Calculation And Computation In The Pre Electronic Era
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Calculation And Computation In The Pre Electronic Era
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Author : Aristotle Tympas
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-01-12
Calculation And Computation In The Pre Electronic Era written by Aristotle Tympas and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-12 with Computers categories.
Although it is popularly assumed that the history of computing before the second half of the 20th century was unimportant, in fact the Industrial Revolution was made possible and even sustained by a parallel revolution in computing technology. An examination and historiographical assessment of key developments helps to show how the era of modern electronic computing proceeded from a continual computing revolution that had arisen during the mechanical and the electrical ages. This unique volume introduces the history of computing during the “first” (steam) and “second” (electricity) segments of the Industrial Revolution, revealing how this history was pivotal to the emergence of electronic computing and what many historians see as signifying a shift to a post-industrial society. It delves into critical developments before the electronic era, focusing on those of the mechanical era (from the emergence of the steam engine to that of the electric power network) and the electrical era (from the emergence of the electric power network to that of electronic computing). In so doing, it provides due attention to the demarcations between—and associated classifications of—artifacts for calculation during these respective eras. In turn, it emphasizes the history of comparisons between these artifacts. Topics and Features: motivates exposition through a firm historiographical argument of important developments explores the history of the slide rule and its use in the context of electrification examines the roles of analyzers, graphs, and a whole range of computing artifacts hitherto placed under the allegedly inferior class of analog computers shows how the analog and the digital are really inseparable, with perceptions thereof depending on either a full or a restricted view of the computing process investigates socially situated comparisons of computing history, including the effects of a political economy of computing (one that takes into account cost and ownership of computing artifacts) assesses concealment of analog-machine labor through encasement (“black-boxing”) Historians of computing, as well as those of technology and science (especially, energy), will find this well-argued and presented history of calculation and computation in the mechanical and electrical eras an indispensable resource. The work is a natural textbook companion for history of computing courses, and will also appeal to the broader readership of curious computer scientists and engineers, as well as those who generally just have a yearn to learn the contextual background to the current digital age. "In this fascinating, original work, Tympas indispensably intertwines the histories of analog and digital computing, showing them to be inseparable from the evolution of social and economic conditions. " Prof. David Mindell, MIT
Calculation And Computation In The Pre Electronic Era
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Author : Aristotelis Tympas
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2021-06-09
Calculation And Computation In The Pre Electronic Era written by Aristotelis Tympas and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-09 with Computers categories.
This book offers an introduction to the history of computing during the ‘first’ (steam) and the ‘second’ (electricity) industrial revolution. It starts with the origins of the industrial revolution and stops at the emergence of electronic computing, which for many historians signifies the end of the industrial society and the beginning of a post-industrial society. It is popularly assumed that the history of computing before the second half of the twentieth century is unimportant. The general argument of the book is that computing has been of primary importance since the late nineteenth century and through the first half of the twentieth century. The book shows that the industrial revolution was made possible by a parallel revolution in computing technology. As indicated by the transition from isolated factory steam engines to vast networks of interconnected electric power lines, the industrial revolution was actually a permanent technological revolution. The book suggests that it was sustained by a perpetual revolution in computing technology. The history of this perpetual computing revolution helps us to understand that electronic era computing continued on what this permanent computing revolution had accumulated during the mechanical and the electrical age. What followed after the 1940s capitalized on what had started in the 1780s. In this sense, the book offers a history of computing during the mechanical and the electrical age that helps us to contextualize the history of electronic computing.
Calculation And Computation In The Pre Electronic Era
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Author : Aristotelis Tympas
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2020-08-15
Calculation And Computation In The Pre Electronic Era written by Aristotelis Tympas and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-15 with Computers categories.
