Can Mathematics Be Proved Consistent
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Can Mathematics Be Proved Consistent
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Author : Jan von Plato
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-07-24
Can Mathematics Be Proved Consistent written by Jan von Plato and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-24 with Mathematics categories.
Kurt Gödel (1906–1978) shook the mathematical world in 1931 by a result that has become an icon of 20th century science: The search for rigour in proving mathematical theorems had led to the formalization of mathematical proofs, to the extent that such proving could be reduced to the application of a few mechanical rules. Gödel showed that whenever the part of mathematics under formalization contains elementary arithmetic, there will be arithmetical statements that should be formally provable but aren’t. The result is known as Gödel’s first incompleteness theorem, so called because there is a second incompleteness result, embodied in his answer to the question "Can mathematics be proved consistent?" This book offers the first examination of Gödel’s preserved notebooks from 1930, written in a long-forgotten German shorthand, that show his way to the results: his first ideas, how they evolved, and how the jewel-like final presentation in his famous publication On formally undecidable propositions was composed.The book also contains the original version of Gödel’s incompleteness article, as handed in for publication with no mentioning of the second incompleteness theorem, as well as six contemporary lectures and seminars Gödel gave between 1931 and 1934 in Austria, Germany, and the United States. The lectures are masterpieces of accessible presentations of deep scientific results, readable even for those without special mathematical training, and published here for the first time.
G Del S Proof
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Author : Ernest Nagel
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1989
G Del S Proof written by Ernest Nagel and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Gödel's theorem categories.
In 1931 the mathematical logician Kurt Godel published a revolutionary paper that challenged certain basic assumptions underpinning mathematics and logic. A colleague of Albert Einstein, his theorem proved that mathematics was partly based on propositions not provable within the mathematical system and had radical implications that have echoed throughout many fields. A gripping combination of science and accessibility, Godel’s Proofby Nagel and Newman is for both mathematicians and the idly curious, offering those with a taste for logic and philosophy the chance to satisfy their intellectual curiosity.
Incompleteness
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Author : Rebecca Goldstein
language : en
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Release Date : 2006-01-31
Incompleteness written by Rebecca Goldstein and has been published by W. W. Norton & Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-31 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
"An introduction to the life and thought of Kurt Gödel, who transformed our conception of math forever"--Provided by publisher.
G Del S Theorem
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Author : Torkel Franzén
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2005-06-06
G Del S Theorem written by Torkel Franzén and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-06-06 with Mathematics categories.
"Among the many expositions of Gödel's incompleteness theorems written for non-specialists, this book stands apart. With exceptional clarity, Franzén gives careful, non-technical explanations both of what those theorems say and, more importantly, what they do not. No other book aims, as his does, to address in detail the misunderstandings and abuses of the incompleteness theorems that are so rife in popular discussions of their significance. As an antidote to the many spurious appeals to incompleteness in theological, anti-mechanist and post-modernist debates, it is a valuable addition to the literature." --- John W. Dawson, author of Logical Dilemmas: The Life and Work of Kurt Gödel
Kurt G Del And The Foundations Of Mathematics
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Author : Matthias Baaz
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-06-06
Kurt G Del And The Foundations Of Mathematics written by Matthias Baaz and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-06 with Mathematics categories.
This volume commemorates the life, work and foundational views of Kurt Gödel (1906–78), most famous for his hallmark works on the completeness of first-order logic, the incompleteness of number theory, and the consistency - with the other widely accepted axioms of set theory - of the axiom of choice and of the generalized continuum hypothesis. It explores current research, advances and ideas for future directions not only in the foundations of mathematics and logic, but also in the fields of computer science, artificial intelligence, physics, cosmology, philosophy, theology and the history of science. The discussion is supplemented by personal reflections from several scholars who knew Gödel personally, providing some interesting insights into his life. By putting his ideas and life's work into the context of current thinking and perceptions, this book will extend the impact of Gödel's fundamental work in mathematics, logic, philosophy and other disciplines for future generations of researchers.
