Causal Reasoning
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The Oxford Handbook Of Causal Reasoning
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Author : Michael Waldmann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-03-30
The Oxford Handbook Of Causal Reasoning written by Michael Waldmann and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-30 with Psychology categories.
Causal reasoning is one of our most central cognitive competencies, enabling us to adapt to our world. Causal knowledge allows us to predict future events, or diagnose the causes of observed facts. We plan actions and solve problems using knowledge about cause-effect relations. Although causal reasoning is a component of most of our cognitive functions, it has been neglected in cognitive psychology for many decades. The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning offers a state-of-the-art review of the growing field, and its contribution to the world of cognitive science. The Handbook begins with an introduction of competing theories of causal learning and reasoning. In the next section, it presents research about basic cognitive functions involved in causal cognition, such as perception, categorization, argumentation, decision-making, and induction. The following section examines research on domains that embody causal relations, including intuitive physics, legal and moral reasoning, psychopathology, language, social cognition, and the roles of space and time. The final section presents research from neighboring fields that study developmental, phylogenetic, and cultural differences in causal cognition. The chapters, each written by renowned researchers in their field, fill in the gaps of many cognitive psychology textbooks, emphasizing the crucial role of causal structures in our everyday lives. This Handbook is an essential read for students and researchers of the cognitive sciences, including cognitive, developmental, social, comparative, and cross-cultural psychology; philosophy; methodology; statistics; artificial intelligence; and machine learning.
Causal Reasoning In Physics
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Author : Mathias Frisch
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2014-10-09
Causal Reasoning In Physics written by Mathias Frisch and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-09 with Mathematics categories.
This book argues, partly through detailed case studies, for the importance of causal reasoning in physics.
Causality
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Author : Judea Pearl
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2009-09-14
Causality written by Judea Pearl and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-14 with Computers categories.
Causality offers the first comprehensive coverage of causal analysis in many sciences, including recent advances using graphical methods. Pearl presents a unified account of the probabilistic, manipulative, counterfactual and structural approaches to causation, and devises simple mathematical tools for analyzing the relationships between causal connections, statistical associations, actions and observations. The book will open the way for including causal analysis in the standard curriculum of statistics, artificial intelligence ...
Constructing Science
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Author : Deena Skolnick Weisberg
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2022-09-20
Constructing Science written by Deena Skolnick Weisberg and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-20 with Psychology categories.
An examination of children’s causal reasoning capacities and how those capacities serve as the foundation of their scientific thinking. Young children have remarkable capacities for causal reasoning, which are part of the foundation of their scientific thinking abilities. In Constructing Science, Deena Weisberg and David Sobel trace the ways that young children’s sophisticated causal reasoning abilities combine with other cognitive, metacognitive, and social factors to develop into a more mature set of scientific thinking abilities. Conceptualizing scientific thinking as the suite of skills that allows people to generate hypotheses, solve problems, and explain aspects of the world, Weisberg and Sobel argue that understanding how this capacity develops can offer insights into how we can become a more scientifically literate society. Investigating the development of causal reasoning and how it sets the stage for scientific thinking in the elementary school years and beyond, Weisberg and Sobel outline a framework for understanding how children represent and learn causal knowledge and identify key variables that differ between causal reasoning and scientific thinking. They present empirical studies suggesting ways to bridge the gap between causal reasoning and scientific thinking, focusing on two factors: contextualization and metacognitive thinking abilities. Finally, they examine children’s explicit understanding of such concepts as science, learning, play, and teaching.
A Logical Theory Of Causality
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Author : Alexander Bochman
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2021-08-17
A Logical Theory Of Causality written by Alexander Bochman and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-17 with Computers categories.
A general formal theory of causal reasoning as a logical study of causal models, reasoning, and inference. In this book, Alexander Bochman presents a general formal theory of causal reasoning as a logical study of causal models, reasoning, and inference, basing it on a supposition that causal reasoning is not a competitor of logical reasoning but its complement for situations lacking logically sufficient data or knowledge. Bochman also explores the relationship of this theory with the popular structural equation approach to causality proposed by Judea Pearl and explores several applications ranging from artificial intelligence to legal theory, including abduction, counterfactuals, actual and proximate causality, dynamic causal models, and reasoning about action and change in artificial intelligence. As logical preparation, before introducing causal concepts, Bochman describes an alternative, situation-based semantics for classical logic that provides a better understanding of what can be captured by purely logical means. He then presents another prerequisite, outlining those parts of a general theory of nonmonotonic reasoning that are relevant to his own theory. These two components provide a logical background for the main, two-tier formalism of the causal calculus that serves as the formal basis of his theory. He presents the main causal formalism of the book as a natural generalization of classical logic that allows for causal reasoning. This provides a formal background for subsequent chapters. Finally, Bochman presents a generalization of causal reasoning to dynamic domains.
Causality And Causal Modelling In The Social Sciences
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Author : Federica Russo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-09-18
Causality And Causal Modelling In The Social Sciences written by Federica Russo and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-18 with Social Science categories.
This investigation into causal modelling presents the rationale of causality, i.e. the notion that guides causal reasoning in causal modelling. It is argued that causal models are regimented by a rationale of variation, nor of regularity neither invariance, thus breaking down the dominant Human paradigm. The notion of variation is shown to be embedded in the scheme of reasoning behind various causal models. It is also shown to be latent – yet fundamental – in many philosophical accounts. Moreover, it has significant consequences for methodological issues: the warranty of the causal interpretation of causal models, the levels of causation, the characterisation of mechanisms, and the interpretation of probability. This book offers a novel philosophical and methodological approach to causal reasoning in causal modelling and provides the reader with the tools to be up to date about various issues causality rises in social science.
Causal Reasoning
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Author : John Charles Francis
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1992
Causal Reasoning written by John Charles Francis and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Computers categories.
Synthesizes the causal reasoning used in artificial intelligence, and the traditional expert system approaches based on heuristic knowledge, thus providing a methodology for analyzing causal mechanisms in physical systems. The theoretical aspects might interest researchers in qualitative reasoning; engineers might be interested in applying the method to the development of reliable real-time software. Acidic paper. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Logic And Causal Reasoning
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Author : Jan Faye
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994-01-01
Logic And Causal Reasoning written by Jan Faye and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-01-01 with Causation categories.
This book is about causes, the knowledge we have of them, and the logic we use to think about them. Causality plays a fundamental role in our understanding of why things happen as they do. Causal knowledge is obtained from reasoning about the connections between scientific data and the connections between common–sense events. Thus, much of our knowlewdge of science and of daily life is about the causal structure in which events and our actions take place. Not only do we use such knowledge to guide ourselves effectively through life but also to construct various technologies. In recent years there has been a growing interest in applying formal logic to various forms of causal reasoning. This interest springs partly from the theoretical need to understand what we mean by causality and partly from the practical motivation of using such formalizations in the creation of artificial intelligence. The book contains papers reflecting both types of concerns.
A Primer To Causal Reasoning About A Complex World
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Author : Lars-Göran Johansson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date :
A Primer To Causal Reasoning About A Complex World written by Lars-Göran Johansson and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Causal Cognition In Humans And Machines
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Author : Andrew Tolmie
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-02-02
Causal Cognition In Humans And Machines written by Andrew Tolmie and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-02 with Science categories.