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Cancer In Organ Transplant Recipients

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Cancer In Organ Transplant Recipients

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Author : Dietrich Schmähl
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Cancer In Organ Transplant Recipients written by Dietrich Schmähl and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

In about 5% of all organ (kidney, liver) transplant recipients, malignancies occur as a late complication of the massive immunosuppression. The malignancies are mainly skin cancers, lymphomas and renal carcinomas. The present book discusses the possible mechanisms of this type of tumorigenesis and inquires into possibilities of prevention. In particular, the described malignancies might be of viral origin. The book informs about a completely new type of carcinogenesis. Apart from the scientific aspects, it is of great practical value.

Skin Cancer After Organ Transplantation

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Author : Eggert Stockfleth
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-05-05

Skin Cancer After Organ Transplantation written by Eggert Stockfleth and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05-05 with Medical categories.

Organ transplantation has been performed for almost 40 years with steadily increasing success regarding long-time survival of the graft, as well as quality of life for the patient. However, graft tolerance only can be achieved via induction and maintenance of an impaired immunological surveillance. An increase of skin cancers as a consequence of the lowered cellular immunoresponse seems to parallel the overall increased long-time survival rate of organ transplant recipients. Against the background of chronic immunosuppression known risk factors like the amount of sun exposure prior and post transplantation, oncogenic viruses as well as the genetic background, and place of residence (latitude) are strongly related with the increased skin cancer incidence. The increasing incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer, paralleling a prolonged survival of patients after organ transplantation, represents a significant reason for morbidity and long-term morbidity in organ transplant recipients worldwide. The incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in liver-, kidney- and heart transplant recipients varies from 1.5 to 22 %, 2 to 24 % and 6 to 34 % after 5 years post transplant. Ultraviolet radiation as well as immunosuppressive therapy are crucial risk-factors regarding the induction and progression of skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation is related to the induction of DNA damage, as well as interference with Langerhans cell antigen presentation and a Th1 – Th2 shift induced via a release of IL-10. Whereas the overall duration of immunosuppression and the cumulative dosage applied are relevant parameters in the evaluation of an increased tumor risk, individual differences between specific immunosuppressive agents remain unclear. The workup of genetic as well as other unclear phenomenon like the reverse BCC/SCC ratio might shed some further light into the genesis and immunology of the non-melanoma skin cancer in general.

Cancer In Transplantation Prevention And Treatment

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Author : J.-L. Touraine
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Cancer In Transplantation Prevention And Treatment written by J.-L. Touraine and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

Malignancies are frequent complications in organ transplantation, mainly as the result of infection with certain viruses and of long-term immunosuppression. The epidemiology confirms that the increased incidence concerns certain cancers, especially HIV-related skin cancers and EBV-related lymphoproliferative malignancies. This book covers all currently available information on this important topic of the relationships between transplantation and malignancies: preexisting cancers, posttransplant cancers, their etiology and pathophysiology, their prevention and treatment. A significant part of the volume is devoted to prophylaxis, early detection and modern forms of therapy in posttransplant lymphomas. As a conclusion of all these new data, the theory of immunosurveillance deserves to be significantly modified.

Malignant Tumors In Organ Transplant Recipients

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Author : Israel Penn
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Malignant Tumors In Organ Transplant Recipients written by Israel Penn and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

There is a great deal of experimental work leading to the conclusion that immuno suppression of any kind increases susceptibility to clinical or viral carcinogenesis. Human epidemiology had already given some intimation of the abnormally high incidence of neoplasms in persons suffering from immunologic insufficiency. The first statistics on the incidence of cancer in organ transplant recipients tend to support this thesis. Transplantation can favor metastasis in a recipient who already has a malignancy; similarly, it can encourage the development of tumor cells which may be present in an organ transplanted from a cancerous donor; and finally, the frequency of lymphomas and carcinomas is higher in transplant recipients than in the general population. Immunodepression induced to facilitate tolerance clearly falls under suspicion on the basis of the experimental and clinical findings mentioned above. Anti-lymphocyte serum is not the only suspect-tumors have also occurred in patients treated with prednisone and Imuran alone. Now comes Dr. PENN'S monograph with a detailed account of these phenomena, together with an analysis and discussion. Clearly, induced carcinogenesis in man must be taken seriously. Not only must every precaution be taken in the screening of donor and recipient and the choice of immunosuppressive therapy in order to reduce it to the minimum, there is also the question whether the long-term immunosuppressive treatments inflicted upon patients in whom an auto-immune mechanism is thought to be the cause of the disease-treat ments whose efficacy is even more questionable than the mechanism-might not themselves be contributing to malignancy.

Dermatology And Solid Organ Transplantation

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Author : Nathalie C. Zeitouni
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2021-08-15

Dermatology And Solid Organ Transplantation written by Nathalie C. Zeitouni and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-15 with Medical categories.

This textbook brings together experts in the field of transplant dermatology to review both state of the art and practical knowledge regarding the clinical presentation and management of the various cutaneous diseases seen in patients with solid organ transplant. Practicing dermatologists, trainees, and other health care providers involved in the care of transplant patients can learn the current diagnostic and management options, and how to apply these guidelines and principles in their everyday practice.

