Causal Inference And The People S Health
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Causal Inference And The People S Health
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Author : Sharon Schwartz
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024-12-17
Causal Inference And The People S Health written by Sharon Schwartz and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-12-17 with Medical categories.
An essential introduction to concepts of causation and causal inference that explores how our definitions of causes in epidemiology influence how we go about finding them and estimating their effects. A key goal of epidemiologic research is to uncover the causes of diseases and other health-related outcomes. But exactly what we mean by a "cause" and what types of phenomena qualify as causes, differ across historical periods, and is a contentious topic. The causal status of social phenomena has been, and continues to be, particularly precarious. In Causal Inference and the People's Health, Sharon Schwartz and Seth J. Prins offer both a synthesis of the dominant school of thought around causality and propose an approach that keeps causal concepts as an organizing principle without marginalizing social phenomena. The authors examine the implications of the "Causal Revolution,"--introduced in epidemiology as the Potential Outcomes framework--which initiated a paradigm shift across the social sciences. As the authors show, this shift influences the questions we ask, the methods we use, the narratives we construct about our study results, and thus the knowledge we use to fight for the people's health. The guiding principle of the Causal Revolution is simple but profound: researchers should specify if their goal is description, prediction, or causation. In other words, researchers should declare their causal goals even for observational studies. This principle not only produced important innovations, but it also reignited debates about the definition of causation, the causal status of important social constructs like class and gender, and the role of manipulation or intervention in causal inference. Interrogating these debates and embracing causal questions that identify and explain etiologic processes, Causal Inference and the People's Health offers a path forward that expands causal inference to include social forces as causes of the people's health, and therefore reinvigorates epidemiology's historical role in targeting systems and structures for change.
Causal Inference And The People S Health
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Author : Sharon Schwartz
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024
Causal Inference And The People S Health written by Sharon Schwartz and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024 with Medical categories.
In Causality and the People's Health, Sharon Schwartz and Seth J. Prins offer both a synthesis of the dominant school of thought around social causality and propose a new approach that keeps causal concepts as an organizing principle without marginalizing social phenomena. This book explores how our definitions of causes in epidemiology influence how we go about finding them and estimating their effects. It examines debates about these issues, critiques inadequate attempts at their resolution, and offers a path forward--one that expands causal inference, and the purview of epidemiology, to include social forces as causes of the people's health.
Critical Epidemiology And The People S Health
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Author : Jaime Breilh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Critical Epidemiology And The People S Health written by Jaime Breilh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Medical categories.
How can we create a more rigorous and effective epidemiology? Critical Epidemiology and the People's Health invites readers to the next great paradigm in public health by promoting a progressive, transdisciplinary, intercultural, community-building approach--one that is radically divergent from the presiding object-based, empiricist mode of thinking.
Explanation In Causal Inference
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Author : Tyler VanderWeele
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2015-02-13
Explanation In Causal Inference written by Tyler VanderWeele and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-13 with Psychology categories.
The book provides an accessible but comprehensive overview of methods for mediation and interaction. There has been considerable and rapid methodological development on mediation and moderation/interaction analysis within the causal-inference literature over the last ten years. Much of this material appears in a variety of specialized journals, and some of the papers are quite technical. There has also been considerable interest in these developments from empirical researchers in the social and biomedical sciences. However, much of the material is not currently in a format that is accessible to them. The book closes these gaps by providing an accessible, comprehensive, book-length coverage of mediation. The book begins with a comprehensive introduction to mediation analysis, including chapters on concepts for mediation, regression-based methods, sensitivity analysis, time-to-event outcomes, methods for multiple mediators, methods for time-varying mediation and longitudinal data, and relations between mediation and other concepts involving intermediates such as surrogates, principal stratification, instrumental variables, and Mendelian randomization. The second part of the book concerns interaction or "moderation," including concepts for interaction, statistical interaction, confounding and interaction, mechanistic interaction, bias analysis for interaction, interaction in genetic studies, and power and sample-size calculation for interaction. The final part of the book provides comprehensive discussion about the relationships between mediation and interaction and unites these concepts within a single framework. This final part also provides an introduction to spillover effects or social interaction, concluding with a discussion of social-network analyses. The book is written to be accessible to anyone with a basic knowledge of statistics. Comprehensive appendices provide more technical details for the interested reader. Applied empirical examples from a variety of fields are given throughout. Software implementation in SAS, Stata, SPSS, and R is provided. The book should be accessible to students and researchers who have completed a first-year graduate sequence in quantitative methods in one of the social- or biomedical-sciences disciplines. The book will only presuppose familiarity with linear and logistic regression, and could potentially be used as an advanced undergraduate book as well.
Handbook Of Causal Analysis For Social Research
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Author : Stephen L. Morgan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-22
Handbook Of Causal Analysis For Social Research written by Stephen L. Morgan and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-22 with Social Science categories.
