Cache And Memory Hierarchy Design
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Cache And Memory Hierarchy Design
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Author : Steven A. Przybylski
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2014-06-28
Cache And Memory Hierarchy Design written by Steven A. Przybylski and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-28 with Computers categories.
An authoritative book for hardware and software designers. Caches are by far the simplest and most effective mechanism for improving computer performance. This innovative book exposes the characteristics of performance-optimal single and multi-level cache hierarchies by approaching the cache design process through the novel perspective of minimizing execution times. It presents useful data on the relative performance of a wide spectrum of machines and offers empirical and analytical evaluations of the underlying phenomena. This book will help computer professionals appreciate the impact of caches and enable designers to maximize performance given particular implementation constraints.
Exploring Memory Hierarchy Design With Emerging Memory Technologies
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Author : Guangyu Sun
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-09-18
Exploring Memory Hierarchy Design With Emerging Memory Technologies written by Guangyu Sun and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book equips readers with tools for computer architecture of high performance, low power, and high reliability memory hierarchy in computer systems based on emerging memory technologies, such as STTRAM, PCM, FBDRAM, etc. The techniques described offer advantages of high density, near-zero static power, and immunity to soft errors, which have the potential of overcoming the “memory wall.” The authors discuss memory design from various perspectives: emerging memory technologies are employed in the memory hierarchy with novel architecture modification; hybrid memory structure is introduced to leverage advantages from multiple memory technologies; an analytical model named “Moguls” is introduced to explore quantitatively the optimization design of a memory hierarchy; finally, the vulnerability of the CMPs to radiation-based soft errors is improved by replacing different levels of on-chip memory with STT-RAMs.
A Primer On Compression In The Memory Hierarchy
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Author : Somayeh Sardashti
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2015-12-01
A Primer On Compression In The Memory Hierarchy written by Somayeh Sardashti and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-01 with Computers categories.
This synthesis lecture presents the current state-of-the-art in applying low-latency, lossless hardware compression algorithms to cache, memory, and the memory/cache link. There are many non-trivial challenges that must be addressed to make data compression work well in this context. First, since compressed data must be decompressed before it can be accessed, decompression latency ends up on the critical memory access path. This imposes a significant constraint on the choice of compression algorithms. Second, while conventional memory systems store fixed-size entities like data types, cache blocks, and memory pages, these entities will suddenly vary in size in a memory system that employs compression. Dealing with variable size entities in a memory system using compression has a significant impact on the way caches are organized and how to manage the resources in main memory. We systematically discuss solutions in the open literature to these problems. Chapter 2 provides the foundations of data compression by first introducing the fundamental concept of value locality. We then introduce a taxonomy of compression algorithms and show how previously proposed algorithms fit within that logical framework. Chapter 3 discusses the different ways that cache memory systems can employ compression, focusing on the trade-offs between latency, capacity, and complexity of alternative ways to compact compressed cache blocks. Chapter 4 discusses issues in applying data compression to main memory and Chapter 5 covers techniques for compressing data on the cache-to-memory links. This book should help a skilled memory system designer understand the fundamental challenges in applying compression to the memory hierarchy and introduce him/her to the state-of-the-art techniques in addressing them.
Algorithms For Memory Hierarchies
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Author : Ulrich Meyer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003-04-07
Algorithms For Memory Hierarchies written by Ulrich Meyer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-04-07 with Computers categories.
Algorithms that have to process large data sets have to take into account that the cost of memory access depends on where the data is stored. Traditional algorithm design is based on the von Neumann model where accesses to memory have uniform cost. Actual machines increasingly deviate from this model: while waiting for memory access, nowadays, microprocessors can in principle execute 1000 additions of registers; for hard disk access this factor can reach six orders of magnitude. The 16 coherent chapters in this monograph-like tutorial book introduce and survey algorithmic techniques used to achieve high performance on memory hierarchies; emphasis is placed on methods interesting from a theoretical as well as important from a practical point of view.
Multi Core Cache Hierarchies
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Author : Rajeev Balasubramonian
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2011-06-06
Multi Core Cache Hierarchies written by Rajeev Balasubramonian and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A key determinant of overall system performance and power dissipation is the cache hierarchy since access to off-chip memory consumes many more cycles and energy than on-chip accesses. In addition, multi-core processors are expected to place ever higher bandwidth demands on the memory system. All these issues make it important to avoid off-chip memory access by improving the efficiency of the on-chip cache. Future multi-core processors will have many large cache banks connected by a network and shared by many cores. Hence, many important problems must be solved: cache resources must be allocated across many cores, data must be placed in cache banks that are near the accessing core, and the most important data must be identified for retention. Finally, difficulties in scaling existing technologies require adapting to and exploiting new technology constraints. The book attempts a synthesis of recent cache research that has focused on innovations for multi-core processors. It is an excellent starting point for early-stage graduate students, researchers, and practitioners who wish to understand the landscape of recent cache research. The book is suitable as a reference for advanced computer architecture classes as well as for experienced researchers and VLSI engineers. Table of Contents: Basic Elements of Large Cache Design / Organizing Data in CMP Last Level Caches / Policies Impacting Cache Hit Rates / Interconnection Networks within Large Caches / Technology / Concluding Remarks
Architectural Support For A Variable Granularity Cache Memory System
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Author : Snehasish Kumar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Architectural Support For A Variable Granularity Cache Memory System written by Snehasish Kumar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Cache memory categories.
