Carbon Nanothreads Materials
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Carbon Nanothreads Materials
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Author : Kim Meow Liew
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-03-18
Carbon Nanothreads Materials written by Kim Meow Liew and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book describes carbon nanothreads with complete and comprehensive knowledge covering theories, numerical methods, and properties comparisons with other carbon-based nanomaterials. For one thing, the main theoretical aspects in this book include: First-Principle Calculation, Density Functional Theory, Classical Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Non-equilibrium Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and Coarse Grained Simulation. For another thing, the main research contents include: Fundamental Mechanical Properties; Fracture Characteristics; Electronic and Magnetic Properties; Thermal Properties; Reinforcement in Polymer Composites; and other promising applications in engineering. The target of this book is to provide to many researchers the available theoretical and numerical methods, and useful computational results of carbon nanothreads for reference. This book can be used as a comprehensive source for scientists, academics, researchers, and engineers in various areas of engineering, physical sciences, and computational modeling. In order to achieve this target, the book introduces the microstructure information of carbon nanothreads and the modeling details at full length. The tunable mechanisms of physical properties of carbon nanothreads are discussed in detail, which enable integration of these nanoscale components into high-order structures for “bottom-up design” purpose. The revealed reinforced mechanisms of carbon nanothreads in polymer composites can provide theoretical guidance for engineering design of advanced polymer composites.
Design And Selective Synthesis Of Carbon Nanothreads And Their Exfoliation
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Author : Sikai Wu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Design And Selective Synthesis Of Carbon Nanothreads And Their Exfoliation written by Sikai Wu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Carbon nanothreads are a class of one-dimensional nanocarbons with sp3 diamond-like carbon backbone and hydrogenated surface. They possess mechanical strength on par with that of their sp2 counterparts, carbon nanotubes. The discovery of nanothreads through high-pressure polymerization of benzene has inspired the synthesis of a growing family of nanothread materials from various organic precursors. This presents a great opportunity in tuning the structures and properties of nanothreads, which will provide novel materials that combine high strength nanothread backbones and additional desirable functionalities. Chapter 1 introduces the discovery of nanothreads, their anticipated properties, and current progress in nanothread design. Chapter 2 presents how non-parallel molecular stacks in precursor crystals can produce nanothreads with unique carbon backbones. 1,2-difluorobenzene was used as a model system and investigated using in situ single-crystal diffraction. Upon reaction, both slipped molecular stacks and Y-shaped molecular stacks formed distinct nanothread products. With the help of reciprocal space analysis and structural modeling/simulation, evidence for a new nanothread backbone, named polymolane, was shown. Chapter 3 presents a simple cocrystal design strategy toward synthesis of conductive nanothreads, which is to utilize cocrystals made of two [pi] systems with mismatching sizes. The formation of nanothreads with a small bandgap (ca. 1 eV) and metallic transport characteristics was demonstrated by the compression of pyrene-1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene cocrystal. The product also exhibits an elastic modulus that rivals that of technical ceramics. Such performances in conductivity and mechanical strength are the best that have ever been experimentally measured in nanothread materials so far. Chapter 4 presents the investigation of scalability in nanothread synthesis with moderate heat (less than 300 °C). Heating experiments with several nanothread-forming precursors showed successful formation of nanothread products at a reduced reaction pressure. Especially, the reaction pressure for furan nanothreads was reduced from 15 GPa at room temperature to 8 GPa at 140 °C. Further reduction in reaction pressure could lead to large-scale synthesis of nanothread materials in large-volume presses, such as cubic presses that are used in the synthetic diamond industry. Chapter 5 presents the progress in the development of nanothread exfoliation/dispersion methods through my collaboration. Excitingly, by using alkali metal intercalation and dispersion method, it is demonstrated for the first time that as-synthesized nanothreads can be exfoliated into individual threads and very small bundles. This development will enable further investigation of intrinsic structures/properties of nanothreads and their applications.
