Chances And Risks Of Free Trade Policies
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Chances And Risks Of Free Trade Policies
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Author : Philipp Rothe
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2020-08-13
Chances And Risks Of Free Trade Policies written by Philipp Rothe and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-13 with Business & Economics categories.
Academic Paper from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, , language: English, abstract: This paper examines the definition, history and status of free trade in the world today. In history a lot of countries acted in accordance with protectionist trade policies which means they had a lot of barriers, tariffs, and limits towards the trade with other countries. The aim was to protect their own economy. However, in today's world there is much more free trade which means "the buying and selling of goods, without limits on the amount of goods that one country can sell to another and without special taxes on the goods bought from a foreign country". The theory of free trade was first invented in 1776 by Adam Smith. And although it goes back to colonial times, free trade remained a theory for centuries. Ever since Adam Smith's concept of free trade, merchants tried to remove trade barriers between countries again and again. But especially during the industrialization period the countries used trade barriers to boost their economy. As late as after the second world war, the US for example started to lower import tariffs. The idea of lowering tariffs is that more trade takes place, countries can specialize economically in what they do best and afterwards exchange these products for goods that they don't produce most efficiently or that they don't have easily available. That in turn means the people are freer to choose their position in the economy, the worlds resources are used more efficient and the wealth of nations is growing. In a nutshell it means a country can compete in the global market by specializing to its fundamental economic strengths and by doing this increase economic growth. Some international institutions such as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade Organization (WTO) were founded to promote free trade in place of protectionism and so helped to build the world how it is today in terms of trading.
The World Trading System At Risk
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Author : Jagdish N. Bhagwati
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2014-07-14
The World Trading System At Risk written by Jagdish N. Bhagwati and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-14 with Business & Economics categories.
Jagdish Bhagwati, one of the world's leading economists, offers a fascinating overview of the perils and promise facing the world trading system. That system is now being subjected to powerful centrifugal forces. Concerns with unfair trade are rampant, managed trade is increasingly popular, and regionalism is spreading. The United States, the traditional bulwark of multilateralism, has recently resorted to aggressive, unilateral tactics in trade policy. To a consideration of these developments, Bhagwati brings a unique blend of economic theory, historical scholarship, and familiarity with the institutions of world trade. Bhagwati refutes facile but fashionable criticisms of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Warning of the dangers of flouting the GATT's provisions, he shows that its underlying conception of trading by rules will be undermined if we extend accusations of "unfair trade" practices to areas as diverse as retail distribution systems, infrastructure spending, saving rates, and workers' rights. He challenges the economic and cultural stereotypes of Japan that fuel the sentiments supporting managed trade and aggressive unilateralism. In addition, he provides novel suggestions for rebuilding the GATT and with it the world trading system itself--suggestions that should prove useful at the Uruguay Round and beyond. Originally published in 1991. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Methodology For Impact Assessment Of Free Trade Agreements
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Author : Michael G. Plummer
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2011-02-01
Methodology For Impact Assessment Of Free Trade Agreements written by Michael G. Plummer and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-01 with Political Science categories.
This publication displays the menu for choice of available methods to evaluate the impact of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). It caters mainly to policy makers from developing countries and aims to equip them with some economic knowledge and techniques that will enable them to conduct their own economic evaluation studies on existing or future FTAs, or to critically re-examine the results of impact assessment studies conducted by others, at the very least.
Incorporating Science Economics And Sociology In Developing Sanitary And Phytosanitary Standards In International Trade
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2000-05-31
Incorporating Science Economics And Sociology In Developing Sanitary And Phytosanitary Standards In International Trade written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-05-31 with Medical categories.
The rapid expansion of international trade has brought to the fore issues of conflicting national regulations in the area of plant, animal, and human health. These problems include the concern that regulations designed to protect health can also be used for protection of domestic producers against international competition. At a time when progressive tariff reform has opened up markets and facilitated trade, in part responding to consumer demands for access to a wide choice of products and services at reasonable prices, closer scrutiny of regulatory measures has become increasingly important. At the same time, there are clear differences among countries and cultures as to the types of risk citizens are willing to accept. The activities of this conference were based on the premise that risk analyses (i.e., risk assessment, management, and communication) are not exclusively the domain of the biological and natural sciences; the social sciences play a prominent role in describing how people in different contexts perceive and respond to risks. Any effort to manage sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) issues in international trade must integrate all the sciences to develop practices for risk assessment, management, and communication that recognize international diversity in culture, experience, and institutions. Uniform international standards can help, but no such norms are likely to be acceptable to all countries. Political and administrative structures also differ, causing differences in approaches and outcomes even when basic aims are compatible. Clearly there is considerable room for confusion and mistrust. The issue is how to balance the individual regulatory needs and approaches of countries with the goal of promoting freer trade. This issue arises not only for SPS standards but also in regard to regulations that affect other areas such as environmental quality, working conditions, and the exercise of intellectual property rights. This conference focused on these issues in the specific area of SPS measures. This area includes provisions to protect plant and animal health and life and, more generally, the environment, and regulations that protect humans from foodborne risks. The Society for Risk Analysis defines a risk as the potential for realization of unwanted, adverse consequences to human life, health, property, or the environment; estimation of risk is usually based on the expected value of the conditional probability of the event occurring times the consequence of the event given that it has occurred. The task of this conference and of this report was to elucidate the place of science, culture, politics, and economics in the design and implementation of SPS measures and in their international management. The goal was to explore the critical roles and the limitations of the biological and natural sciences and the social sciences, such as economics, sociology, anthropology, philosophy, and political science in the management of SPS issues and in judging whether particular SPS measures create unacceptable barriers to international trade. The conference's objective also was to consider the elements that would compose a multidisciplinary analytical framework for SPS decision making and needs for future research.
