Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation
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The Cerebral Circulation
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Author : Marilyn J. Cipolla
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2016-07-28
The Cerebral Circulation written by Marilyn J. Cipolla and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-28 with Medical categories.
This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation
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Author : Nodar Prokof'evich Mitagvariia
language : en
Publisher: Nova Biomedical Books
Release Date : 2009
Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation written by Nodar Prokof'evich Mitagvariia and has been published by Nova Biomedical Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Brain categories.
Studies of the mechanisms relating blood supply to the brain appeared to be, in some sense, at a deadlock. Despite extensive application of different methodical approaches, no qualitative progress has been observed in these studies at the present time. This is perhaps due to the traditional, but not understandable, separation of neurophysiological and "circulatory" studies. It may seem very paradoxical, but the study of cerebral blood circulation proceeds almost in complete isolation from the knowledge about brain functions and does not take into account the specificity of the working brain as a part of the whole body. This book comprehensively addresses the issues of blood flow regulation. It is well known that the brain belongs to the group of organs having a high level of oxygen consumption. Oxygen consumption by the brain is an average 4.6 ml per 100 g of tissue per minute. In humans, the level of oxygen consumption by the whole brain attains 46 ml/min. This makes up approximately 20% of the total oxygen volume consumed by the organism. Consequently, the cerebral tissue is characterised by highly energetic processes. There is evidence indicating that even in functionally resting conditions, 18% of the entire energy expenditure of the body is utilised by the brain Calculations made by Rushmer indicate that the intensity of energy consumption by the human brain appears to be on average 20 Watt.
Blood Pressure And Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation During Physiological Stress
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Author : Andrew George Pearson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Blood Pressure And Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation During Physiological Stress written by Andrew George Pearson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Regulation of blood pressure and cerebral blood flow is a complex, integrative process. At rest, blood pressure increases while cerebral blood flow decreases with advancing age. This divergent pattern is due, in part, to age-related changes in factors that contribute to and regulate blood pressure and cerebral blood flow. Elevations in blood pressure and declines in cerebral blood flow are associated with increased risk of disease and mortality. Additionally, as the population continues to age, the risk of age-related diseases increases. Yet, the majority of data indicating an increased risk of disease and mortality have been measured under resting conditions. As a result, age-related changes in blood pressure and cerebral blood flow regulation during physiological stress are poorly understood. Blood pressure and cerebral blood flow regulation during physiological stressors, indicative of activities of daily living, may reveal dysfunction in the vasculature prior to identification of quantifiable risk factors of disease and mortality. Measures of vascular responsiveness rather than resting measurements may be better at identifying individuals at risk of developing age-related diseases including cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, the studies included in this dissertation will be conducted in young, middle-aged, and older adults using physiological stressors of the cardiovascular and cerebral circulations. The following studies will 1) evaluate age-related differences in blood pressure and cerebral blood flow responses to acute cognitive challenges in young and older adults, 2) characterize and quantify cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to physiological stressors in cognitively unimpaired middle-aged and older adults, and 3) evaluate associations between cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to physiological stressors and white matter hyperintensity volume in cognitively unimpaired middle-aged and older adults.
Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation During Experimental Brain Compression
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Author : J. Douglas Miller
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation During Experimental Brain Compression written by J. Douglas Miller and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with categories.
The Regulation Of Cerebral Blood Flow
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Author : John W. Phillis
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1993-07-06
The Regulation Of Cerebral Blood Flow written by John W. Phillis and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-07-06 with Medical categories.
The Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow presents a comprehensive review of recent literature on the mechanisms by which cerebral blood flow is matched to the metabolic requirements of the brain. Topics covered include techniques for monitoring cerebral blood flow; the intrinsic properties of cerebral vascular smooth muscle fibers; the neuronal regulation of vascular tone; metabolic factors released by brain cells; and changes in cerebral blood flow regulation in the neonate and aged, diabetics, hypertensives, and migraineurs. The book will benefit neurologists, neurosurgeons, physiologists, pharmaceutical manufacturers, and others interested in this critical area of vascular function.
Cerebral Blood Flow In Acute Head Injury
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Author : Georg E. Cold
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Cerebral Blood Flow In Acute Head Injury written by Georg E. Cold and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
During the last decade a multitude of studies concerning the dynamic changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), and intracranial pressure (ICP) in the acute phase after head injury have been published. These studies have been supplemented with studies of cerebral autoregulation, CO2 reactivity and barbiturate reactivity. Other investigations include studies of cerebrospinal fluid pH, bicarbonate, lactate and pyruvate. In this book experimental and clinical studies of the dynamic changes in CBF, CMRO2, CO2 reactivity and barbiturate reactivity are reviewed. The author's own clinical studies of the dynamic changes in CBF and cerebral metabolism are summarized and discussed, and the therapeutical implication as regards the use of artificial hyperventilation, sedation with barbiturate and mannitol treatment are discussed.
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow
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Author : H. J. Gelmers
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow written by H. J. Gelmers and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Blood flow categories.
Brain And Blood Flow
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Author : Ralph William Ross Russell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
Brain And Blood Flow written by Ralph William Ross Russell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Medical categories.
Cerebral Blood Flow Methods For Measurement Regulation Effects Of Drugs And Changes In Disease
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Author : Jes Olesen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1974
Cerebral Blood Flow Methods For Measurement Regulation Effects Of Drugs And Changes In Disease written by Jes Olesen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with Blood categories.
Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation In The Human And In A Bovine Model
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Author : Suzanne Kunicki
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation In The Human And In A Bovine Model written by Suzanne Kunicki and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with categories.
"The role of perivascular nerve fibers, smooth muscle cells and endothelium in the regulation of human and bovine cerebral artery contractility was investigated in vitro and the effect of cold-storage on vessel function was determined. Stimulation of perivascular nerve endings over a range of transmural electric field stimulation produced frequency- and duration-dependent responses in arteries of both species. The pharmacological properties of the cerebral vessels were studied using 17 different vasoactive agents which acted directly on the smooth muscle and/or on the endothelium. Parallel studies on human and bovine vessels indicate that the cow may be a very useful source of tissue for further experimentation. Cold-storage of cerebral arteries did not significantly alter vessel viability or responsiveness to vasoactive compounds, although a reduction in sensitivity to transmural electric field stimulation in human middle and posterior arteries was observed." --