Skin Cancer And Uv Radiation

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Author : Peter Altmeyer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Skin Cancer And Uv Radiation written by Peter Altmeyer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

UV radiation is recognized as the major risk factor for skin can cer. For the last three decades the incidence and mortality of skin cancer have been increasing steadily in almost all parts of the world. Unfortunately, there have been very few advances in the management and treatment of skin cancer. In comparison to other malignant tumors, skin cancer offers the unique opportuni ty to identify this tumor at an early stage. Thus, there is strong interest in preventing death by early diagnosis and prompt treat ment. The proceedings of the International Congress on Skin Cancer and UV Radiation which was held in Bochum Germany in October 1996, reflect the newest scientific standards in the field of skin cancer. The conference in Bochum was a platform for leading scientists from all over the world to discuss the complexity and diversity of UV radiation in its interaction with the skin. Starting with basic science like physiology, immunology, and molecular biochemistry of the skin as influenced by UV radiati on, the book presents a profound survey into the field of skin can cer by focusing on the latest scientific results in prevention, early detection, treatment, and epidemiology. The congress in Bochum in 1996 was organized to provide a starting point for coordinated European strategies against skin cancer with internationally renown scientists.

Skin Cancer After Organ Transplantation

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Author : Eggert Stockfleth
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2010-11-16

Skin Cancer After Organ Transplantation written by Eggert Stockfleth and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-16 with Medical categories.

Primary Care Of The Solid Organ Transplant Recipient

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Author : Christopher J. Wong
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-09-02

Primary Care Of The Solid Organ Transplant Recipient written by Christopher J. Wong and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-02 with Medical categories.

Solid organ transplantation offers a new chance at life to those suffering from failing organs. With these successes, however, comes the everyday management that is required to maintain health. The field of solid organ transplantation has become a part of medicine that generalists should be familiar with, as recipients are living longer and frequently returning to primary care for management. While specialists will still need to be involved with the care of solid organ transplant recipients on a life-long basis, many conditions will still need initial and often ongoing care by generalists, including infections, metabolic conditions, psychiatric illnesses, and malignancy. This book focuses on the care of adult solid organ transplant recipients, and is targeted at the level of the primary care provider. It begins with an introduction and overviews of solid organ transplantation and anti-rejection medications. It then delves into organ-specific chapters that provide the primary care provider with an overview of how to take care of patients with the most commonly-transplanted solid organs: kidney, kidney-pancreas, liver, heart, and lung. The final section focuses on specific complications that arise from transplantation including cancer, metabolic conditions, infections, and common presenting syndromes. Preventative health is also discussed, and the book concludes with a chapter on palliative care. Primary Care of the Solid Organ Transplant Recipient is a unique text that provides the reader with organ and complication-specific sections that can be independently read as they relate to the individual physicians and their patients. Written by experts in the field, this text is a valuable resource for primary care providers, medical students, residents and anyone involved in the care of solid organ transplant recipients.

Skin Disease In Organ Transplantation

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Author : Clark C. Otley
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2008-01-21

Skin Disease In Organ Transplantation written by Clark C. Otley and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-21 with Medical categories.

Skin disease is a serious long-term problem for the recipients of solid organ transplants. The potent systemic immunosuppression therapy necessary to sustain a life-saving solid organ transplant is associated with many adverse cutaneous effects, including significantly increased rates of cutaneous malignancies, difficult-to-treat cutaneous infections, and cutaneous adverse manifestations of multiple medications. This book is the first scholarly compilation of the knowledge base surrounding the care of solid organ transplant recipients with dermatologic diseases. Supplemented with dozens of full-color photographs, this work brings together decades of knowledge into a cohesive format and establishes transplant dermatology as an important subspecialty within the field of dermatology and transplant medicine. Skin Disease in Organ Transplantation is an outstanding resource for transplant providers and dermatologists to determine the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the difficult problems of cutaneous disease in organ transplant recipients.

Therapeutic Immunosuppression

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Author : A.W. Thomson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Therapeutic Immunosuppression written by A.W. Thomson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

Therapeutic immunosuppression has very broad applications in clinical medicine, ranging from prevention and treatment of organ and bone marrow transplant rejection, management of various autoimmune disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), skin disease, and asthma. Whereas traditionally only a small repertoire of immunosuppressive agents was available for clinical use, recent discoveries have significantly increased the number of approved agents, resulting in numerous trials to further evaluate their potential. In addition, products of the biotechnology industry - monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, cytokine antagonists, and other products of genetic engineering that target key molecular pathways in disease pathogenesis - have either already made, or are on the verge of making an important impact on treatment. There is also considerable interest in the potential of cell-based therapies (particularly hematopoietic stem and dendritic cell therapy) of allo- and autoimmunity. Important recent advances in the immunotherapy of allergic diseases are also covered in this book. Gene therapy offers considerable promise for suppressing pathogenic processes in either transplantation or autoimmune disorders. The possibility of combining these important new advances to maximize benefit to the patient, and to minimize possible untoward effects (which are also given extensive coverage in this book), is one of the most exciting challenges of contemporary medicine. This volume is intended both for practising physicians and surgeons and for biomedical scientists at the graduate/postdoctoral levels, and is designed to provide the theory behind these various approaches to immunosuppression, and to provide state-of-the-art reviews of current developments in each area. Each chapter is contributed by one or more experts in the field. There was a need to bring this information together in a single volume, as much of the key recent developments have been dispersed throughout the biomedical literature, largely in specialized journals. Since, as in the past, important developments in immunosuppressive therapy in one branch of medicine (i.e. transplantation) are likely to benefit another (e.g., dermatology, rheumatology, gastroenterology), cross-disciplinary coverage of the mechanistic basis of the various therapeutic strategies in a single volume is likely to convey the potential of advances in therapy in the most coherent manner possible.

Cancer In Organ Transplant Recipients

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