Trading With Favourites
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Author : Christopher Charles Findlay
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Trading With Favourites written by Christopher Charles Findlay and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Asia categories.
Navigating The Free Trade Fair Trade Fault Lines
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Author : Michael J. Trebilcock
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2021-03-26
Navigating The Free Trade Fair Trade Fault Lines written by Michael J. Trebilcock and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-26 with Law categories.
Is Free Trade desirable? Does it primarily benefit the wealthy? And what are its impacts on individual autonomy and human dignity? These are some of the fundamental questions that acclaimed trade law expert, Michael Trebilcock, sets out to answer in this pithy and insightful journey through the past, present and future of international trade agreements and trade policy.
Free Trade
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Author : L. Ian MacDonald
language : en
Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Release Date : 2000
Free Trade written by L. Ian MacDonald and has been published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Business & Economics categories.
Few public policy issues have stirred political passions on both sides of the Canada/US border as free trade did in the late 1980s. Negotiated between Canada and the United States in 1987, the Free Trade Agreement became the dominant issue in the November 1988 Canadian federal election, perhaps the most dramatic and divisive campaign in the second half of the twentieth century. Ten years after implementation of the agreement, the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada organized a major conference to renew the discussion of free trade and consider its economic impact. It also marked the fifth anniversary of the North American Free Trade Agreement by expanding the discussion to include the impact of NAFTA on Mexico, as well as the NAFTA side agreement on the environment.
Free Trade Agreements
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Author : Jeffrey J Schott
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2004-05-07
Free Trade Agreements written by Jeffrey J Schott and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-05-07 with Political Science categories.
In this conference volume, distinguished economists and trade policymakers address the US initiatives to enter into free trade negotiations with a broad range of countries in the Asia-Pacific region, the Western Hemisphere, and Africa. The sheer number of these initiatives is unprecedented and has provoked major policy questions concerning US interests in the negotiations, the setting of priorities among the many contenders for concluding free trade agreements (FTAs) with the United States, the objectives of those trading partners, and the implications that these agreements could have for broader initiatives such as the Doha Round in the World Trade Organization and the Free Trade Area of the Americas. The papers in the volume were presented during a conference on FTAs and US trade policy, sponsored by the Institute in May 2003. The editor, Jeffrey Schott, summarizes the policy implications drawn from the conference papers and discussions, which are organized around several topics: the conceptual case for FTAs and how they have worked in the past; what FTAs imply for the broader global system; the specific agreements that are already being pursued (Australia, Central America, Morocco, southern Africa) or considered (ASEAN, Brazil, Egypt, Korea, and Taiwan). The volume includes a technical appendix with results of GTAP and gravity model simulations of the trade and welfare effects of the prospective agreements.
Free Trade Agreements 20 Ways To Grow Your Business
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Author : Commerce Dept. (U.S.)
language : en
Publisher: Government Printing Office
Release Date : 2012-10-25
Free Trade Agreements 20 Ways To Grow Your Business written by Commerce Dept. (U.S.) and has been published by Government Printing Office this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-25 with Business & Economics categories.
Less than one percent of all U.S. businesses export, and of those that do, 56 percent sell to only one market. Business owners who do not export tell researchers that the reason for not exporting is that they are not confident choosing the best markets for their products and services, and that they are wary of risk. Free Trade Agreements: 20 Ways to Grow Your Business takes the mystery out of exporting by analyzing opportunities in country markets where the U.S. government has negotiated preferential access for U.S. companies. The book provides detailed information on best prospects, insights on the economic and political situation, tips on business culture, and free and low-cost assistance for entering each market. The book also describes how dramatically trade has grown as a result of the free trade agreements. Also included are case studies of smaller U.S. companies that have succeeded by targeting this group of countries which includes Canada and Mexico. Furthermore, new agreement partners, including Peru, South Korea, and Colombia, are explored. Written in plain language and illustrated with graphs and tables, this resource is the long-awaited handbook for entering and succeeding in new markets. Related products: Export/Import product collection can be found here:https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/business-finance/exporting-foreign-tra... Other products by the U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/271
North American Free Trade Agreement
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Author : Khosrow Fatemi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1993-10-15
North American Free Trade Agreement written by Khosrow Fatemi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-10-15 with Business & Economics categories.
This book is a collection of timely and detailed articles on the North American Free Trade Agreement written by experts in the field who examine the Canadian, US and Mexican points of view. The scholars provide an overview as well as their insights of how NAFTA impacts on macroeconomic issues, national perspectives and bilateral issues, cross-border and industry-specific issues and the environment. This book serves as an excellent primary source of information on many of the significant aspects of NAFTA.