in what goes on in Rwanda and Burundi and in the resolution of the conflicts in the twin nations. But resolution of the conflict between the Hutu and the Tutsi in Rwanda and Burundi may require a solution that has never been tried before. It may even require a combination of solutions in order to be resolved permanently. Any solution, however radical, should be tried even if it runs counter to the logic of what African leaders and many other Africans consider to be the proper way to build nations and achieve unity transcending racial, ethnic and regional differences. Resolution of the conflict in Rwanda and Burundi may also provide some insights into the complexities of conflict management, and conflict resolution, in other intra-territorial and regional conflicts and disputes in other parts of the continent.
Entanglements Of Modernity Colonialism And Genocide
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Author : Jack Palmer
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-05-08
Entanglements Of Modernity Colonialism And Genocide written by Jack Palmer and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-08 with Social Science categories.
This book offers a novel sociological examination of the historical trajectories of Burundi and Rwanda. It challenges both the Eurocentric assumptions which have underpinned many sociological theorisations of modernity, and the notion that the processes of modernisation move gradually, if precariously, towards more peaceable forms of cohabitation within and between societies. Addressing these themes at critical historical junctures – precolonial, colonial and postcolonial – the book argues that the recent experiences of extremely violent social conflict in Burundi and Rwanda cannot be seen as an ‘object apart’ from the concerns of sociologists, as it is commonly presented. Instead, these experiences are situated within a specific route to and through modernity, one ‘entangled’ with Western modernity. A contribution to an emerging global historical sociology, Entanglements of Modernity, Colonialism and Genocide will appeal to scholars of sociology and social theory with interests in postcolonialism, historical sociology, multiple modernities and genocide.
Rwanda And Burundi
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Author : René Lemarchand
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1970
Rwanda And Burundi written by René Lemarchand and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Burundi categories.
Historical study of Rwanda and Burundi, with particular reference to social change resulting from the transition from the traditional political and social structures since deconolization - covers the role of Belgium, the role of the Church, the role of China, etc., and examines the intergroup relations between the hutu and tutsi tribal peoples and the refugee problems resulting from the revolution in rwanda. UN mentioned. Bibliography, references and statistical tables.
Burundi
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Author : Nigel Watt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Burundi written by Nigel Watt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Little known in the English-speaking world, Burundi is Rwanda's twin, a small Central African country with a complex history of ethnic tension between its Hutu and Tutsi populations that has itself experienced traumatic events, including mass killings of over 200,000 people. The country remained in a state of simmering civil war until 2004, after which Julius Nyerere and Nelson Mandela took turns as mediators in a lengthy, and eventually successful, peace process which has endowed Burundi with new institutions, including a new constitution, that led to the election of a majority Hutu government in 2005. But there are many problems still to solve apart from ethnic tensions, above all the entrenched poverty of most Burundians, which has seen it designated by NGOs as one of the most deprived countries on earth.Nigel Watt's book discusses the troubled political fortunes of this beautiful yet disturbed country in the heart of Central Africa. He traces the origins of its political crises, sheds light on Burundi's recent history by means of interviews with leading participants and those whose lives have been affected by horrific events, and helps demystify the country's ethnic divisions.
Institutional Legacies Decision Frames And Political Violence In Rwanda And Burundi
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Author : Stacey Mitchell
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-10-09
Institutional Legacies Decision Frames And Political Violence In Rwanda And Burundi written by Stacey Mitchell and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-09 with Political Science categories.
Rwanda and Burundi are strikingly similar countries that underwent democratization in the early 1990s. In both, resistance to democratic reforms led to coups d’état and presidential assassinations. A conundrum arises in terms of what transpires next. In Rwanda, total genocide was perpetrated by extremist Hutu actors, including government officials, upon the country’s Tutsi and politically moderate Hutu populations. In Burundi the coup d’état failed and instead ushered in a lengthy period of civil war. This divergence in outcome is puzzling given the similarity of these two countries, and it is not adequately explained by studies that address collective violence in each. This book utilizes an integrative approach that facilitates the formation of an explanation that more fully accounts for variation in the type of collective violence that occurred in Rwanda and Burundi. Showing that political actors – during periods of major institutional change – do not all respond to or perceive reform in the exact same manner or in a necessarily rational manner, this book makes an important contribution to the literature on ethnic conflict, collective violence and democratization in Africa.