What constitutes a causal explanation, and must an explanation be causal? What warrants a causal inference, as opposed to a descriptive regularity? What techniques are available to detect when causal effects are present, and when can these techniques be used to identify the relative importance of these effects? What complications do the interactions of individuals create for these techniques? When can mixed methods of analysis be used to deepen causal accounts? Must causal claims include generative mechanisms, and how effective are empirical methods designed to discover them? The Handbook of Causal Analysis for Social Research tackles these questions with nineteen chapters from leading scholars in sociology, statistics, public health, computer science, and human development.
Epidemiology By Design
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Author : Daniel Westreich
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-10-16
Epidemiology By Design written by Daniel Westreich and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-16 with Medical categories.
A (LONG OVERDUE) CAUSAL APPROACH TO INTRODUCTORY EPIDEMIOLOGY Epidemiology is recognized as the science of public health, evidence-based medicine, and comparative effectiveness research. Causal inference is the theoretical foundation underlying all of the above. No introduction to epidemiology is complete without extensive discussion of causal inference; what's missing is a textbook that takes such an approach. Epidemiology by Design takes a causal approach to the foundations of traditional introductory epidemiology. Through an organizing principle of study designs, it teaches epidemiology through modern causal inference approaches, including potential outcomes, counterfactuals, and causal identification conditions. Coverage in this textbook includes: · Introduction to measures of prevalence and incidence (survival curves, risks, rates, odds) and measures of contrast (differences, ratios); the fundamentals of causal inference; and principles of diagnostic testing, screening, and surveillance · Description of three key study designs through the lens of causal inference: randomized trials, prospective observational cohort studies, and case-control studies · Discussion of internal validity (within a sample), external validity, and population impact: the foundations of an epidemiologic approach to implementation science For first-year graduate students and advanced undergraduates in epidemiology and public health fields more broadly, Epidemiology by Design offers a rigorous foundation in epidemiologic methods and an introduction to methods and thinking in causal inference. This new textbook will serve as a foundation not just for further study of the field, but as a head start on where the field is going.
Ecosocial Theory Embodied Truths And The People S Health
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Author : Nancy Krieger
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021
Ecosocial Theory Embodied Truths And The People S Health written by Nancy Krieger and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Law categories.
Drawing on an array of novel examples such as workplace discrimination, relationship abuse, Jim Crow, climate change, and pesticides, Nancy Krieger argues for a more expansive understanding of how humans biologically embody our societal and ecological contexts.
Epidemiology Matters
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Author : Katherine M. Keyes
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2014-10-01
Epidemiology Matters written by Katherine M. Keyes and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-01 with Medical categories.
Epidemiology Matters offers a new approach to understanding and identifying the causes of disease -- and with it, how to prevent disease and improve human health. Utilizing visual explanations and examples, this text provides an accessible, step-by-step introduction to the fundamentals of epidemiologic study, from design to analysis. Across fourteen chapters, Epidemiology Matters teaches the individual competencies that underlie the conduct of an epidemiologic study: identifying populations; measuring exposures and health indicators; taking a sample; estimating associations between exposures and health indicators; assessing evidence for causes working together; assessing internal and external validity of results. With its consequentialist approach -- designing epidemiologic studies that aim to inform our understanding, and therefore improve public health -- Epidemiology Matters is an introductory text for the next generation of students in medicine and public health.
Epidemiology And The People S Health
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Author : Nancy Krieger
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024
Epidemiology And The People S Health written by Nancy Krieger and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024 with Medical categories.
"Theory. Traced to its Greek roots, "theory" means to see inwards; to theorize is to use our mind's eye systematically, following articulated principles, to discern meaningful patterns among observations and ideas (Oxford English Dictionary [OED] 2022). The implication is that without theory, observation is blind and explanation is impossible"--
Statistical Methods For Dynamic Treatment Regimes
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Author : Bibhas Chakraborty
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-07-23
Statistical Methods For Dynamic Treatment Regimes written by Bibhas Chakraborty and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-23 with Medical categories.
Statistical Methods for Dynamic Treatment Regimes shares state of the art of statistical methods developed to address questions of estimation and inference for dynamic treatment regimes, a branch of personalized medicine. This volume demonstrates these methods with their conceptual underpinnings and illustration through analysis of real and simulated data. These methods are immediately applicable to the practice of personalized medicine, which is a medical paradigm that emphasizes the systematic use of individual patient information to optimize patient health care. This is the first single source to provide an overview of methodology and results gathered from journals, proceedings, and technical reports with the goal of orienting researchers to the field. The first chapter establishes context for the statistical reader in the landscape of personalized medicine. Readers need only have familiarity with elementary calculus, linear algebra, and basic large-sample theory to use this text. Throughout the text, authors direct readers to available code or packages in different statistical languages to facilitate implementation. In cases where code does not already exist, the authors provide analytic approaches in sufficient detail that any researcher with knowledge of statistical programming could implement the methods from scratch. This will be an important volume for a wide range of researchers, including statisticians, epidemiologists, medical researchers, and machine learning researchers interested in medical applications. Advanced graduate students in statistics and biostatistics will also find material in Statistical Methods for Dynamic Treatment Regimes to be a critical part of their studies.