This book offers an introduction to the history of computing during the ‘first’ (steam) and the ‘second’ (electricity) industrial revolution. It starts with the origins of the industrial revolution and stops at the emergence of electronic computing, which for many historians signifies the end of the industrial society and the beginning of a post-industrial society. It is popularly assumed that the history of computing before the second half of the twentieth century is unimportant. The general argument of the book is that computing has been of primary importance since the late nineteenth century and through the first half of the twentieth century. The book shows that the industrial revolution was made possible by a parallel revolution in computing technology. As indicated by the transition from isolated factory steam engines to vast networks of interconnected electric power lines, the industrial revolution was actually a permanent technological revolution. The book suggests that it was sustained by a perpetual revolution in computing technology. The history of this perpetual computing revolution helps us to understand that electronic era computing continued on what this permanent computing revolution had accumulated during the mechanical and the electrical age. What followed after the 1940s capitalized on what had started in the 1780s. In this sense, the book offers a history of computing during the mechanical and the electrical age that helps us to contextualize the history of electronic computing.
Ecological Reparation
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Author : Dimitris Papadopoulos
language : en
Publisher: Policy Press
Release Date : 2023-12-01
Ecological Reparation written by Dimitris Papadopoulos and has been published by Policy Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-01 with Social Science categories.
How do we engage with the threat of social and environmental degradation while creating and maintaining liveable and just worlds? Researchers from diverse backgrounds unpack this question through a series of original and committed contributions to this wide-ranging volume. The authors explore practices of repairing damaged ecologies across different locations and geographies and offer innovative insights for the conservation, mending, care and empowerment of human and nonhuman ecologies. This ground-breaking collection establishes ecological reparation as an urgent and essential topic of public and scholarly debate.
History And Historiography In Greece
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Author : Nikos Christofis
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2025-05-01
History And Historiography In Greece written by Nikos Christofis and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-05-01 with History categories.
An updated guide to Greek historiography was long overdue. In this comprehensive and temporally wide-ranging reassessment, History and Historiography in Greece examines the evolution of Greek historical scholarship by reviewing the ideas, methods, and schools of history shaping the field. From how these developments correspond with international trends, to their rate of development alongside global shifts in scholarship, this volume identifies not only the ideological limitations shaping Greek academia, but also the innovations that are breaking new ground. In doing so, the contributors illuminate how those developments yield new lessons for existing conceptual frameworks within the fields of labor, gender, diaspora studies, and more.
A Culture Of Improvement
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Author : Robert Friedel
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2010-02-26
A Culture Of Improvement written by Robert Friedel and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
How technological change in the West has been driven by the pursuit of improvement: a history of technology, from plows and printing presses to penicillin, the atomic bomb, and the computer. Why does technology change over time, how does it change, and what difference does it make? In this sweeping, ambitious look at a thousand years of Western experience, Robert Friedel argues that technological change comes largely through the pursuit of improvement—the deep-rooted belief that things could be done in a better way. What Friedel calls the "culture of improvement" is manifested every day in the ways people carry out their tasks in life—from tilling fields and raising children to waging war. Improvements can be ephemeral or lasting, and one person's improvement may not always be viewed as such by others. Friedel stresses the social processes by which we define what improvements are and decide which improvements will last and which will not. These processes, he emphasizes, have created both winners and losers in history. Friedel presents a series of narratives of Western technology that begin in the eleventh century and stretch into the twenty-first. Familiar figures from the history of invention are joined by others—the Italian preacher who described the first eyeglasses, the dairywomen displaced from their control over cheesemaking, and the little-known engineer who first suggested a grand tower to Gustav Eiffel. Friedel traces technology from the plow and the printing press to the internal combustion engine, the transistor, and the space shuttle. Friedel also reminds us that faith in improvement can sometimes have horrific consequences, as improved weaponry makes warfare ever more deadly and the drive for improving human beings can lead to eugenics and even genocide. The most comprehensive attempt to tell the story of Western technology in many years, engagingly written and lavishly illustrated, A Culture of Improvement documents the ways in which the drive for improvement has shaped our modern world.
Dependable And Historic Computing
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Author : Cliff B. Jones
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-01-24
Dependable And Historic Computing written by Cliff B. Jones and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-24 with Computers categories.
