Chantagem De Paix O

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Peace And War

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Author : Raymond Aron
language : en
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
Release Date : 2003

Peace And War written by Raymond Aron and has been published by Transaction Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Political Science categories.

Peace and War by Raymond Aron is one of the greatest books ever written on international relations. Aron's starting point is the state of nature that exists between nations, a condition that differs essentially from the civil state that holds within political communities. Ever keeping this brute fact about the life of nations in mind and ranging widely over political history and many disciplines, Aron develops the essential analytical tools to enable us to think clearly about the stakes and possibilities of international relations. In his first section, “Theory,” Aron shows that, while international relations can be mapped, and probabilities discerned, no closed, global “science” of international relations is anything more than a mirage. In the second part, “Sociology,” Aron studies the many ways various subpolitical forces influence foreign policy. He emphasizes that no rigorous determinism is at work: politics—and thus the need for prudent statesmanship—are inescapable in international relations. In part three, “History,” Aron offers a magisterial survey of the twentieth century. He looks at key developments that have had an impact on foreign policy and the emergence of what he calls “universal history,” which brings far-flung peoples into regular contact for the first time. In a final section, “Praxeology,” Aron articulates a normative theory of international relations that rejects both the bleak vision of the Machiavellians, who hold that any means are legitimate, and the naiveté of the idealists, who think foreign policy can be overcome. This new edition of Peace and War includes an informative introduction by Daniel J. Mahoney and Brian C. Anderson, situating Aron's thought in a new post-Cold War context, and evaluating his contribution to the study of politics and international relations.

The Success Of Open Source

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Author : Steve WEBER
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2009-06-30

The Success Of Open Source written by Steve WEBER and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-30 with Computers categories.

Much of the innovative programming that powers the Internet, creates operating systems, and produces software is the result of "open source" code, that is, code that is freely distributed--as opposed to being kept secret--by those who write it. Leaving source code open has generated some of the most sophisticated developments in computer technology, including, most notably, Linux and Apache, which pose a significant challenge to Microsoft in the marketplace. As Steven Weber discusses, open source's success in a highly competitive industry has subverted many assumptions about how businesses are run, and how intellectual products are created and protected. Traditionally, intellectual property law has allowed companies to control knowledge and has guarded the rights of the innovator, at the expense of industry-wide cooperation. In turn, engineers of new software code are richly rewarded; but, as Weber shows, in spite of the conventional wisdom that innovation is driven by the promise of individual and corporate wealth, ensuring the free distribution of code among computer programmers can empower a more effective process for building intellectual products. In the case of Open Source, independent programmers--sometimes hundreds or thousands of them--make unpaid contributions to software that develops organically, through trial and error. Weber argues that the success of open source is not a freakish exception to economic principles. The open source community is guided by standards, rules, decisionmaking procedures, and sanctioning mechanisms. Weber explains the political and economic dynamics of this mysterious but important market development. Table of Contents: Preface 1. Property and the Problem of Software 2. The Early History of Open Source 3. What Is Open Source and How Does It Work? 4. A Maturing Model of Production 5. Explaining Open Source: Microfoundations 6. Explaining Open Source: Macro-Organization 7. Business Models and the Law 8. The Code That Changed the World? Notes Index Reviews of this book: In the world of open-source software, true believers can be a fervent bunch. Linux, for example, may act as a credo as well as an operating system. But there is much substance beyond zealotry, says Steven Weber, the author of The Success of Open Source...An open-source operating system offers its source code up to be played with, extended, debugged, and otherwise tweaked in an orgy of user collaboration. The author traces the roots of that ethos and process in the early years of computers...He also analyzes the interface between open source and the worlds of business and law, as well as wider issues in the clash between hierarchical structures and networks, a subject with relevance beyond the software industry to the war on terrorism. --Nina C. Ayoub, Chronicle of Higher Education Reviews of this book: A valuable new account of the [open-source software] movement. --Edward Rothstein, New York Times We can blindly continue to develop, reward, protect, and organize around knowledge assets on the comfortable assumption that their traditional property rights remain inviolate. Or we can listen to Steven Weber and begin to make our peace with the uncomfortable fact that the very foundations of our familiar "knowledge as property" world have irrevocably shifted. --Alan Kantrow, Chief Knowledge Officer, Monitor Group Ever since the invention of agriculture, human beings have had only three social-engineering tools for organizing any large-scale division of labor: markets (and the carrots of material benefits they offer), hierarchies (and the sticks of punishment they impose), and charisma (and the promises of rapture they offer). Now there is the possibility of a fourth mode of effective social organization--one that we perhaps see in embryo in the creation and maintenance of open-source software. My Berkeley colleague Steven Weber's book is a brilliant exploration of this fascinating topic. --J. Bradford DeLong, Department of Economics, University of California at Berkeley Steven Weber has produced a significant, insightful book that is both smart and important. The most impressive achievement of this volume is that Weber has spent the time to learn and think about the technological, sociological, business, and legal perspectives related to open source. The Success of Open Source is timely and more thought provoking than almost anything I've come across in the past several years. It deserves careful reading by a wide audience. --Jonathan Aronson, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Southern California

