Chance And Structure
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Chance And Structure
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Author : John M. Vickers
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Chance And Structure written by John M. Vickers and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Mathematics categories.
Discussing the relations between logic and probability, this book compares classical 17th- and 18th-century theories of probability with contemporary theories, explores recent logical theories of probability, and offers a new account of probability as a part of logic.
The Almighty Chance
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Author : I?Akov Borisovich Zel?dovich
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1990
The Almighty Chance written by I?Akov Borisovich Zel?dovich and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Science categories.
This book is about the importance of random phenomena occurring in nature. Cases are selected in which randomness is most important or crucial, such as Brownian motion, certain reactions in Physical Chemistry and Biology, and intermittency in magnetic field generation by turbulent fluid motion, etc. Due to ?almighty chance? the structures can originate from chaos even in linear problems. This idea is complementary as well as competes with a basic concept of synergetics where structures appear mainly due to the pan-linear nature of phenomena. This book takes a new look at the problem of structure formation in random media, qualitative physical representation of modern conceptions, intermittency, fractals, percolation and many examples from different fields of science.
Truth Possibility And Probability
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Author : R. Chuaqui
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1991-06-20
Truth Possibility And Probability written by R. Chuaqui and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-06-20 with Mathematics categories.
Anyone involved in the philosophy of science is naturally drawn into the study of the foundations of probability. Different interpretations of probability, based on competing philosophical ideas, lead to different statistical techniques, and frequently to mutually contradictory consequences. This unique book presents a new interpretation of probability, rooted in the traditional interpretation that was current in the 17th and 18th centuries. Mathematical models are constructed based on this interpretation, and statistical inference and decision theory are applied, including some examples in artificial intelligence, solving the main foundational problems. Nonstandard analysis is extensively developed for the construction of the models and in some of the proofs. Many nonstandard theorems are proved, some of them new, in particular, a representation theorem that asserts that any stochastic process can be approximated by a process defined over a space with equiprobable outcomes.
Ignacio Uriarte Den Zufall Ordnen
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Author :
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Ignacio Uriarte Den Zufall Ordnen written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Tychomancy
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Author : Michael Strevens
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2013-06-03
Tychomancy written by Michael Strevens and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-03 with Science categories.
Tychomancy—meaning “the divination of chances”—presents a set of rules for inferring the physical probabilities of outcomes from the causal or dynamic properties of the systems that produce them. Probabilities revealed by the rules are wide-ranging: they include the probability of getting a 5 on a die roll, the probability distributions found in statistical physics, and the probabilities that underlie many prima facie judgments about fitness in evolutionary biology. Michael Strevens makes three claims about the rules. First, they are reliable. Second, they are known, though not fully consciously, to all human beings: they constitute a key part of the physical intuition that allows us to navigate around the world safely in the absence of formal scientific knowledge. Third, they have played a crucial but unrecognized role in several major scientific innovations. A large part of Tychomancy is devoted to this historical role for probability inference rules. Strevens first analyzes James Clerk Maxwell’s extraordinary, apparently a priori, deduction of the molecular velocity distribution in gases, which launched statistical physics. Maxwell did not derive his distribution from logic alone, Strevens proposes, but rather from probabilistic knowledge common to all human beings, even infants as young as six months old. Strevens then turns to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the statistics of measurement, and the creation of models of complex systems, contending in each case that these elements of science could not have emerged when or how they did without the ability to “eyeball” the values of physical probabilities.
Chance Calculation And Life
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Author : Thierry Gaudin
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2021-03-26
Chance Calculation And Life written by Thierry Gaudin and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-26 with Computers categories.
Chance, Calculation and Life brings together 16 original papers from the colloquium of the same name, organized by the International Cultural Center of Cerisy in 2019. From mathematics to the humanities and biology, there are many concepts and questions related to chance. What are the different types of chance? Does chance correspond to a lack of knowledge about the causes of events, or is there a truly intrinsic and irreducible chance? Does chance preside over our decisions? Does it govern evolution? Is it at the origin of life? What part do chance and necessity play in biology? This book answers these fundamental questions by bringing together the clear and richly documented contributions of mathematicians, physicists, biologists and philosophers who make this book an incomparable tool for work and reflection.
