Central Cardiovascular Control
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Central Cardiovascular Control
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Author : D. Ganten
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Central Cardiovascular Control written by D. Ganten and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
The most prominent function of the central nervous system is the control of motor functions by rapidly transmitted impulses through efferent cranial and spinal peripheral nerves. Besides electrically transmitted neural impulses, humoral mechanisms with more sustained actions are exercised by the brain and spinal cord to regulate body homeostasis. Thus, the brain may be regarded as an "endocrine gland" discharging neurohormones (peptides) either into the general circulation (neurohypophyseal hormones) or into the hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal portal circulation (releasing and inhibiting hormones). The brain, therefore, which is protected by the blood-brain barrier from disturbing and potentially noxious exogenous and endogenous agents circulating in the blood, has to have certain neurohemal regions beyond this barrier, such as the neural lobe and the median eminence (infundibulum), where neurohor mones have free access to the blood stream. To regulate somatic and autonomic functions in the best possible way, the central nervous system is highly dependent on feedback signals conveyed through somatic and visceral afferent nerves as well as on peripheral humoral signals such as peripheral hormones and other circulating substances that are under homeostatic regulation, e. g. , peptides, arnines, electrolytes, and other biologically active agents. In this chapter, the role of the blood-brain barrier in the regulation of these sub stances will be discussed with special emphasis on the access through the blood-brain barrier to cardiovascular centers. 2 The Blood-Brain Barrier 2.
Central Cardiovascular Control
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Author : D. Ganten
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-01-16
Central Cardiovascular Control written by D. Ganten and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-16 with Medical categories.
The most prominent function of the central nervous system is the control of motor functions by rapidly transmitted impulses through efferent cranial and spinal peripheral nerves. Besides electrically transmitted neural impulses, humoral mechanisms with more sustained actions are exercised by the brain and spinal cord to regulate body homeostasis. Thus, the brain may be regarded as an "endocrine gland" discharging neurohormones (peptides) either into the general circulation (neurohypophyseal hormones) or into the hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal portal circulation (releasing and inhibiting hormones). The brain, therefore, which is protected by the blood-brain barrier from disturbing and potentially noxious exogenous and endogenous agents circulating in the blood, has to have certain neurohemal regions beyond this barrier, such as the neural lobe and the median eminence (infundibulum), where neurohor mones have free access to the blood stream. To regulate somatic and autonomic functions in the best possible way, the central nervous system is highly dependent on feedback signals conveyed through somatic and visceral afferent nerves as well as on peripheral humoral signals such as peripheral hormones and other circulating substances that are under homeostatic regulation, e. g. , peptides, arnines, electrolytes, and other biologically active agents. In this chapter, the role of the blood-brain barrier in the regulation of these sub stances will be discussed with special emphasis on the access through the blood-brain barrier to cardiovascular centers. 2 The Blood-Brain Barrier 2.
Central Cardiovascular And Respiratory Control New Techniques New Directions New Horizons
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Author : Vaughan G. Macefield
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-01-06
Central Cardiovascular And Respiratory Control New Techniques New Directions New Horizons written by Vaughan G. Macefield and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-06 with Science categories.
Human Cardiovascular Control
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Author : Loring B. Rowell
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 1993
Human Cardiovascular Control written by Loring B. Rowell and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Medical categories.
This new analysis of reflex and hormonal control of the human cardiovascular system developed from questions raised in Human Circulation: During Physical Stress (Rowell, 1986) and from recent findings. The goal is to help students, physiologists and clinicians understand the control of pressure, vascular volume, and blood flow by examining the cardiovascular system during orthostasis and exercise, two stresses that most affect these variables. A discussion of the passive physical properties of the vascular system provides a basis for explaining how vascular control is modified by mechanical, neural, and humoral factors. Interactive effects of the vasculature on cardiac performance are emphasized; they reveal the importance of autonomic control, supplemented by muscle pumping, in maintaining adequate ventricular filling pressure. The author's detailed analysis of how total oxygen consumption is restricted focuses on limitations in cardiac pumping ability, oxygen diffusion from lungs to blood and from blood to active muscle, oxidative metabolism and neural control of organ blood flow. An unsolved mystery is the nature of the signals that govern the cardiovascular responses to exercise. This is discussed in a new and critical synthesis of ideas and evidence concerning the "error signals" that are sensed and then corrected by activation of the autonomic nervous system during exercise.
The Central Neural Organization Of Cardiovascular Control
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Author : John Ciriello
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
The Central Neural Organization Of Cardiovascular Control written by John Ciriello and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with categories.
