Challenges And Opportunities In Drugs Prevention
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Challenges And Opportunities In Drugs Prevention
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Author : United States. Department of Justice
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Challenges And Opportunities In Drugs Prevention written by United States. Department of Justice and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Drug abuse categories.
Challenges And Opportunities In Drug Prevention
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Author : Jean O'Neil
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990-04-01
Challenges And Opportunities In Drug Prevention written by Jean O'Neil and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-04-01 with categories.
Challenges To Social Experiments
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Author : Phyllis L. Ellickson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Challenges To Social Experiments written by Phyllis L. Ellickson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Drug abuse categories.
Evaluations of school-based drug prevention programs have been plagued by problems that limited the validity of their findings. These limitations pose clear challenges for current prevention research. This report describes how a recent multi-site experiment conducted in 30 junior high schools met several of those challenges, including evaluating the program in a variety of environments, achieving well-balanced experimental groups, implementing the program as designed, obtaining reliable outcome measures, and eliminating alternative explanations for the results. In most cases, multiple strategies were employed. Extensive analyses were conducted to assess how well the strategies worked; they indicated that each obstacle was overcome. This success implies several lessons for future experiments that are generally applicable to field studies conducted with schools and other organizations. Of particular importance are the guidelines for recruiting institutions from diverse communities and maintaining their cooperation over several years and the techniques for facilitating faithful program delivery and monitoring the implementation process. Recommended design and analysis features include using more than simple random assignment to achieve a balanced design, and employing control variables to rule out alternative explanations of the results--even under conditions of substantial pre-treatment equivalence.
Improving And Accelerating Therapeutic Development For Nervous System Disorders
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2014-02-06
Improving And Accelerating Therapeutic Development For Nervous System Disorders written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-06 with Medical categories.
Improving and Accelerating Therapeutic Development for Nervous System Disorders is the summary of a workshop convened by the IOM Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders to examine opportunities to accelerate early phases of drug development for nervous system drug discovery. Workshop participants discussed challenges in neuroscience research for enabling faster entry of potential treatments into first-in-human trials, explored how new and emerging tools and technologies may improve the efficiency of research, and considered mechanisms to facilitate a more effective and efficient development pipeline. There are several challenges to the current drug development pipeline for nervous system disorders. The fundamental etiology and pathophysiology of many nervous system disorders are unknown and the brain is inaccessible to study, making it difficult to develop accurate models. Patient heterogeneity is high, disease pathology can occur years to decades before becoming clinically apparent, and diagnostic and treatment biomarkers are lacking. In addition, the lack of validated targets, limitations related to the predictive validity of animal models - the extent to which the model predicts clinical efficacy - and regulatory barriers can also impede translation and drug development for nervous system disorders. Improving and Accelerating Therapeutic Development for Nervous System Disorders identifies avenues for moving directly from cellular models to human trials, minimizing the need for animal models to test efficacy, and discusses the potential benefits and risks of such an approach. This report is a timely discussion of opportunities to improve early drug development with a focus toward preclinical trials.
Facing Addiction In America
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Author : Office of the Surgeon General
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2017-08-15
Facing Addiction In America written by Office of the Surgeon General and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-15 with categories.
All across the United States, individuals, families, communities, and health care systems are struggling to cope with substance use, misuse, and substance use disorders. Substance misuse and substance use disorders have devastating effects, disrupt the future plans of too many young people, and all too often, end lives prematurely and tragically. Substance misuse is a major public health challenge and a priority for our nation to address. The effects of substance use are cumulative and costly for our society, placing burdens on workplaces, the health care system, families, states, and communities. The Report discusses opportunities to bring substance use disorder treatment and mainstream health care systems into alignment so that they can address a person's overall health, rather than a substance misuse or a physical health condition alone or in isolation. It also provides suggestions and recommendations for action that everyone-individuals, families, community leaders, law enforcement, health care professionals, policymakers, and researchers-can take to prevent substance misuse and reduce its consequences.
Preventing Drug Abuse
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1993-02-01
Preventing Drug Abuse written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-02-01 with Medical categories.
As the nation's drug crisis has deepened, public and private agencies have invested huge sums of money in prevention efforts. Are the resulting programs effective? What do we need to know to make them more effective? This book provides a comprehensive overview on what we know about drug abuse prevention and its effectiveness, including: Results of a wide range of antidrug efforts. The role and effectiveness of mass media in preventing drug use. A profile of the drug problem, including a look at drug use by different population groups. A review of three major schools of prevention theory-risk factor reduction, developmental change, and social influence. An examination of promising prevention techniques from other areas of health and human services. This volume offers provocative findings on the connection between low self-esteem and drug use, the role of schools, the reality of changing drug use in the population, and more. Preventing Drug Abuse will be indispensable to anyone involved in the search for solutions, including policymakers, anti-drug program developers and administrators, and researchers.