This Festschrift volume, published in honor of Brian Randell on the occasion of his 75th birthday, contains a total of 37 refereed contributions. Two biographical papers are followed by the six invited papers that were presented at the conference 'Dependable and Historic Computing: The Randell Tales', held during April 7-8, 2011 at Newcastle University, UK. The remaining contributions are authored by former scientific colleagues of Brian Randell. The papers focus on the core of Brian Randell’s work: the development of computing science and the study of its history. Moreover, his wider interests are reflected and so the collection comprises papers on software engineering, storage fragmentation, computer architecture, programming languages and dependability. There is even a paper that echoes Randell’s love of maps. After an early career with English Electric and then with IBM in New York and California, Brian Randell joined Newcastle University. His main research has been on dependable computing in all its forms, especially reliability, safety and security aspects, and he has led several major European collaborative projects.
Bloomsbury Semiotics Volume 2 Semiotics In The Natural And Technical Sciences
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Author : Jamin Pelkey
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2023-01-12
Bloomsbury Semiotics Volume 2 Semiotics In The Natural And Technical Sciences written by Jamin Pelkey and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-12 with Literary Criticism categories.
Bloomsbury Semiotics offers a state-of-the-art overview of the entire field of semiotics by revealing its influence on a wide range of disciplinary perspectives. With four volumes spanning theory, method and practice across the disciplines, this definitive reference work emphasizes and strengthens common bonds shared across intellectual cultures, and facilitates the discovery and recovery of meaning across fields. It comprises: Volume 1: History and Semiosis Volume 2: Semiotics in the Natural and Technical Sciences Volume 3: Semiotics in the Arts and Social Sciences Volume 4: Semiotic Movements Written by leading international experts, the chapters provide comprehensive overviews of the history and status of semiotic inquiry across a diverse range of traditions and disciplines. Together, they highlight key contemporary developments and debates along with ongoing research priorities. Providing the most comprehensive and united overview of the field, Bloomsbury Semiotics enables anyone, from students to seasoned practitioners, to better understand and benefit from semiotic insight and how it relates to their own area of study or research. Volume 2: Semiotics in the Natural and Technical Sciences presents the state-of-the art in semiotic approaches to disciplines ranging from mathematics and biology to neuroscience and medicine, from evolutionary linguistics and animal behaviour studies to computing, finance, law, architecture, and design. Each chapter casts a vision for future research priorities, unanswered questions, and fresh openings for semiotic participation in these and related fields.
Simulation And Modelling
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Author : Mr. Rohit Manglik
language : en
Publisher: EduGorilla Publication
Release Date : 2024-02-20
Simulation And Modelling written by Mr. Rohit Manglik and has been published by EduGorilla Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-20 with Education categories.
EduGorilla Publication is a trusted name in the education sector, committed to empowering learners with high-quality study materials and resources. Specializing in competitive exams and academic support, EduGorilla provides comprehensive and well-structured content tailored to meet the needs of students across various streams and levels.
A New History Of Modern Computing
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Author : Thomas Haigh
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2021-09-14
A New History Of Modern Computing written by Thomas Haigh and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
How the computer became universal. Over the past fifty years, the computer has been transformed from a hulking scientific supertool and data processing workhorse, remote from the experiences of ordinary people, to a diverse family of devices that billions rely on to play games, shop, stream music and movies, communicate, and count their steps. In A New History of Modern Computing, Thomas Haigh and Paul Ceruzzi trace these changes. A comprehensive reimagining of Ceruzzi's A History of Modern Computing, this new volume uses each chapter to recount one such transformation, describing how a particular community of users and producers remade the computer into something new. Haigh and Ceruzzi ground their accounts of these computing revolutions in the longer and deeper history of computing technology. They begin with the story of the 1945 ENIAC computer, which introduced the vocabulary of "programs" and "programming," and proceed through email, pocket calculators, personal computers, the World Wide Web, videogames, smart phones, and our current world of computers everywhere--in phones, cars, appliances, watches, and more. Finally, they consider the Tesla Model S as an object that simultaneously embodies many strands of computing.