Causation And Reasoning Constructions
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Causation And Reasoning Constructions
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Author : Masaru Kanetani
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Release Date : 2019-03-15
Causation And Reasoning Constructions written by Masaru Kanetani and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Causation and reasoning are different but related types of relationships. Both causal relations and reasoning processes may be expressed with one and the same connective word in some languages: English speakers use because and Japanese speakers use kara. How then are causation and reasoning processes related to and different from each other? How do we construe and encode them? How is because different from other conjunctions with similar meanings? To account for these and related empirical questions, this book presents an integrated analysis in accordance with the original principles of Construction Grammar. In particular, the book shows that the analysis proposed is compatible with our general knowledge about causation and reasoning and that it is valid for English and Japanese. The proposed analysis is also comprehensively applicable to a variety of related phenomena, ranging from the just because X doesn’t mean Y construction to the innovative and less known because X construction.
Causation In Grammatical Structures
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Author : Bridget Copley
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2014
Causation In Grammatical Structures written by Bridget Copley and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book brings together research on the topic of causation from experts in the fields of linguistics, philosophy, and psychology. It draws on data from a wide range of languages and seeks to arrive at a more sophisticated understanding of how causal concepts are expressed in causal meanings, and how those meanings are organized into structures.
Causality
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Author : Judea Pearl
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2009-09-14
Causality written by Judea Pearl and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-14 with Computers categories.
Causality offers the first comprehensive coverage of causal analysis in many sciences, including recent advances using graphical methods. Pearl presents a unified account of the probabilistic, manipulative, counterfactual and structural approaches to causation, and devises simple mathematical tools for analyzing the relationships between causal connections, statistical associations, actions and observations. The book will open the way for including causal analysis in the standard curriculum of statistics, artificial intelligence ...
The Oxford Handbook Of Causal Reasoning
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Author : Michael Waldmann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-03-30
The Oxford Handbook Of Causal Reasoning written by Michael Waldmann and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-30 with Psychology categories.
Causal reasoning is one of our most central cognitive competencies, enabling us to adapt to our world. Causal knowledge allows us to predict future events, or diagnose the causes of observed facts. We plan actions and solve problems using knowledge about cause-effect relations. Although causal reasoning is a component of most of our cognitive functions, it has been neglected in cognitive psychology for many decades. The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning offers a state-of-the-art review of the growing field, and its contribution to the world of cognitive science. The Handbook begins with an introduction of competing theories of causal learning and reasoning. In the next section, it presents research about basic cognitive functions involved in causal cognition, such as perception, categorization, argumentation, decision-making, and induction. The following section examines research on domains that embody causal relations, including intuitive physics, legal and moral reasoning, psychopathology, language, social cognition, and the roles of space and time. The final section presents research from neighboring fields that study developmental, phylogenetic, and cultural differences in causal cognition. The chapters, each written by renowned researchers in their field, fill in the gaps of many cognitive psychology textbooks, emphasizing the crucial role of causal structures in our everyday lives. This Handbook is an essential read for students and researchers of the cognitive sciences, including cognitive, developmental, social, comparative, and cross-cultural psychology; philosophy; methodology; statistics; artificial intelligence; and machine learning.
Perspectives On Causation
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Author : Elitzur A. Bar-Asher Siegal
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-07-27
Perspectives On Causation written by Elitzur A. Bar-Asher Siegal and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-27 with Philosophy categories.
This book explores relationships and maps out intersections between discussions on causation in three scientific disciplines: linguistics, philosophy, and psychology. The book is organized in five thematic parts, investigating connections between philosophical and linguistic studies of causation; presenting novel methodologies for studying the representation of causation; tackling central issues in syntactic and semantic representation of causal relations; and introducing recent advances in philosophical thinking on causation. Beyond its thematic organization, readers will find several recurring topics throughout this book, such as the attempt to reduce causality to other non-causal terms; causal pluralism vs. one all-encompassing account for causation; causal relations pertaining to the mental as opposed to the physical realm, and more. This collection also lays the foundation for questioning whether it is possible to evaluate available philosophical approaches to causation against the variety of linguistic phenomena ranging across diverse lexical and grammatical items, such as bound morphemes, prepositions, connectives, and verbs. Above all, it lays the groundwork for considering whether the fruits of the psychological-cognitive study of the perception of causal relations may contribute to linguistic and philosophical studies, and whether insights from linguistics can benefit the other two disciplines.
The Wiley Blackwell Handbook Of Childhood Cognitive Development
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Author : Usha Goswami
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-11-11
The Wiley Blackwell Handbook Of Childhood Cognitive Development written by Usha Goswami and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Psychology categories.
This definitive volume is the result of collaboration by top scholars in the field of children's cognition. New edition offers an up-to-date overview of all the major areas of importance in the field, and includes new data from cognitive neuroscience and new chapters on social cognitive development and language Provides state-of-the-art summaries of current research by international specialists in different areas of cognitive development Spans aspects of cognitive development from infancy to the onset of adolescence Includes chapters on symbolic reasoning, pretend play, spatial development, abnormal cognitive development and current theoretical perspectives
Content Based Foreign Language Teaching
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Author : Laurent Cammarata
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-02-26
Content Based Foreign Language Teaching written by Laurent Cammarata and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-26 with Education categories.