Central Interaction Between Respiratory And Cardiovascular Control Systems
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Author : H. P. Koepchen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Central Interaction Between Respiratory And Cardiovascular Control Systems written by H. P. Koepchen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
This book presents the proceedings of a satellite symposium of the XXVllth International Congress of IUPS held in Berlin, July 12-15, 1977 the latest of a series of meetings dealing with the organization of the autonomic nervous system, especially its central nervous control (Warsaw 1971, Tokyo 1974, Heidelberg 1976). This was an occasion for the discussion of the rapidly increasing experience of laboratories and research groups in a number of countries. Interest is growing in the organization of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve supplies, and there is much new material derived largely from single unit re cordings within both central and peripheral nervous structures. It has long been known that various rhythms originating in central ner vous structures, including the respiratory rhythm, are reflected in autonomic outflows. Moreover, the autonomic responses themselves rarely appear in isolation, and are usually seen as part of patterns of change involving a number of organs and systems. These facts alone imply com plex interactions within the central nervous system, which indicate that studies of relationships between the relevant inputs, intrinsic central nervous activity and autonomic outputs constitute a special branch of neurophysiology which needs to be developed in order to gain insights into the forms of central nervous organization which are in volved.
Reflex Control Of The Circulation
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Author : Irving H. Zucker
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-02-03
Reflex Control Of The Circulation written by Irving H. Zucker and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-03 with Medical categories.
Reflex Control of the Circulation presents an interdisciplinary discussion of concepts in the reflex control of circulation. This volume describes aspects of autonomic receptor physiology, central pathways of reflex control, the electrophysiology of cardiovascular afferents, the interaction between reflexes, the autonomic control of regional blood flows, the autonomic control of fluid and electrolyte balance, and neurohumoral control of the circulation through normal and pathological states (e.g., hypertension, congestive heart failure). In addition, the regulation of regional blood flow during exercise and developmental aspects of reflex control are examined. Any researcher interested in the autonomic system and its role in circulation will find this book fascinating reading.
Central And Peripheral Mechanisms Of Cardiovascular Regulation
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Author : Albert M. Magro
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1986-09-30
Central And Peripheral Mechanisms Of Cardiovascular Regulation written by Albert M. Magro and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-09-30 with Science categories.
There is increasing awareness that the autonomic nervous system, through its central and peripheral pathways, plays a critical role in the regulation of the circulation. Peripherally, the autonomic representation, largely that of sympathetic nerves, innervate virtually all segments of the vascular tree as well as the adrenal medulla. Through the interaction of nerve terminals, their transmitters, receptors and intracellular mediators in smooth muscle, sympathetic neurons control vascular tone as well as the basal performance of the heart. In turn, the performance of the autonomic nervous system is highly controlled by the brain. Once viewed as a black box with only a vague influence on cardiovascular performance, the introduction of concepts and techniques of neuroscience into the field of cardiovascular medicine has led to the realization of the critical role of this organ in cardiovascular control. It is now well recognized that within the brain, the represenation of cardiovascular function is highly restricted anatomically, engages a number of specific transmitters for its actions, and has highly selective and topographically restricted functions to influence circulatory performance.
Autonomic Failure
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Author : Roger Bannister
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 1983
Autonomic Failure written by Roger Bannister and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Life is a journey and we all have to go thru this progress. When I make wrong choices it was for a reason, it was for a purpose. I had to learn from it.I can not be ashamed of No one.I can not think that I am better then No One Else.I can not think less of No one Else.I can not talk about No One.Because My Father was not ashamed of Me.Because My Father did not think less of Me.Because My Father did not talk about my dirt or my sins to Anyone.Because My Father did not think that he was Better then me.HE ONLY LOVE ME
Neural Control Of Circulation
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Author : Maysie Hurnes
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Neural Control Of Circulation written by Maysie Hurnes and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Science categories.
Neural Control of Circulation presents an in-depth view of specialized areas in the neural regulation of the circulatory system that have been the subject of intensive research, the historical basis and theory from which those investigations evolved, and directions for future studies. Special emphasis is placed on critical evaluation of the experimental data in each field of research. This volume is comprised of seven chapters and begins with a synthesis of a large number of studies undertaken using conscious animals, particularly those that focuses on the behavioral and cerebral control of cardiovascular function. The second chapter explores the role of the brain stem and cerebellum in cardiovascular control. Next, specific research areas concerning bulbospinal control of sympathetic nerve discharge are discussed. This is followed by a chapter devoted to the nucleus tractus solitarii and experimental neurogenic hypertension. A concept in potential hypertensive mechanisms involving long-term transsynaptic regulation of adrenal medullary function is also described, and the neural control of the circulation during hypoxia is considered. Finally, aspects of central nervous system pharmacology and regulation of circulation are examined. This book is designed for individuals who are interested in the cardiovascular system and its function, and should also prove useful to students and researchers in physiology and individuals in other ancillary areas of bioscience.