Categories And Processes In Language Acquisition
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Categories And Processes In Language Acquisition
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Author : Yonata Levy
language : en
Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Release Date : 1988
Categories And Processes In Language Acquisition written by Yonata Levy and has been published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Structure Building Processes And Functional Categories In Language Acquisition
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Author : Sixta Quaßdorf
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2003-10-07
Structure Building Processes And Functional Categories In Language Acquisition written by Sixta Quaßdorf and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-10-07 with Literary Collections categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: very good, University of Basel (English Seminar Basel), course: Language Acquisition and Universal Grammar, language: English, abstract: Language acquisition seems to be subject to a paradox like probably all matters connected with the human language: every-one acquires his or her first language with relative ease in a few years – it is a matter of course (except if disabilities or social deprivations obstruct this natural process) - but even the most learned scholars cannot offer a satisfactory and all-encompassing explanation about how this process works. A number of different approaches exists which can be subsumed under the headings "behaviourist", "interactionist", "nativist", "cognitivist" or the like1, and each of these major currents bifurcates into sub-theories which often enough seem to be incompatible with each other again. In this essay I am going to present and discuss two hypotheses of language acquisition which follow the generative approach, i.e. which presuppose the existence of an innate language acquisition device (LAD) helping us solve the task of acquiring the complicated linguistic system by providing a "ready-made" underlying fundamental structure, the Universal Grammar (UG). Accordingly Andrew Radford, and Harald Clahsen et al. assume that the rules of UG are with the child from the very beginning, yet that the final build-up of the internal grammatical structure is triggered by lexical learning processes. Radford identifies three major stages of developmental phases with children acquiring English syntax, whereas Clahsen et al., studying children acquiring German, find plausible explanations for the developmental process by a notion of underspecified functional categories. 1 cf. Crystal p. 234 f., Clahsen p. xv
Cognition And Language Growth
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Author : Sascha W. Felix
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2019-11-18
Cognition And Language Growth written by Sascha W. Felix and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-18 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Language acquisition is a human endeavor par excellence. As children, all human beings learn to understand and speak at least one language: their mother tongue. It is a process that seems to take place without any obvious effort. Second language learning, particularly among adults, causes more difficulty. The purpose of this series is to compile a collection of high-quality monographs on language acquisition. The series serves the needs of everyone who wants to know more about the problem of language acquisition in general and/or about language acquisition in specific contexts.
Language Acquisition And The Functional Category System
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Author : Peter Jordens
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Language Acquisition And The Functional Category System written by Peter Jordens and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Research on spontaneous language acquisition both in children learning their mother tongue and in adults learning a second language has shown that language development proceeds in a stagewise manner. Learner utterances are accounted for in terms of so-called 'learner languages'. Learner languages of both children and adults are language systems that are initially rather simple. The present monograph shows how these learner languages develop both in child L1 and in adult L2 Dutch. At the initial stage of both L1 and L2 Dutch, learner systems are lexical systems. This means that utterance structure is determined by the lexical projection of a predicate-argument structure, while the functional properties of the target language are absent. At some point in acquisition, this lexical-semantic system develops into a target-like system. With this target-like system, learners have reached a stage at which their language system has the morpho-syntactic features to express the functional properties of finiteness and topicality. Evidence of this is word order variation and the use of linguistic elements such as auxiliaries, tense, and agreement markers and determiners. Looking at this process of language acquisition from a functional point of view, the author focuses on questions such as the following. What is the driving force behind the process that causes learners to give up a simple lexical-semantic system in favour of a functional-pragmatic one? What is the added value of linguistic features such as the morpho-syntactic properties of inflection, word order variation, and definiteness?
Functional Categories In Learner Language
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Author : Christine Dimroth
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2009-12-15
Functional Categories In Learner Language written by Christine Dimroth and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Language acquisition is a developmental process. Research on spontaneous processes of both children learning their mother tongue and adults learning a second language has shown that particular stages of acquisition can be discriminated. Initially, learner utterances can be accounted for in terms of a language system that is relatively simple. In studies on second language acquisition this learner system is called the Basic Variety (Klein and Perdue 1997). Utterance structure of the Basic Variety is determined by a grammar which consists of lexical structures that are constrained, for example, by semantic principles such as "The NP-referent with highest control comes first" and a pragmatic principle such as "Focus expression last". At some point in acquisition this lexical-semantic system is given up in favour of a target-like system with morpho-syntactic features to express the functional properties of finiteness, topicality, the determiner system, etc. Insights into how this process evolves may also provide an answer to the question of why it takes place. Within this functional perspective on language acquisition research focuses on questions such as the following. 1. What is the driving force behind the process that causes learners to give up a simple lexical-semantic system in favour of a morpho-syntactic functional category system? 2. What is the added value of morpho-syntactic properties of inflection, word-order variation, definiteness and agreement? 3. Why is it that in cases of specific language impairment it is mainly morpho-syntactic properties of the target language that are affected?