Pushing the field forward in critically important ways, this book offers clear curricular directions and pedagogical guidelines to transform foreign language classrooms into environments where stimulating intellectual curiosity and tapping critical thinking abilities are as important as developing students’ linguistic repertoires. The case is made for content-based instruction—an approach to making FL classrooms sites where intellectually stimulating explorations are the norm rather than the exception. The book explicitly describes in detail how teachers could and should use content-based instruction, explains how integration of content and language aims can be accomplished within a program, identifies essential strategies to support this curricular and pedagogical approach, discusses issues of assessment within this context, and more. Content-Based Foreign Language Teaching provides theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence for reforming curricula and instruction, describes models and curriculum planning strategies that support implementation of well-balanced FL programs, explores the transformative potential of critical pedagogy in the FL classroom, and offers illustrations of secondary and post-secondary language programs that have experimented with alternative approaches. Advancing alternatives to conventional curriculum design, this volume posits meaning-oriented approaches as necessary to create language programs that make a great difference in the overall educational lives of learners
The Construction Of Mental Representations During Reading
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Author : Herre van Oostendorp
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1998-11-01
The Construction Of Mental Representations During Reading written by Herre van Oostendorp and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-11-01 with Psychology categories.
This volume presents in-depth investigations of the processes of meaning-making during reading at both local (discourse) and global (general knowledge) levels. It considerably extends our knowledge of how mental representations are constructed and updated during reading. The book also provides insight into the process of representation construction by using online measures and relating this process with final memory representations; provides detailed models of these processes; pays attention to the coordination of multiple representations constructed; focuses on the monitoring and updating of mental representations; and applies all this knowledge to richer and more complicated texts than are often used in laboratories.
Delay And Disruption In Construction Contracts
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Author : Andrew Burr
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2016-02-05
Delay And Disruption In Construction Contracts written by Andrew Burr and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-05 with Law categories.
Delay and disruption in the course of construction impacts upon building projects of any scale. Now in its 5th edition Delay and Disruption in Construction Contracts continues to be the pre-eminent guide to these often complex and potentially costly issues and has been cited by the judiciary as a leading textbook in court decisions worldwide, see, for example, Mirant v Ove Arup [2007] EWHC 918 (TCC) at [122] to [135] per the late His Honour Judge Toulmin CMG QC. Whilst covering the manner in which delay and disruption should be considered at each stage of a construction project, from inception to completion and beyond, this book includes: An international team of specialist advisory editors, namely Francis Barber (insurance), Steve Briggs (time), Wolfgang Breyer (civil law), Joe Castellano (North America), David-John Gibbs (BIM), Wendy MacLaughlin (Pacific Rim), Chris Miers (dispute boards), Rob Palles-Clark (money), and Keith Pickavance Comparative analysis of the law in this field in Australia, Canada, England and Wales, Hong Kong, Ireland, New Zealand, the United States and in civil law jurisdictions Commentary upon, and comparison of, standard forms from Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, USA and elsewhere, including two major new forms New chapters on adjudication, dispute boards and the civil law dynamic Extensive coverage of Building Information Modelling New appendices on the SCL Protocol (Julian Bailey) and the choice of delay analysis methodologies (Nuhu Braimah) Updated case law (to December 2014), linked directly to the principles explained in the text, with over 100 helpful "Illustrations" Bespoke diagrams, which are available for digital download and aid explanation of multi-faceted issues This book addresses delay and disruption in a manner which is practical, useful and academically rigorous. As such, it remains an essential reference for any lawyer, dispute resolver, project manager, architect, engineer, contractor, or academic involved in the construction industry.
Construction Site For Possible Worlds
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Author : Amanda Beech
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2020-08-11
Construction Site For Possible Worlds written by Amanda Beech and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-11 with Philosophy categories.
Perspectives from philosophy, aesthetics, and art on how to envisage the construction site of possible worlds. Given the highly coercive and heavily surveilled dynamics of the present moment, when the tremendous pressures exerted by capital on contemporary life produces an aggressively normative “official reality,” the question of the construction of other possible worlds is crucial and perhaps more urgent than ever. This collection brings together different perspectives from the fields of philosophy, aesthetics, and art to discuss the mechanisms through which possible worlds are thought, constructed, and instantiated, forcefully seeking to overcome the contemporary moment's deficit of conceptualizing alternate realities—its apparent fear of imagining possible new and compelling futures—to begin the arduous task of producing the political dynamics necessary for actual construction. Implicit in this dynamic between the imaginary and the possible is the question of how thinking intertwines with both rationality and the inherited contingencies and structures of the world. With no ascertainable ground on which to build, with no confidence in any given that could guarantee our labors, how do we even envisage the construction site(s) of possible worlds, and with what kind of diagrams, tools, and languages can we bring them into being?