Advanced Carbon Materials And Technology
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Author : Ashutosh Tiwari
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2014-01-28
Advanced Carbon Materials And Technology written by Ashutosh Tiwari and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The expansion of carbon materials is multidisciplinary and is related to physics, chemistry, biology, applied sciences and engineering. The research on carbon materials has mostly focused on aspects of fundamental physics as they unique electrical, thermal and mechanical properties applicable for the range of applications. The electrons in graphene and other derived carbon materials behave as dirac fermions due to their interaction with the ions of the lattice. This direction has led to the discovery of new phenomena such as Klein tunneling in carbon based solid state systems and the so-called half-integer quantum Hall effect. Advanced Carbon Materials and Technology presents cutting-edge chapters on the processing, properties and technological developments of graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, carbon particles and other carbon based structures including multifunctional graphene sheets, graphene quantum dots, bulky balls, carbon balls, and their polymer composites. This book brings together respected international scholars writing on the innovative methodologies and strategies adopted in carbon materials research area including Synthesis, characterization and functionalization of carbon nanotubes and graphene Surface modification of graphene Carbon based nanostructured materials Graphene and carbon nanotube based electrochemical (bio)sensors for environmental monitoring Carbon catalysts for hydrogen storage materials Optical carbon nanoobjects Graphene and carbon nanotube based biosensors Carbon doped cryogel films Bioimpact of carbon nanomaterials Photocatalytic nature of carbon nanotube based composites Engineering behavior of ash fills Fly ash syntactic foams microstructure
Chemical Reactivity Under Confinement
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Author : Steven Huss
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Chemical Reactivity Under Confinement written by Steven Huss and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Confining molecules in close proximity through encapsulation, porous materials, or high pressures can lead to intriguing chemistry, resulting in the formation of novel products, high product selectivity, and/or enhanced reaction rates that would otherwise be challenging to achieve under normal conditions. In this context, I have investigated two aspects of this concept: high pressures and confined polymer environments. By subjecting aromatic molecules to high pressures in their solid state, they are tightly confined in proximity. This high-pressure environment can trigger reactions and/or polymerization of the molecules' sp2 carbons, resulting in the formation of new sp3 carbon--carbon bonds. This effort is aimed towards the formation of well-ordered one-dimensional structures. Furthermore, I synthesized copolymers featuring photoredox-active cocatalytic groups. These copolymers facilitate the close proximity of cocatalysts through two distinct methods, enabling efficient interactions that would otherwise be restricted by diffusion limitations within the solvent. Carbon's pervasiveness in our daily lives stems from its remarkable ability to form diverse compounds and materials. Its strong covalent bonds with itself and other atoms, as well as its ability to exist in various orbital hybridizations allows for tailored structures with a wide range of properties, from mechanical strength to electrical conductivity. This versatility extends to organic molecules, plastics, electronics, and even distinct allotropes like diamond and graphene, etc. In 2015, our group reported on the synthesis of an atypical one-dimensional sp3 carbon nanostructure, termed nanothreads, through the high-pressure solid-state polymerization of molecular benzene. My initial research broadened the synthetic toolbox by including larger ring systems to create nanothreads. We investigated the high-pressure polymerization of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and characterized the resulting polymeric products. These PAH-derived nanothreads are predicted to possess improved mechanical properties due to increased number of carbon-carbon bonds in their cross-section. Experimental and computational results support the formation of PAH-derived nanothreads, improving our understanding of high-pressure polymerization and leading to a class of nanothreads with potentially superior mechanical properties. Nanothread syntheses typically require very high pressures, ranging from 18 to 25 GPa. However, it's well-known that these pressures pose challenges in scaling up production using equipment like the Paris-Edinburgh Press or Multi-Anvil Press. In light of this, we aimed to develop techniques to lower the necessary reaction pressure for creating nanothreads. To achieve this, we explored the use of less aromatic precursors. As these reactions typically involve the breaking of aromaticity of the precursor for polymerization to proceed, using a less aromatic precursor may reduce the activation barrier, and thus pressure for polymerization. Furan was chosen because of its lower aromatic character compared to benzene. Furan reacted at a reduced pressure compared to benzene and led to successful nanothread formation. We also investigated derivatives of furan, as well as other precursors, to understand functional group tolerance under high-pressure conditions and unlock new classes of nanothreads. Many organic syntheses are substantially accelerated or made possible in the first place by exposure to UV radiation. While light-mediated ring-opening metathesis polymerization, cationic polymerization, ring-opening polymerization, and radical polymerization have all been recently demonstrated to afford access to controlled 1D sp3- and sp2-rich polymer sequences, photochemical methods that access sp3-enriched nanothreads are limited and underexplored. To address this, we developed a method that utilizes broadband UV light to produce nanothreads from pyridine and furan precursors at high pressures. This method may further allow for production of nanothreads at lower pressures and realize new nanothread structures that the traditional thermal-mediated method may not allow. Cooperative catalysis enables synthetic transformations that are not feasible using monocatalytic systems. These reactions are often governed by diffusion and necessitate the collision of cocatalysts. Leveraging the constrained environment of a single-chain polymer nanoparticle, we developed a confined dual-catalytic polymer nanoreactor that