Identity Politics And Ethnic Conflicts In Rwanda And Burundi
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Author : Godfrey Mwakikagile
language : en
Publisher: New Africa Press
Release Date : 2012
Identity Politics And Ethnic Conflicts In Rwanda And Burundi written by Godfrey Mwakikagile and has been published by New Africa Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Social Science categories.
This work looks at conflicts between the Hutu and the Tutsi in Rwanda and Burundi. The conflicts between the two groups have sometimes been characterised as ethnic, although neither group has fundamental attributes of ethnicity or ethnic identity which separate one from the other. They have the same culture. They speak the same language. And they have had a common history during the past 400 years. They have intermingled and have intermarried for so long since the Tutsi arrived in the region about 400 years ago that whatever differences existed between them in the past in terms of culture, identity, and biology have been erased. Yet they do exist as distinct social groups. They maintain separate group identities, as Hutus and as Tutsis, mainly because of the asymmetrical relationship between them. Inequity of power has solidified those identities. Historically, the Tutsi minority have been the rulers. Their status as the dominant group was enhanced during colonial rule when the Belgians favoured and recognised them as the traditional rulers, superior to the Hutu, thus legitimising inequalities between the two groups. The differences between them were even given official sanction. And the subordinate status of the Hutu majority was used by the Belgians to justify discrimination against them in terms of employment and educational opportunities while favouring the Tutsi. The conflict between the two groups is rooted in inequity of power, fuelled by stereotypes against the Hutu majority. Domination of the Hutu majority by the Tutsi minority, which started before the advent of colonial rule, has also solidified ethnic identities of the two groups through the years. A shared consciousness among the members of each group and their distinctiveness - each seeing themselves as different from the other - have also played a major role in the evolution and consolidation of these separate identities.
Talking Or Fighting
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Author : Filip Reyntjens
language : en
Publisher: Nordic Africa Institute
Release Date : 1999
Talking Or Fighting written by Filip Reyntjens and has been published by Nordic Africa Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Burundi categories.
There has been a great deal of continuity in the political evolution of Rwanda and Burundi since 1997. Its regional impact has been felt even more, especially in Rwanda. Although civil war is still ravaging that country, in Burundi the search for a political solution is moving at a snail's pace, through the dual process of political partnership within the country and the Arusha negotiations. The regime in Rwanda continues to favor the military option, which, has met with some success following the second intervention in the Congo and the regroupment of an important section of the population in the Northwest. In Burundi, the political landscape remains divided, even fragmented, but in Rwanda the RPF has reinforced its grasp on a tightly controlled system, notably through the destruction of the MDR. Cohesion within the RPF, however, is by no means guaranteed. At the political level, the system in Burundi is undoubtedly more inclusive than that of Rwandan regime, whose base continues to shrink. While Rwanda has opted for the path of almost absolute control, Burundi continues its quest for political solutions in Burundi, is fragile and success is far from guaranteed. In August 1998, Rwanda reaffirmed its ambitions as a regional military power. Even more than in 1996-1997, the Congolese operation opens up access to resources that not only help finance the war, but also enrich scertain political and military actors in Kigali. Although the Burundian army has also become involved in the Congo, its ambitions seem more limited. Furthermore, the regional alliances have become clearer and more visible, which does not necessarily mean that they are stable.
Proxy Targets
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Author : Timothy Paul Longman
language : en
Publisher: Human Rights Watch
Release Date : 1998
Proxy Targets written by Timothy Paul Longman and has been published by Human Rights Watch this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with History categories.
Executions of Civilians