Constraints On Language Acquisition
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Author : Helen Tager-Flusberg
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-02-25
Constraints On Language Acquisition written by Helen Tager-Flusberg and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-25 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
After decades of research most scholars generally agree that language acquisition is a complex and multifaceted process that involves the interaction of innate biologically-based mechanisms devoted to language, other non-linguistic cognitive and social mechanisms, linguistic input, and information about the social and physical world. Theoretical work in the field of language acquisition now needs to focus in greater depth and detail on some specific aspects of this general model, which is the main goal of this book. The chapters in this volume provide some new insights into one of the most remarkable accomplishments achieved by almost all children. The particular questions that are raised by contributors include: * What kinds of constraints operate on the process of language development? * Which aspects of the acquisition process depend on language-specific mechanisms? * Are there critical brain structures necessary for the acquisition of language? * What role do cognitive and social mechanisms play in language development? * How critical is perceptual input about the physical and social world? * What is the specific role played by linguistic input in the child's construction of a linguistic system? Questions are addressed from the perspective of children who come to the task of acquiring language with many hurdles to overcome, including deafness and blindness, mental retardation, autism, and prenatal or perinatal brain damage involving the left hemisphere. Each section contributes some insight on how an innate language-specific biological substrate interacts with cognitive and social factors, as well as external information, to support the child's construction of a linguistic system. Studies of atypical children offer a singular contribution to this enterprise by allowing us to see the specific influences of each component, and in turn, they shed new light on how all children are able to acquire language so effortlessly and during such a brief period of development.
The Acquisition Of Verb Placement
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Author : J. Meisel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Acquisition Of Verb Placement written by J. Meisel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
other aspects of developing grammars. And this is, indeed, what the contributions to this volume do. Parameterization of functional categories may, however, be understood in different ways, even if one shares the dual assumptions that substantive elements (verbs, nouns, etc. ) are present in all grammars and that X-bar principles are part of the grammatical knowledge available to the child prior to language-specific learning processes. From these assumptions it follows that the child should, from early on, be able to construct projections on the basis of these elements. The role of functional categories, however, may still be interpreted differently. One possibility, first suggested by Radford (1986, 1990) and by Guilfoyle and Noonan (1988), is that children must discover which functional categories (FC) need to be implemented in the grammar of the language they are acquiring. Another possibility, first explored by Hyams (1986), is that a specific category is present in developing grammars but that parameter values are set in a way deviating from the target adult grammar, corresponding, however, to options realized in other adult systems. A third option would be that these categories might be specified differently in developing as opposed to mature grammars. All three are explored in the papers collected in this volume. Before outlining the various hypotheses in more detail, however, I would like briefly to sketch the grammatical context in which the following debate is situated. 2.
The Crosslinguistic Study Of Language Acquisition
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Author : Dan Isaac Slobin
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-03-05
The Crosslinguistic Study Of Language Acquisition written by Dan Isaac Slobin and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-05 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In this final volume in the series, the contributors attempt to "expand the contexts" in which child language has been examined crosslinguistically. The chapters build on themes that have been touched on, anticipated, and promised in earlier volumes in the series. The study of child language has been situated in the disciplines of psychology and linguistics, and has been most responsive to dominant issues in those fields such as nativism and learning, comprehension and production, errors, input, and universals of morphology and syntax. The context has primarily been that of the individual child, interacting with a parent, and deciphering the linguistic code. The code has been generally treated in these volumes as a system of morphology and syntax, with little attention to phonology and prosody. Attention has been paid occasionally to the facts that the child is acquiring language in a sociocultural setting and that language is used in contexts of semantic and pragmatic communication. In addition, there has been a degree of attention paid to the interactions between language and cognition in the process of development. As for individual differences between children, they have been discussed in those studies where they could not be avoided, but such variation has rarely been the focus of systematic attention. Differences between individual languages have been of great interest, but these differences have not often been placed in a framework of systematic typological variation. And although languages and their grammars change over time, the focus of attention on the individual child learner has generally led to neglect of explanatory principles that are best found on the level of linguistic diachrony, rather than the level of innate ideas or patterns of learning and cognition in the individual child. The chapter authors seek to explore these neglected contexts in more depth.
Constructing A Language
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Author : Michael Tomasello
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003-05-19
Constructing A Language written by Michael Tomasello and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-05-19 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The author presents a comprehensive usage-based theory of language acquisition, based on eidence that children possess a linguistic ability interwoven with other cognitive abilities, rather than a self-contained 'language instinct'.
Investigating Second Language Acquisition
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Author : Josine A. Lalleman
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 1996
Investigating Second Language Acquisition written by Josine A. Lalleman and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The book concerns theoretical, interdisciplinary and methodological issues in L2 acquisition research. It gives an accurate and up-to-date overview of high quality work currently in progress in research methodology, processing, principles and parameters theory, phonology, the bilingual lexicon, input and instruction. The volume will have the purpose of a handbook for teachers, students and researchers in the area of second language acquisition. The aim is to provide the reader with an acquisition perspective on processes of second and foreign language learning.