enforces catalyst colocalization to enhance reactivity in a fully homogeneous system. Previously, we established the efficacy of this catalytic system, which features triarylpyrylium-based pendants and styrylpyrene as an electron relay catalyst and crosslinking group. This compartmentalized system facilitated the efficient light-activated catalysis of [2+2] cycloaddition reactions involving styrenic molecules. Building on this foundation, we broadened the scope of reactions. Notably, this system demonstrated its ability in catalyzing the oxidation of benzylic alcohols and the amidation of aryl aldehydes. Remarkably, in each instance, the single-chain nanoparticle system surpassed the performance of the small molecule catalyst counterparts, validating the effectiveness of the confined environment. The last research effort involved the synthesis of a copolymer bearing Ru(II) polypyridyl moieties and pyrene pendant groups, serving as cocatalysts for the C--H arylation of (hetero)aryl bromides with radical trapping reagents. While single-chain polymer nanoparticles rely on the crosslinking of a single polymer chain with itself, this polymer system relies on the aggregation of multiple polymer chains into a larger structure through the pi-pi interactions of pyrene. This system highlights the potential for tailored catalytic copolymers but also emphasizes the importance of intermolecular forces in designing polymer architectures for catalysis. Overall, the results described herein highlight the synthesis of a diverse array of PAH-derived nanothreads, a critical initial step towards potentially achieving nanothreads with superior strength. This work also presents design strategies and synthesis techniques for producing nanothreads under reduced pressures, as well as sheds some light on the use of various precursors/functionalities for nanothread synthesis. In the realm of cooperative catalysis, this thesis work expands on the interplay of photoredox catalysis and polymer chemistry with a future goal of designing a high-fidelity polymer catalyst.
21st Century Advanced Carbon Materials For Engineering Applications
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Author : Mujtaba Ikram
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2021-10-13
21st Century Advanced Carbon Materials For Engineering Applications written by Mujtaba Ikram and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-13 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Advanced carbon materials such as graphene, fullerenes, hierarchical carbon, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have exceptional physical properties, making them useful for several applications in fields ranging from energy and industry to electronics and drug delivery. This book includes comprehensive information on fabrication, emerging physical properties, and technological applications of advanced carbon materials. Over three sections, chapters cover such topics as advanced carbon materials in engineering, conjugation of graphene with other 2D materials, fabrication of CNTs and their use in tissue engineering and orthopaedics, and advanced carbon materials for sustainable applications, among others.
Carbon Based Smart Materials
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Author : Constantinos A. Charitidis
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2020-04-20
Carbon Based Smart Materials written by Constantinos A. Charitidis and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-20 with Science categories.
Presents technologies and key concepts to produce suitable smart materials and intelligent structures for sensing, information and communication technology, biomedical applications (drug delivery, hyperthermia therapy), self-healing, flexible memories and construction technologies. Novel developments of environmental friendly, cost-effective and scalable production processes are discussed by experts in the field.
Carbon Nanomaterials
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Author : Yury Gogotsi
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2006-06-20
Carbon Nanomaterials written by Yury Gogotsi and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-06-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.
First Self-Contained Source Entirely Dedicated to Nanocarbons Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) attract a good deal of attention for their electronic, mechanical, optical, and chemical characteristics. But nanostructured carbons are not limited to nanotubes and fullerenes-they also exist as nano-diamonds, fibers, cones, scrolls, whiskers, and grap
Carbon Fibers And Their Composite Materials
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Author : Luke Henderson
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2019-07-16
Carbon Fibers And Their Composite Materials written by Luke Henderson and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-16 with Science categories.
Carbon fiber is an oft-referenced material that serves as a means to remove mass from large transport infrastructure. Carbon fiber composites, typically plastics reinforced with the carbon fibers, are key materials in the 21st century and have already had a significant impact on reducing CO2 emissions. Though, as with any composite material, the interface where each component meets, in this case the fiber and plastic, is critical to the overall performance. This text summarizes recent efforts to manipulate and optimize the interfacial interaction between these dissimilar materials to improve overall performance.
Carbon Materials
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Author : Deborah D. L. Chung
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
Release Date : 2019
Carbon Materials written by Deborah D. L. Chung and has been published by World Scientific Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Carbon categories.
Elemental carbon materials take numerous forms, including graphite, graphene, carbon black, activated carbon, nanofibers and nanotubes. In spite of the basic similarity in the chemical bonding, these forms differ greatly in the structure, carbon layer ori
Carbon Molecules And Materials
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Author : Ralph Setton
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2002-04-11
Carbon Molecules And Materials written by Ralph Setton and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-04-11 with Science categories.
The unexpected recent discovery and synthesis of a new form of elemental carbon has initiated an abundance of papers on all aspects of the chemistry and physics of the carbon family. Carbon Molecules and Materials takes stock of the current understanding of these various solid forms and, more particularly, of the diamond, graphite and fullerenes. A