Characterization And Evaluation Of Sites For Deep Geological Disposal Of Radioactive Waste In Fractured Rocks
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Characterization And Evaluation Of Sites For Deep Geological Disposal Of Radioactive Waste In Fractured Rocks
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Author : Svensk kärnbränslehantering AB.
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Characterization And Evaluation Of Sites For Deep Geological Disposal Of Radioactive Waste In Fractured Rocks written by Svensk kärnbränslehantering AB. and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Geological repositories categories.
Characterization And Evaluation Of Sites For Deep Geological Disposal Of Radioactive Waste In Fractured Rocks Proceedings From The 3rd Aspo International Seminar Oskarshamn June 10 12 1998
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Characterization And Evaluation Of Sites For Deep Geological Disposal Of Radioactive Waste In Fractured Rocks Proceedings From The 3rd Aspo International Seminar Oskarshamn June 10 12 1998 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
Selection And Investigation Of Sites For The Disposal Of Radioactive Wastes In Hydraulically Induced Subsurface Fractures
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Author : Ren Jen Sun
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Selection And Investigation Of Sites For The Disposal Of Radioactive Wastes In Hydraulically Induced Subsurface Fractures written by Ren Jen Sun and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Nuclear facilities categories.
Injection of intermediate-level radioactive wastes (specific activity of less than 6 x 103γCi/mL, consisting mainly of radionuclides, such as strontium and cesium, having half-lives of less than 50 years) mixed with cement into a thick shale formation is a promising and feasible disposal method. Hydraulic fracturing provides openings in the shale to accommodate the wastes. Ion exchange and radionuclide-adsorption materials can be added to the grout during mixing to further increase the radionuclide-retaining capacity of the grout. After solidification of the grout, the injected wastes become an integral part of the shale formation, and therefore the wastes will remain at depth and in place as long as the injection zone is not subjected to erosion or dissolution. Problems concerning safety of the disposal method are (1) the potential for inducing vertical fractures, (2) phase separation during and after the injections, (3) the reliability of methods for determining the orientation of induced fractures, (4) the possibility of triggering earthquakes, and (5) radionuclides being leached and transported by ground water. In bedded shale, a difference between tensile strength normal to and that parallel to bedding planes favors the formation of fractures along bedding planes that are nearly horizontal. Even in areas where vertical stress is slightly greater than the horizontal stresses, nearly horizontal bedding-plane fractures can be hydraulically induced in shale at depths less than 1,000 meters. Test injections should be made during site evaluation to determine if horizontal bedding-plane fractures can be induced. The orientation of induced fractures can be indirectly monitored by recording injection pressures during injection time and by measuring the decay of water injections and the uplift of ground surface after the injections; however, it can be directly determined by gamma-ray logs made in observation wells before and after each injection, if the injected fluid or wastes contain enough gamma-ray emitting radionuclides. If waste grout is properly mixed, phase separation should be less than one percent of the total amount injected. The mobility of waste in the separated liquid is further decreased by the low permeability (less than 10−6 darcy) and the large ion-exchange and adsorption capacity of shale, which thus reduce the potential for contamination. Grout injections do not cause extensive increases in pore pressure within shale, and a disposal site should be located in a geologically stable and tectonically relaxed area, that is, an area lacking local active faults. Thus a disposal in shale in such areas can avoid the two necessary and essential conditions for triggering earthquakes by fluid injections, an increase in pore pressure and rock already stressed near its breaking strength. Waste injections are made in several stages at different levels through an injection well. After the first series of injections at the greatest depth, the well is plugged by cement at that depth. The second series of injections are made a suitable distance above the first. The repeated use of the injection well distributes the cost of constructing injection and monitoring wells over many injections, thereby making hydraulic fracturing and grout injection economically attractive as a method for the disposal of radioactive wastes. Theoretical considerations about inducing nearly horizontal beddingplane fractures in shale are discussed, as are field procedures for site selection, safety, and the monitoring and operation of radioactive waste disposal. Case histories are used as examples to demonstrate the application of the theory and techniques of field operations.
Site Investigations For Repositories For Solid Radioactive Wastes In Deep Continental Geological Formations
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher: Bernan Press(PA)
Release Date : 1982
Site Investigations For Repositories For Solid Radioactive Wastes In Deep Continental Geological Formations written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by Bernan Press(PA) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Radiation categories.