The data access patterns of modern workloads are increasingly less uniform which makes it hard to design a memory hierarchy with rigid design principles that performs optimally for a wide range of workloads. This dissertation proposes and evaluates the benefits of a novel architecture, called the Amoeba Cache, for the on chip memory hierarchy which would allow it to dynamically adapt to the requirements of the application. We propose a design that can support a variable number of cache blocks, each of a different granularity. Compared to a fixed granularity cache, the Amoeba Cache improves cache utilization to 90% - 99% for most applications, saves miss rate by up to 73% at the L1 level and up to 88% at the LLC level, and reduces miss bandwidth by up to 84% at the L1 and 92% at the LLC. The Amoeba Cache also reduces on-chip memory hierarchy energy by as much as 36% and improves performance by as much as 50%.
Computer Architecture
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Author : David A. Patterson
language : en
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann
Release Date : 1996
Computer Architecture written by David A. Patterson and has been published by Morgan Kaufmann this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Computer architecture categories.
"Once in a great while, a landmark computer-science book is published. Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, Second Edition, is such a book. In an era of fluff computer books that are, quite properly, remaindered within weeks of publication, this book will stand the test of time, becoming lovingly dog-eared in the hands of anyone who designs computers or has concerns about the performance of computer programs." - Robert Bernecky, Dr. Dobb's Journal, April 1998 Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach was the first book to focus on computer architecture as a modern science. Its publication in 1990 inspired a new approach to studying and understanding computer design. Now, the second edition explores the next generation of architectures and design techniques with view to the future. A basis for modern computer architecture As the authors explain in their preface to the Second Edition, computer architecture itself has undergone significant change since 1990. Concentrating on currently predominant and emerging commercial systems, the Hennessy and Patterson have prepared entirely new chapters covering additional advanced topics: * Advanced Pipelining: A new chapter emphasizes superscalar and multiple issues. * Networks: A new chapter examines in depth the design issues for small and large shared-memory multiprocessors. * Storage Systems: Expanded presentation includes coverage of I/O performance measures. * Memory: Expanded coverage of caches and memory-hierarchy design addresses contemporary design issues. * Examples and Exercises: Completely revised on current architectures such as MIPS R4000, Intel 80x86 and Pentium, PowerPC, and HP PA-RISC. Distinctive presentation This book continues the style of the first edition, with revised sections on Fallacies and Pitfalls, Putting It All Together and Historical Perspective, and contains entirely new sections on Crosscutting Issues. The focus on fundamental techniques for designing real machines and the attention to maximizing cost/performance are crucial to both students and working professionals. Anyone involved in building computers, from palmtops to supercomputers, will profit from the expertise offered by Hennessy and Patterson.
Microprocessor Architecture
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Author : Jean-Loup Baer
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010
Microprocessor Architecture written by Jean-Loup Baer and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Computers categories.
This book describes the architecture of microprocessors from simple in-order short pipeline designs to out-of-order superscalars.
The Fractal Structure Of Data Reference
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Author : Bruce McNutt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-04-11
The Fractal Structure Of Data Reference written by Bruce McNutt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-11 with Computers categories.
The architectural concept of a memory hierarchy has been immensely successful, making possible today's spectacular pace of technology evolution in both the volume of data and the speed of data access. Its success is difficult to understand, however, when examined within the traditional "memoryless" framework of performance analysis. The `memoryless' framework cannot properly reflect a memory hierarchy's ability to take advantage of patterns of data use that are transient. The Fractal Structure of Data Reference: Applications to the Memory Hierarchy both introduces, and justifies empirically, an alternative modeling framework in which arrivals are driven by a statistically self-similar underlying process, and are transient in nature. The substance of this book comes from the ability of the model to impose a mathematically tractable structure on important problems involving the operation and performance of a memory hierarchy. It describes events as they play out at a wide range of time scales, from the operation of file buffers and storage control cache, to a statistical view of entire disk storage applications. Striking insights are obtained about how memory hierarchies work, and how to exploit them to best advantage. The emphasis is on the practical application of such results. The Fractal Structure of Data Reference: Applications to the Memory Hierarchy will be of interest to professionals working in the area of applied computer performance and capacity planning, particularly those with a focus on disk storage. The book is also an excellent reference for those interested in database and data structure research.
Analysis Of Cache Performance For Operating Systems And Multiprogramming
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989-03-31
Analysis Of Cache Performance For Operating Systems And Multiprogramming written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-03-31 with categories.