Causal Reasoning In Physics
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Causal Reasoning In Physics
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Author : Mathias Frisch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Causal Reasoning In Physics written by Mathias Frisch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Much has been written on the role of causal notions and causal reasoning in the so-called 'special sciences' and in common sense. But does causal reasoning also play a role in physics? Mathias Frisch argues that, contrary to what influential philosophical arguments purport to show, the answer is yes. Time-asymmetric causal structures are as integral a part of the representational toolkit of physics as a theory's dynamical equations. Frisch develops his argument partly through a critique of anti-causal arguments and partly through a detailed examination of actual examples of causal notions in physics, including causal principles invoked in linear response theory and in representations of radiation phenomena. Offering a new perspective on the nature of scientific theories and causal reasoning, this book will be of interest to professional philosophers, graduate students, and anyone interested in the role of causal thinking in science.
Causation Physics And The Constitution Of Reality
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Author : Huw Price
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2007
Causation Physics And The Constitution Of Reality written by Huw Price and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Philosophy categories.
The difference between cause and effect seems obvious and crucial in ordinary life, yet missing modern physics. Almost a century ago, Bertrand Russell called the law of causality 'a relic of a bygone age'. Scholars revisit Russell's conclusion, discussing one of the most significant and puzzling issues in contemporary thought.
Causal Reasoning In Physics
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Author : Mathias Frisch
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2014-10-09
Causal Reasoning In Physics written by Mathias Frisch and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-09 with Mathematics categories.
This book argues, partly through detailed case studies, for the importance of causal reasoning in physics.
An Investigation Of The Role Of Causal Reasoning Methods In Facilitating Conceptual Understanding Of College Students In Physics
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Author : Woei Hung
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
An Investigation Of The Role Of Causal Reasoning Methods In Facilitating Conceptual Understanding Of College Students In Physics written by Woei Hung and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Physics categories.
It is well documented that college students have difficulties in solving physics problems. Most researchers and educators agree that the students' difficulties largely result from a lack of conceptual understanding of the topic. This phenomenon is evident in students' tendencies to use formula-centered problem solving approaches, instead of approaching problems conceptually. The processes of conceptual learning in fact reflect the fundamental nature of the causal reasoning process. Thus, causal reasoning is essential to conceptual knowledge construction. The covariational approach and the mechanism-based approach are the two major causal reasoning methods of researching cause-effect phenomena. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different causal reasoning approaches on students' conceptual understanding of physics concepts. 125 college students enrolled in an introductory physics class were randomly assigned into a covariational group, mechanism-based group, and control group. The results showed that the mechanism-based group significantly outperformed the other two groups in solving conceptual rotational motion problems. However, no significant differences were found among the three groups in solving computational rotational motion problems. The educational implications drawn from these results include that students' utilization of qualitative problem solving methods, systems thinking skills, and causal reasoning models need to be enhanced in order for the mechanism-based approach to take full effect in helping students construct conceptual understanding and a framework of the concepts. Detailed analyses of the results and findings, alternative hypotheses, educational implications, limitations of the study, and recommendation for future studies are discussed.
Causality
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Author : Judea Pearl
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2009-09-14
Causality written by Judea Pearl and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-14 with Computers categories.
Causality offers the first comprehensive coverage of causal analysis in many sciences, including recent advances using graphical methods. Pearl presents a unified account of the probabilistic, manipulative, counterfactual and structural approaches to causation, and devises simple mathematical tools for analyzing the relationships between causal connections, statistical associations, actions and observations. The book will open the way for including causal analysis in the standard curriculum of statistics, artificial intelligence ...
Scientific Realism In Particle Physics
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Author : Matthias Egg
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2014-08-19
Scientific Realism In Particle Physics written by Matthias Egg and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-19 with Philosophy categories.
Particle physics studies highly complex processes which cannot be directly observed. Scientific realism claims that we are nevertheless warranted in believing that these processes really occur and that the objects involved in them really exist. This book defends a version of scientific realism, called causal realism, in the context of particle physics. The first part of the book introduces the central theses and arguments in the recent philosophical debate on scientific realism and discusses entity realism, which is the most important precursor of causal realism. It also argues against the view that the very debate on scientific realism is not worth pursuing at all. In the second part, causal realism is developed and the key distinction between two kinds of warrant for scientific claims is clarified. This distinction proves its usefulness in a case study analyzing the discovery of the neutrino. It is also shown to be effective against an influential kind of pessimism, according to which even our best present theories are likely to be replaced some day by radically distinct alternatives. The final part discusses some specific challenges posed to realism by quantum physics, such as non-locality, delayed choice and the absence of particles in relativistic quantum theories.
