Can Mathematics Be Proved Consistent
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Can Mathematics Be Proved Consistent
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Author : Jan von Plato
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-07-24
Can Mathematics Be Proved Consistent written by Jan von Plato and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-24 with Mathematics categories.
Kurt Gödel (1906–1978) shook the mathematical world in 1931 by a result that has become an icon of 20th century science: The search for rigour in proving mathematical theorems had led to the formalization of mathematical proofs, to the extent that such proving could be reduced to the application of a few mechanical rules. Gödel showed that whenever the part of mathematics under formalization contains elementary arithmetic, there will be arithmetical statements that should be formally provable but aren’t. The result is known as Gödel’s first incompleteness theorem, so called because there is a second incompleteness result, embodied in his answer to the question "Can mathematics be proved consistent?" This book offers the first examination of Gödel’s preserved notebooks from 1930, written in a long-forgotten German shorthand, that show his way to the results: his first ideas, how they evolved, and how the jewel-like final presentation in his famous publication On formally undecidable propositions was composed.The book also contains the original version of Gödel’s incompleteness article, as handed in for publication with no mentioning of the second incompleteness theorem, as well as six contemporary lectures and seminars Gödel gave between 1931 and 1934 in Austria, Germany, and the United States. The lectures are masterpieces of accessible presentations of deep scientific results, readable even for those without special mathematical training, and published here for the first time.
Chapters From G Del S Unfinished Book On Foundational Research In Mathematics
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Author : Jan von Plato
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-06
Chapters From G Del S Unfinished Book On Foundational Research In Mathematics written by Jan von Plato and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-06 with Mathematics categories.
This volume contains English translations of Gödel's chapters on logicism and the antinomies and on the calculi of pure logic, as well as outlines for a chapter on metamathematics. It also comprises most of his reading notes. This book is a testimony to Gödel's understanding of the situation of foundational research in mathematics after his great discovery, the incompleteness theorem of 1931. It is also a source for his views on his logical predecessors, from Leibniz, Frege, and Russell to his own times. Gödel's "own book on foundations," as he called it, is essential reading for logicians and philosophers interested in foundations. Furthermore, it opens a new chapter to the life and achievement of one of the icons of 20th century science and philosophy.
G Del S Proof
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Author : Ernest Nagel
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1989
G Del S Proof written by Ernest Nagel and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Gödel's theorem categories.
In 1931 the mathematical logician Kurt Godel published a revolutionary paper that challenged certain basic assumptions underpinning mathematics and logic. A colleague of Albert Einstein, his theorem proved that mathematics was partly based on propositions not provable within the mathematical system and had radical implications that have echoed throughout many fields. A gripping combination of science and accessibility, Godel’s Proofby Nagel and Newman is for both mathematicians and the idly curious, offering those with a taste for logic and philosophy the chance to satisfy their intellectual curiosity.
An Introduction To Proof Theory
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Author : Paolo Mancosu
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-08-12
An Introduction To Proof Theory written by Paolo Mancosu and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-12 with Philosophy categories.
An Introduction to Proof Theory provides an accessible introduction to the theory of proofs, with details of proofs worked out and examples and exercises to aid the reader's understanding. It also serves as a companion to reading the original pathbreaking articles by Gerhard Gentzen. The first half covers topics in structural proof theory, including the Gödel-Gentzen translation of classical into intuitionistic logic (and arithmetic), natural deduction and the normalization theorems (for both NJ and NK), the sequent calculus, including cut-elimination and mid-sequent theorems, and various applications of these results. The second half examines ordinal proof theory, specifically Gentzen's consistency proof for first-order Peano Arithmetic. The theory of ordinal notations and other elements of ordinal theory are developed from scratch, and no knowledge of set theory is presumed. The proof methods needed to establish proof-theoretic results, especially proof by induction, are introduced in stages throughout the text. Mancosu, Galvan, and Zach's introduction will provide a solid foundation for those looking to understand this central area of mathematical logic and the philosophy of mathematics.
Proof Logic And Formalization
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Author : Michael Detlefsen
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2005-07-08
Proof Logic And Formalization written by Michael Detlefsen and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-07-08 with Mathematics categories.
A collection of essays from distinguished contributors looking at why it is that mathematical proof is given precedence over other forms of mathematical justification.
Incompleteness
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Author : Rebecca Goldstein
language : en
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Release Date : 2006-01-31
Incompleteness written by Rebecca Goldstein and has been published by W. W. Norton & Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-31 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
"An introduction to the life and thought of Kurt Gödel, who transformed our conception of math forever"--Provided by publisher.
Godel S Proof
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Author : Ernest Nagel
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2018-09-14
Godel S Proof written by Ernest Nagel and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-14 with Gödel's theorem categories.
In 1931 Kurt Gödel published his paper, "On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems." Gödel’s paper challenged certain basic assumptions underlying much research in mathematics and logic. However, few scholars were unable to understand Gödel’s ideas. Ernest Nagel and James Newman provide a readable and accessible explanation of the main ideas and broad implications of Gödel's discovery.
Kurt G Del And The Foundations Of Mathematics
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Author : Matthias Baaz
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-06-06
Kurt G Del And The Foundations Of Mathematics written by Matthias Baaz and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-06 with Mathematics categories.
This volume commemorates the life, work and foundational views of Kurt Gödel (1906–78), most famous for his hallmark works on the completeness of first-order logic, the incompleteness of number theory, and the consistency - with the other widely accepted axioms of set theory - of the axiom of choice and of the generalized continuum hypothesis. It explores current research, advances and ideas for future directions not only in the foundations of mathematics and logic, but also in the fields of computer science, artificial intelligence, physics, cosmology, philosophy, theology and the history of science. The discussion is supplemented by personal reflections from several scholars who knew Gödel personally, providing some interesting insights into his life. By putting his ideas and life's work into the context of current thinking and perceptions, this book will extend the impact of Gödel's fundamental work in mathematics, logic, philosophy and other disciplines for future generations of researchers.
G Del S Proof
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Author : Ernest Nagel
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2005
G Del S Proof written by Ernest Nagel and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Mathematics categories.
First Published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Goedel S Way
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Author : Gregory Chaitin
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2011-10-14
Goedel S Way written by Gregory Chaitin and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-14 with Mathematics categories.
Kurt Gödel (1906-1978) was an Austrian-American mathematician, who is best known for his incompleteness theorems. He was the greatest mathematical logician of the 20th century, with his contributions extending to Einstein’s general relativity, as he proved that Einstein’s theory allows for time machines. The Gödel incompleteness theorem - the usual formal mathematical systems cannot prove nor disprove all true mathematical sentences - is frequently presented in textbooks as something that happens in the rarefied realms of mathematical logic, and that has nothing to do with the real world. Practice shows the contrary though; one can demonstrate the validity of the phenomenon in various areas, ranging from chaos theory and physics to economics and even ecology. In this lively treatise, based on Chaitin’s groundbreaking work and on the da Costa-Doria results in physics, ecology, economics and computer science, the authors show that the Gödel incompleteness phenomenon can directly bear on the practice of science and perhaps on our everyday life. This accessible book gives a new, detailed and elementary explanation of the Gödel incompleteness theorems and presents the Chaitin results and their relation to the da Costa-Doria results, which are given in full, but with no technicalities. Besides theory, the historical report and personal stories about the main character and on this book’s writing process, make it appealing leisure reading for those interested in mathematics, logic, physics, philosophy and computer sciences. See also: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REy9noY5Sg8