Principia Mathematica
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Author : Alfred North Whitehead
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1927
Principia Mathematica written by Alfred North Whitehead and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1927 with Mathematics categories.
The Principia Mathematica has long been recognised as one of the intellectual landmarks of the century.
In Contradiction
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Author : Graham Priest
language : en
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Release Date : 2006-02-16
In Contradiction written by Graham Priest and has been published by Clarendon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-02-16 with Philosophy categories.
In Contradiction advocates and defends the view that there are true contradictions (dialetheism), a view that flies in the face of orthodoxy in Western philosophy since Aristotle. The book has been at the centre of the controversies surrounding dialetheism ever since its first publication in 1987. This second edition of the book substantially expands upon the original in various ways, and also contains the author's reflections on developments over the last two decades. Further aspects of dialetheism are discussed in the companion volume, Doubt Truth to be a Liar, also published by Oxford University Press.
On Formally Undecidable Propositions Of Principia Mathematica And Related Systems
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Author : Kurt Gödel
language : en
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Release Date : 1992-01-01
On Formally Undecidable Propositions Of Principia Mathematica And Related Systems written by Kurt Gödel and has been published by Courier Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-01-01 with Mathematics categories.
In 1931, a young Austrian mathematician published an epoch-making paper containing one of the most revolutionary ideas in logic since Aristotle. Kurt Giidel maintained, and offered detailed proof, that in any arithmetic system, even in elementary parts of arithmetic, there are propositions which cannot be proved or disproved within the system. It is thus uncertain that the basic axioms of arithmetic will not give rise to contradictions. The repercussions of this discovery are still being felt and debated in 20th-century mathematics. The present volume reprints the first English translation of Giidel's far-reaching work. Not only does it make the argument more intelligible, but the introduction contributed by Professor R. B. Braithwaite (Cambridge University}, an excellent work of scholarship in its own right, illuminates it by paraphrasing the major part of the argument. This Dover edition thus makes widely available a superb edition of a classic work of original thought, one that will be of profound interest to mathematicians, logicians and anyone interested in the history of attempts to establish axioms that would provide a rigorous basis for all mathematics. Translated by B. Meltzer, University of Edinburgh. Preface. Introduction by R. B. Braithwaite.
Handbook Of Set Theoretic Topology
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Author : K. Kunen
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2014-06-28
Handbook Of Set Theoretic Topology written by K. Kunen and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-28 with Mathematics categories.
This Handbook is an introduction to set-theoretic topology for students in the field and for researchers in other areas for whom results in set-theoretic topology may be relevant. The aim of the editors has been to make it as self-contained as possible without repeating material which can easily be found in standard texts. The Handbook contains detailed proofs of core results, and references to the literature for peripheral results where space was insufficient. Included are many open problems of current interest.In general, the articles may be read in any order. In a few cases they occur in pairs, with the first one giving an elementary treatment of a subject and the second one more advanced results. These pairs are: Hodel and Juhász on cardinal functions; Roitman and Abraham-Todorčević on S- and L-spaces; Weiss and Baumgartner on versions of Martin's axiom; and Vaughan and Stephenson on compactness properties.
How To Prove It
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Author : Daniel J. Velleman
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2006-01-16
How To Prove It written by Daniel J. Velleman and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-16 with Mathematics categories.
Many students have trouble the first time they take a mathematics course in which proofs play a significant role. This new edition of Velleman's successful text will prepare students to make the transition from solving problems to proving theorems by teaching them the techniques needed to read and write proofs. The book begins with the basic concepts of logic and set theory, to familiarize students with the language of mathematics and how it is interpreted. These concepts are used as the basis for a step-by-step breakdown of the most important techniques used in constructing proofs. The author shows how complex proofs are built up from these smaller steps, using detailed 'scratch work' sections to expose the machinery of proofs about the natural numbers, relations, functions, and infinite sets. To give students the opportunity to construct their own proofs, this new edition contains over 200 new exercises, selected solutions, and an introduction to Proof Designer software. No background beyond standard high school mathematics is assumed. This book will be useful to anyone interested in logic and proofs: computer scientists, philosophers, linguists, and of course mathematicians.