Ending Discrimination Against People With Mental And Substance Use Disorders
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2016-09-03
Ending Discrimination Against People With Mental And Substance Use Disorders written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-03 with Social Science categories.
Estimates indicate that as many as 1 in 4 Americans will experience a mental health problem or will misuse alcohol or drugs in their lifetimes. These disorders are among the most highly stigmatized health conditions in the United States, and they remain barriers to full participation in society in areas as basic as education, housing, and employment. Improving the lives of people with mental health and substance abuse disorders has been a priority in the United States for more than 50 years. The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 is considered a major turning point in America's efforts to improve behavioral healthcare. It ushered in an era of optimism and hope and laid the groundwork for the consumer movement and new models of recovery. The consumer movement gave voice to people with mental and substance use disorders and brought their perspectives and experience into national discussions about mental health. However over the same 50-year period, positive change in American public attitudes and beliefs about mental and substance use disorders has lagged behind these advances. Stigma is a complex social phenomenon based on a relationship between an attribute and a stereotype that assigns undesirable labels, qualities, and behaviors to a person with that attribute. Labeled individuals are then socially devalued, which leads to inequality and discrimination. This report contributes to national efforts to understand and change attitudes, beliefs and behaviors that can lead to stigma and discrimination. Changing stigma in a lasting way will require coordinated efforts, which are based on the best possible evidence, supported at the national level with multiyear funding, and planned and implemented by an effective coalition of representative stakeholders. Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders: The Evidence for Stigma Change explores stigma and discrimination faced by individuals with mental or substance use disorders and recommends effective strategies for reducing stigma and encouraging people to seek treatment and other supportive services. It offers a set of conclusions and recommendations about successful stigma change strategies and the research needed to inform and evaluate these efforts in the United States.
Treating Drug Problems
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Author : Committee for the Substance Abuse Coverage Study
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1992-01-01
Treating Drug Problems written by Committee for the Substance Abuse Coverage Study and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-01-01 with Medical categories.
Treating Drug Problems, Volume 2 presents a wealth of incisive and accessible information on the issue of drug abuse and treatment in America. Several papers lay bare the relationship between drug treatment and other aspects of drug policy, including a powerful overview of twentieth century narcotics use in America and a unique account of how the federal government has built and managed the drug treatment system from the 1960s to the present. Two papers focus on the criminal justice system. The remaining papers focus on Employer policies and practices toward illegal drugs. Patterns and cycles of cocaine use in subcultures and the popular culture. Drug treatment from a marketing, supply-and-demand perspective, including an analysis of policy options. Treating Drug Problems, Volume 2 provides important information to policy makers and administrators, drug treatment specialists, and researchers.
Improving The Quality Of Health Care For Mental And Substance Use Conditions
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2006-03-29
Improving The Quality Of Health Care For Mental And Substance Use Conditions written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-03-29 with Medical categories.
Each year, more than 33 million Americans receive health care for mental or substance-use conditions, or both. Together, mental and substance-use illnesses are the leading cause of death and disability for women, the highest for men ages 15-44, and the second highest for all men. Effective treatments exist, but services are frequently fragmented and, as with general health care, there are barriers that prevent many from receiving these treatments as designed or at all. The consequences of this are seriousâ€"for these individuals and their families; their employers and the workforce; for the nation's economy; as well as the education, welfare, and justice systems. Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance-Use Conditions examines the distinctive characteristics of health care for mental and substance-use conditions, including payment, benefit coverage, and regulatory issues, as well as health care organization and delivery issues. This new volume in the Quality Chasm series puts forth an agenda for improving the quality of this care based on this analysis. Patients and their families, primary health care providers, specialty mental health and substance-use treatment providers, health care organizations, health plans, purchasers of group health care, and all involved in health care for mental and substanceâ€"use conditions will benefit from this guide to achieving better care.
Bridging The Gap Between Practice And Research
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1998-08-11
Bridging The Gap Between Practice And Research written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-08-11 with Medical categories.
Today, most substance abuse treatment is administered by community-based organizations. If providers could readily incorporate the most recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of addiction and treatment, the treatment would be much more effective and efficient. The gap between research findings and everyday treatment practice represents an enormous missed opportunity at this exciting time in this field. Informed by real-life experiences in addiction treatment including workshops and site visits, Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research examines why research remains remote from treatment and makes specific recommendations to community providers, federal and state agencies, and other decision-makers. The book outlines concrete strategies for building and disseminating knowledge about addiction; for linking research, policy development, and everyday treatment implementation; and for helping drug treatment consumers become more informed advocates. In candid language, the committee discusses the policy barriers and the human attitudesâ€"the stigma, suspicion, and skepticismâ€"that often hinder progress in addiction treatment. The book identifies the obstacles to effective collaboration among the research, treatment, and policy sectors; evaluates models to address these barriers; and looks in detail at the issue from the perspective of the community-based provider and the researcher.