The Oxford Handbook Of Causal Reasoning
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Author : Michael Waldmann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017
The Oxford Handbook Of Causal Reasoning written by Michael Waldmann and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Psychology categories.
Causal reasoning is one of our most central cognitive competencies, enabling us to adapt to our world. Causal knowledge allows us to predict future events, or diagnose the causes of observed facts. We plan actions and solve problems using knowledge about cause-effect relations. Without our ability to discover and empirically test causal theories, we would not have made progress in various empirical sciences. The handbook brings together the leading researchers in the field of causal reasoning and offers state-of-the-art presentations of theories and research. It provides introductions of competing theories of causal reasoning, and discusses its role in various cognitive functions and domains. The final section presents research from neighboring fields.
Causality
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Author : Phyllis Illari
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2014-10-02
Causality written by Phyllis Illari and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-02 with Mathematics categories.
Head hits cause brain damage - but not always. Should we ban sport to protect athletes? Exposure to electromagnetic fields is strongly associated with cancer development - does that mean exposure causes cancer? Should we encourage old fashioned communication instead of mobile phones to reduce cancer rates? According to popular wisdom, the Mediterranean diet keeps you healthy. Is this belief scientifically sound? Should public health bodies encourage consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables? Severe financial constraints on research and public policy, media pressure, and public anxiety make such questions of immense current concern not just to philosophers but to scientists, governments, public bodies, and the general public. In the last decade there has been an explosion of theorizing about causality in philosophy, and also in the sciences. This literature is both fascinating and important, but it is involved and highly technical. This makes it inaccessible to many who would like to use it, philosophers and scientists alike. This book is an introduction to philosophy of causality - one that is highly accessible: to scientists unacquainted with philosophy, to philosophers unacquainted with science, and to anyone else lost in the labyrinth of philosophical theories of causality. It presents key philosophical accounts, concepts and methods, using examples from the sciences to show how to apply philosophical debates to scientific problems.
Thinking In Physics
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Author : Laurence Viennot
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2014-03-18
Thinking In Physics written by Laurence Viennot and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-18 with Science categories.
Read this book if you care about students really understanding physics and getting genuine intellectual satisfaction from doing so. Read it too if you fear that this goal is out of reach – you may be surprised! Laurence Viennot here shows ways to deal with the awkward fact that common sense thinking is often not the same as scientific thinking. She analyses examples of frequent and widespread errors and confusions, which provide a real eye-opener for the teacher. More than that, she shows ways to avoid and overcome them. The book argues against over-emphasis on “fun” applications, demonstrating that students also enjoy and value clear thinking. The book has three parts: • making sense of special scientific ways of reasoning (words, images, functions) • making connections between very different topics, each illuminating the other • simplifying, looking for consistency and avoiding incoherent over-simplification The book is enhanced with supplementary online materials that will allow readers to further expand their teaching or research interests and think about them more deeply.
The Oxford Handbook Of Causal Reasoning
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Author : Michael Waldmann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-03-30
The Oxford Handbook Of Causal Reasoning written by Michael Waldmann and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-30 with Psychology categories.
Causal reasoning is one of our most central cognitive competencies, enabling us to adapt to our world. Causal knowledge allows us to predict future events, or diagnose the causes of observed facts. We plan actions and solve problems using knowledge about cause-effect relations. Although causal reasoning is a component of most of our cognitive functions, it has been neglected in cognitive psychology for many decades. The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning offers a state-of-the-art review of the growing field, and its contribution to the world of cognitive science. The Handbook begins with an introduction of competing theories of causal learning and reasoning. In the next section, it presents research about basic cognitive functions involved in causal cognition, such as perception, categorization, argumentation, decision-making, and induction. The following section examines research on domains that embody causal relations, including intuitive physics, legal and moral reasoning, psychopathology, language, social cognition, and the roles of space and time. The final section presents research from neighboring fields that study developmental, phylogenetic, and cultural differences in causal cognition. The chapters, each written by renowned researchers in their field, fill in the gaps of many cognitive psychology textbooks, emphasizing the crucial role of causal structures in our everyday lives. This Handbook is an essential read for students and researchers of the cognitive sciences, including cognitive, developmental, social, comparative, and cross-cultural psychology; philosophy; methodology; statistics; artificial intelligence; and machine learning.