The Architecture Of Chance
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Author : Richard Lowry
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 1989
The Architecture Of Chance written by Richard Lowry and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Mathematics categories.
Undergraduate textbooks for statistics courses in the behavioral, biological, and social sciences must devote so much space to the nuts-and-bolts details of statistical methods that they have little left over for the larger conceptual framework of probability theory. This brief, lucid book fills the gap with its intelligible and in-depth explanation of probability, laid out step-by-step in a clear and congenial fashion. Even the student with little background in mathematics will find it readable and accessible.
Chance Encounters Probability In Education
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Author : Ramesh Kapadia
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1991-10-31
Chance Encounters Probability In Education written by Ramesh Kapadia and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-10-31 with Education categories.
This book has been written to fIll a substantial gap in the current literature in mathemat ical education. Throughout the world, school mathematical curricula have incorporated probability and statistics as new topics. There have been many research papers written on specifIc aspects of teaching, presenting novel and unusual approaches to introducing ideas in the classroom; however, there has been no book giving an overview. Here we have decided to focus on probability, making reference to inferential statistics where appropriate; we have deliberately avoided descriptive statistics as it is a separate area and would have made ideas less coherent and the book excessively long. A general lead has been taken from the fIrst book in this series written by the man who, probably more than everyone else, has established mathematical education as an aca demic discipline. However, in his exposition of didactical phenomenology, Freudenthal does not analyze probability. Thus, in this book, we show how probability is able to organize the world of chance and idealized chance phenomena based on its development and applications. In preparing these chapters we and our co-authors have reflected on our own acquisition of probabilistic ideas, analyzed textbooks, and observed and reflect ed upon the learning processes involved when children and adults struggle to acquire the relevant concepts.
Anti Chance
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Author : E. Schoffeniels
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2016-07-29
Anti Chance written by E. Schoffeniels and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-29 with Science categories.
Anti-Chance: A Reply to Monod's Chance and Necessity is a critique of Jacques Monod's essay on the natural philosophy of modern biology. It explores the concepts of chance and necessity, central themes of Monod's work, and specifically whether life is the result of coincidence of diverse independent chains of causality or, on the contrary, whether it obeys the more fundamental concept of chance as proposed by the Danish School of physicists. Questions such as the chance or the inevitability of it all, the sites and sizes of the knowledge gaps and as to whether they will be filled with physics and chemistry on the one hand or seasoned with metaphysics on the other, are examined. This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with reflections on biology and the argument that biology can only enrich itself by abandoning a teleological or finalist mode of thought. The discussion then turns to probabilities of chance, with emphasis on three different mechanisms of the intervention of chance. Subsequent chapters focus on the link between thermodynamics and biological order; the basis for a theoretical biology and 14 propositions to which the fundamental attributes of cells can be reduced; the molecular basis of instinct; and the relationship between speech and consciousness. The applicability of cybernetics to biological systems and their component metabolic cycles is also considered, along with the structure of chance. This monograph will be of interest to scientists in fields ranging from biology and natural philosophy to physics, chemistry, and physiology.
The Advanced Theory Of Language As Choice And Chance
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Author : Gustav Herdan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Advanced Theory Of Language As Choice And Chance written by Gustav Herdan and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In trying to give an account of the statistical properties of language, one is faced with the problem of having to find the common thread which would show the many and multifarious forms of language statistic- embodied in scattered papers written by linguists, philosophers, mathe maticians, engineers, each using his own professional idiom - as belong ing to one great whole: quantitative linguistics. This means that the investigator has to find the system of this branch of science which would enable him to arrange the vast material in an orderly fashion, and present it as an organic whole. Such a system is conceived in this book, as comprising the following disciplines as the four main branches of literary statistics: Statistical Linguistics, Stylostatistics, Optimal Systems of Language Structure, and Linguistic Duality (Parts I-IV). The Introduction is meant to define the position of the book with regard to both, linguistics and statistics.