The Neutral

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Author : Roland Barthes
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2005

The Neutral written by Roland Barthes and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Philosophy categories.

Lecture course at the College de France (1977-1978).

Empire De L Ph M Re

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Author : Gilles Lipovetsky
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2002-07-21

Empire De L Ph M Re written by Gilles Lipovetsky and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-07-21 with Business & Economics categories.

This text draws on the history of fashion to demonstrate that the modern cult of appearance and superficiality actually serves the common good. It argues that mass produced fashion offers many choices, which in turn enable consumers to become complex individuals within a consolidated society.

Um Precursor Da Justi A Social

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Author : Newton Carneiro
language : pt-BR
Publisher:
Release Date : 1965

Um Precursor Da Justi A Social written by Newton Carneiro and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1965 with Businessmen categories.

Public Health And Social Reforms In Portugal 1780 1805

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Author : Laurinda Abreu
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2017-06-23

Public Health And Social Reforms In Portugal 1780 1805 written by Laurinda Abreu and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-23 with History categories.

This monograph provides an innovative analysis of a unique period for social and public health policy in Portuguese history. With a firm basis in archival research, the book examines a lesser-known facet of one of the most fascinating and controversial figures in the late Ancien Regime in Portugal: Diogo Inácio de Pina Manique, the Intendant-General of Police from 1780 to 1805. By combining the resources of the Intendancy with those of the Casa Pia, an institution for welfare provision and social control that he set up just a month after being appointed, Pina Manique attempted to introduce a variety of projects designed to create a prosperous, healthy, well-educated, informed, clean and hard-working country less inclined to vice and immorality, in which the people would be obedient and the upper classes more magnanimous. One of his greatest achievements was perhaps to understand the link between ill health and poverty and therefore to regard public health as a key area of governance.

The Sultan S Virgin Bride

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Author : Sarah Morgan
language : en
Publisher: Harlequin
Release Date : 2007-06-01

The Sultan S Virgin Bride written by Sarah Morgan and has been published by Harlequin this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-06-01 with Fiction categories.

He’s the most eligible bachelor in the world. She’s the one who got away. “The sensual love scenes . . . will keep you turning the pages of this spicy book.” —RT Book Reviews Sultan Tariq bin Omar al-Sharma can have anything, and anyone, he wants. The one exception is heiress Farrah Tyndall, whom he lost after their passionate affair ended. Farrah was crushed when she discovered Tariq only wanted her in his bed. Five years on, Tariq’s business deal can only be secured by marrying Farrah. Now he must persuade her to love him once more. But as a prince of the desert, dare he mix business with pleasure?

Democracy In Social Movements

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Author : Donatella della Porta
language : en
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Release Date : 2009-07-31

Democracy In Social Movements written by Donatella della Porta and has been published by Palgrave Macmillan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07-31 with Social Science categories.

This collection explores conceptions and practices of democracy of social movement organizations involved in global protest. Focusing on the global justice movement this book shows how they adopt radical new democratic approaches and thus provide a fundamental critique of conventional politics.

60 Anos De Luta Ao Servi O Do Povo E Da P Tria 1921 1981

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Author : Partido Comunista Português
language : pt-BR
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982

60 Anos De Luta Ao Servi O Do Povo E Da P Tria 1921 1981 written by Partido Comunista Português and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Communism categories.

Patience

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Author : Lisa Valdez
language : en
Publisher: Penguin
Release Date : 2010-04-06

Patience written by Lisa Valdez and has been published by Penguin this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-06 with Fiction categories.

A woman called Patience. A desire that would put her name-and love-to the test. Known for her exceptional beauty, Patience Emmalina Dare fears she'll never find a man who touches her deeply-until she shares a passionate kiss with her enigmatic brother-in-law. But can she reconcile her desire for him with her desire for a life that's her own?