Geological Repository Systems For Safe Disposal Of Spent Nuclear Fuels And Radioactive Waste
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Author : Michael J Apted
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2017-05-25
Geological Repository Systems For Safe Disposal Of Spent Nuclear Fuels And Radioactive Waste written by Michael J Apted and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Geological Repository Systems for Safe Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuels and Radioactive Waste, Second Edition, critically reviews state-of-the-art technologies and scientific methods relating to the implementation of the most effective approaches to the long-term, safe disposition of nuclear waste, also discussing regulatory developments and social engagement approaches as major themes. Chapters in Part One introduce the topic of geological disposal, providing an overview of near-surface, intermediate depth, and deep borehole disposal, spanning low-, medium- and high-level wastes. Part Two addresses the different types of repository systems – crystalline, clay, and salt, also discussing methods of site surveying and construction. The critical safety issue of engineered barrier systems is the focus of Part Three, with coverage ranging from nuclear waste canisters, to buffer and backfill materials. Lastly, Parts Four and Five focus on safety, security, and acceptability, concentrating on repository performance assessment, then radiation protection, environmental monitoring, and social engagement. Comprehensively revised, updated, and expanded with 25% new material on topics of current importance, this is the standard reference for all nuclear waste management and geological repository professionals and researchers. Contains 25% more material on topics of current importance in this new, comprehensive edition Fully updated coverage of both near-surface/intermediate depth, and deep borehole disposal in one convenient volume Goes beyond the scientific and technical aspects of disposal to include the political, regulatory, and societal issues involved, all from an international perspective
Geologic And Hydrologic Characterization And Evaluation Of The Basin And Range Province Relative To The Disposal Of High Level Radioactive Waste
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Geologic And Hydrologic Characterization And Evaluation Of The Basin And Range Province Relative To The Disposal Of High Level Radioactive Waste written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Geology categories.
Scientific And Technical Basis For The Geological Disposal Of Radioactive Wastes
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Technical Reports Series
Release Date : 2003
Scientific And Technical Basis For The Geological Disposal Of Radioactive Wastes written by and has been published by Technical Reports Series this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Business & Economics categories.
This report focuses on the different functions of a repository within its life cycle and describes the processes relevant to the containment of long lived radioactive waste and other criteria influencing the long term integrity of the repository. It emphasizes the central role of safety and the importance of safety/performance assessments in the decision making process during repository development.
U S Geological Survey Research In Radioactive Waste Disposal
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
U S Geological Survey Research In Radioactive Waste Disposal written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Radioactive waste disposal in rivers, lakes, etc categories.
Site Characterization Progress Report
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Site Characterization Progress Report written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Radioactive waste disposal in the ground categories.
Predictive Geology
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Author : Ghislain De Marsily
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Predictive Geology written by Ghislain De Marsily and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Predictive Geology: With Emphasis on Nuclear-Waste Disposal covers the proceedings of papers presented at sessions sponsored by the International Association for Mathematical Geology. The topics that this book tackles are issues relevant to nuclear-waste disposal. The first chapter discusses the use of plate tectonics as a catastrophe theoretic model, and the second chapter covers geologic predictions and radioactive waste disposal. Chapter 3 also talks about radioactive waste disposal, with emphasis on the application of predictive geology. Chapter 4 discusses salt domes and Chapter 5 tackles the use of fault-tree analysis for probabilistic assessment of radioactive-waste segregation. The sixth chapter covers predictive geology in nuclear-waste management, while the seventh chapter tackles nuclear power on unstable ground. The eighth chapter deals with long-term thermohydrologic behavior of nuclear-waste repositories. Chapter 9 discusses the influence of faulting on groundwater flow and contaminant transport, while chapter 10 covers the influence of microfissures in crystalline rock on radionuclide migration. The eleventh chapter tackles the long-term prediction of the fate of nuclear waste deeply buried in granite, and the twelfth chapter talks about the use of quantitative evaluation of the contribution of geologic knowledge in exploration for petroleum. The last chapter deals with resource-estimation models and predicted discovery. Researchers and professionals concerned with the effects of radioactive materials to the environment will find this book a great source of information.