Causal Connectives Have Presuppositions
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Causal Connectives Have Presuppositions
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Author : Luuk Lagerwerf
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Causal Connectives Have Presuppositions written by Luuk Lagerwerf and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Causation categories.
How To Express Yourself With A Causal Connective
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Author : Mirna Pit
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2022-03-07
How To Express Yourself With A Causal Connective written by Mirna Pit and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-07 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The Dutch, German and French languages display a variety of regularly used connectives all of which introduce causes, arguments or reasons, such as Dutch omdat, want and aangezien, German weil, denn and da, and French parce que, car and puisque. Why should languages have different connectives to express the notion of backward causality? The central argument developed in this book is that different connectives express different degrees of subjectivity. In a series of corpus analyses it is shown that the degree of subjectivity of the main participant involved in the causal relation strongly predicts the occurrence of one or another connective. Hence, language users have at their disposal connectives of varying degrees of subjectivity. In an analysis of judiciary sentences, it is revealed that speakers are actually sensitive of this semantic distinction, and sometimes even exploit it for their communicative purposes: in order to conceal their subjective involvement, judges prefer objective over subjective connectives. This volume makes a contribution to the study of language in use, by applying empirical methods to authentic language data. It will be of interest to anyone concerned with discourse coherence, perspective and subjectivity, corpus linguistics and cross-linguistic analyses.
Language And Memory
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Author : Hanna Pishwa
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2011-06-24
Language And Memory written by Hanna Pishwa and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-24 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume presents an entirely new, expanded cognitive view of language by examining linguistic structure and its use in communication from the point of view of memory, thus providing a novel way of analysing language. The fourteen chapters, authored by linguists and psychologists, show the need for such an approach and illustrate that the properties of numerous linguistic structures reflect those of memory in various ways. Many different methodologies are presented because of the interdisciplinary nature of the volume, without reducing the comprehensibility and comparability of the contributions. Core linguistic areas are discussed in the contributions embracing syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and discourse analysis; psychological aspects are restricted to memory systems and their properties. The introduction provides a concise overview of memory, and then three sections examine linguistic phenomena from various angles relating them to memory. In the first section, the contributions emphasize the issue of syntagmatic vs. paradigmatic organization in various linguistic phenomena with a focus on syntax and their locus in memory. The contributions in the second part investigate structures with non-fixed functions showing that they tend to be connected to a certain submemory sharing their features such as subjectivity and evaluation. The concern of the last section is discourse comprising coherence, evidentiality, politeness, and persuasion. The book should be stimulating for researchers and students of linguistic core areas as well as those occupied with developmental aspects and theoretical aspects of language. It also provides new insights into methods of analysis both in linguistics and in cognitive psychology. The individual chapters are comprehensible to linguists who have no background in psychology and to psychologists who have to background in linguistics.
Thinking Towards New Horizons
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Author : International Organization for the Study of the Old Testament. Congress
language : en
Publisher: Peter Lang
Release Date : 2008
Thinking Towards New Horizons written by International Organization for the Study of the Old Testament. Congress and has been published by Peter Lang this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Bible categories.
This volume presents recent international research results of Old Testament studies and related fields. The topics of the individual contributions vary widely and are concerned with exegetic and literary questions, historical and religious problems, as well as central questions of Theology of the Old Testament. In den Beiträgen dieses Bandes werden neueste Forschungsergebnisse dargelegt, die weltweit mit der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit am Alten Testament sowie in den mit ihm in Verbindung stehenden Wissenschaftsgebieten erzielt wurden. Die Themen der einzelnen Aufsätze sind breit gefächert; sie betreffen sowohl exegetische und literarische Fragen als auch historische und religionsgeschichtliche Probleme sowie zentrale Fragen der Theologie des Alten Testaments.
Text Representation
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Author : Ted Sanders
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2001-01-01
Text Representation written by Ted Sanders and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The chapters of this volume are all based on papers presented at the International workshop on text representation: Linguistic and psycholinguistic aspects, held at Utrecht University. The theme of this title is text representation, or more specifically the linguistic and psycholinguistic aspects thereof. Text representation is a cognitive entity: a mental construct that plays a crucial role in both text production and text understanding. In text production it is the basis for lexical retrieval and for producing and combining the discourse units. In text understanding it is the result of the decoding of the linguistic information in a discourse. This book characterizes a field of study in which the two disciplines, linguistics and psycholinguistics, are growing together.
Computing Meaning
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Author : Harry Bunt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-07-03
Computing Meaning written by Harry Bunt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-03 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book provides an in-depth view of the current issues, problems and approaches in the computation of meaning as expressed in language. Aimed at linguists, computer scientists, and logicians with an interest in the computation of meaning, this book focuses on two main topics in recent research in computational semantics. The first topic is the definition and use of underspecified semantic representations, i.e. formal structures that represent part of the meaning of a linguistic object while leaving other parts unspecified. The second topic discussed is semantic annotation. Annotated corpora have become an indispensable resource both for linguists and for developers of language and speech technology, especially when used in combination with machine learning methods. The annotation in corpora has only marginally addressed semantic information, however, since semantic annotation methodologies are still in their infancy. This book discusses the development and application of such methodologies.
Perspectives On Dialogue In The New Millennium
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Author : Peter Kühnlein
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2003
Perspectives On Dialogue In The New Millennium written by Peter Kühnlein and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The formal treatment of the semantics and pragmatics of dialogue became possible through a series of breakthroughs in foundational methodology. There is broad consensus on a couple of issues, like the fact that some variety of dynamic theory is necessary to capture certain characteristics of dialogue. Other matters still are disputed. This volume contains papers both of foundational and applied orientation. It is the result of one of a series of specialized Workshops on Formal Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue that took place in 2001. One can therefore truly say that it mirrors both the state of the art at the end of the past millennium and research strategies that are pursued at the beginning of the new millennium. The collected papers cover the range from philosophy of language to computer science, from the analysis of presupposition to investigations into corpora, and touches upon topics like the role of speech acts in dialogue or language specific phenomena. This broad coverage will make the volume valuable for students of dialogue from all fields of expertise.
Modality And Theory Of Mind Elements Across Languages
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Author : Werner Abraham
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2012-05-29
Modality And Theory Of Mind Elements Across Languages written by Werner Abraham and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-29 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Modality is the way a speaker modifies her declaratives and other speech acts to optimally assess the common ground of knowledge and belief of the addressee with the aim to optimally achieve understanding and an assessment of relevant information exchange. In languages such as German (and other Germanic languages outside of English), this may happen in covert terms. Main categories used for this purpose are modal adverbials ("modal particles") and modal verbs. Epistemic uses of modal verbs (like German sollen) cover evidential (reportative) information simultaneously providing the source of the information. Methodologically, description and explanation rest on Karl Bühler's concept of Origo as well as Roman Jakobson's concept of shifter. Typologically, East Asian languages such as Japanese pursue these semasiological fundaments far more closely than the European languages. In particular, Japanese has to mark the source of a statement in the declarative mode such that the reliability may be assessed by the hearer. The contributions in this collection provide insight into these modal techniques.
Computing Meaning
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Author : H. Bunt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Computing Meaning written by H. Bunt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book is a collection of papers written by outstanding researchers in the newly emerging field of computational semantics. Computational semantics is concerned with the computation of the meanings of linguistic objects such as text fragments, spoken dialogue utterances, and e-mail messages. The meaning of such an object is determined partly by linguistic information and partly by information from the context in which the object occurs. The information from these sources is combined by processes that infer which interpretation of the object applies in the given context. This applies not only to notoriously difficult aspects of interpreting linguistic objects, such as indexicals, anaphora, and metonymy, but also to establishing the precise reference of common nouns and the scopes of noun phrases. The central issue in computational semantics is how processes of finding and combining the relevant linguistic and contextual information into contextually appropriate meanings can be organised. Traditional approaches of applying context information to disambiguated natural language expressions do not work well, due to the massive ambiguity in natural language. Recent work in computational semantics suggests, alternatively, to represent linguistic semantic information in formal structures with underspecification, and to apply context information in inference processes that result in further specification of these representations. Underspecified representation and inference are therefore the key topics in this book. The book is aimed at those linguists, computer scientists, and logicians who take an interest in the computation of meaning, and who want to know what is happening in this exciting field of research.
Bibliographie Linguistique De L Annee 1999
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Author : Mark Janse
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003
Bibliographie Linguistique De L Annee 1999 written by Mark Janse and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Setting out the historical national and religious characteristics of the Italians as they impact on the integration within the European Union, this study makes note of the two characteristics that have an adverse effect on Italian national identity: cleavages between north and south and the dominant role of family. It discusses how for Italians family loyalty is stronger than any other allegiance, including feelings towards their country, their nation, or the EU. Due to such subnational allegiances and values, this book notes that Italian civic society is weaker and engagement at the grass roots is less robust than one finds in other democracies, leaving politics in Italy largely in the hands of political parties. The work concludes by noting that EU membership, however, provides no magic bullet for Italy: it cannot change internal cleavages, the Italian worldview, and family values or the country’s mafia-dominated power matrix, and as a result, the underlying absence of fidelity to a shared polity—Italian or European—leave the country as ungovernable as ever.