Characterizing The Role Of Endocytic Recycling In The Maintenance Of Polarity In The Caenorhabditis Elegans Embryo
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Characterizing The Role Of Endocytic Recycling In The Maintenance Of Polarity In The Caenorhabditis Elegans Embryo
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Characterizing The Role Of Endocytic Recycling In The Maintenance Of Polarity In The Caenorhabditis Elegans Embryo written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
In biology, the asymmetric localization of molecules or organelles within a single cell is crucial for the specification of cell types found in multicellular organisms. The mechanisms that polarize a cell are widely conserved. The PAR polarity complex and the small GTPase Cdc42 are regulate cellular polarity in embryos, neuronal cells and epithelial cells. A balance between endocytosis, recycling and lateral diffusion has been described as a key mechanism that stabilizes polarized protein localization. However, it remains poorly understood how exactly endocytosis and recycling could achieve this function in higher eukaryotic cells. In this dissertation, I have characterized an endocytic mechanism that participates in the maintenance of PAR asymmetry in the C. elegans embryo. C. elegans dynamin, DYN-1, localizes to cortical puncta that become enriched at the anterior half of the embryo, where endocytosis occurs primarily during maintenance phase. Depletion of DYN-1 significantly reduces the enrichment of endocytosis, and destabilization PAR and CDC-42 asymmetry during polarity maintenance phase is observed. I found that the anterior polarity cue, PAR-6, localizes to cytoplasmic puncta that emerge from the cortex into the cell from dynamin-rich sites. Taken together, this work suggests that dynamin-dependent endocytosis of polarity cues plays a role in stabilizing polarity during maintenance phase. In the subsequent study, I found that the Arp2/3 complex achieves both of these roles. Depletion of the ARX-2 specifically disrupts maintenance of actin and DYN-1 foci. Localizations of polarity cues are destabilized in a manner similar to that observed in dyn-1 RNAi-treated embryos. I do not observe disruptions in endocytosis, but do observe significantly larger early endosomes and accumulations of cytoplasmic PAR-6 in association with these endosomes. I suggest that I have uncovered an actin-dependent mechanism for the rapid recycling of internalized anterior polarity cues, and this contributes to the stable localization at the cortex. Together, my work has characterized a novel mechanism in which dynamin participates in the internalization of polarity cues, and Arp2/3-mediated actin dynamics appears to participate in the regulation of their sorting and recycling at the early endosome. Efficient function of these events contributes to the stabilization of cortical asymmetry.
Endocytosis In Plants
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Author : Jozef Šamaj
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-10-02
Endocytosis In Plants written by Jozef Šamaj and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-02 with Science categories.
Endocytosis is a fundamental cellular process by means of which cells internalize extracellular and plasma membrane cargos for recycling or degradation. It is important for the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity, subcellular signaling and uptake of nutrients into specialized cells, but also for plant cell interactions with pathogenic and symbiotic microbes. Endocytosis starts by vesicle formation at the plasma membrane and progresses through early and late endosomal compartments. In these endosomes cargo is sorted and it is either recycled back to the plasma membrane, or degraded in the lytic vacuole. This book presents an overview of our current knowledge of endocytosis in plants with a main focus on the key molecules undergoing and regulating endocytosis. It also provides up to date methodological approaches as well as principles of protein, structural lipid, sugar and microbe internalization in plant cells. The individual chapters describe clathrin-mediated and fluid-phase endocytosis, as well as flotillin-mediated endocytosis and internalization of microbes. The book was written for a broad spectrum of readers including students, teachers and researchers.
Germline Development
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Author : Joan Marsh
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 1994-08-16
Germline Development written by Joan Marsh and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-08-16 with Medical categories.
Connects classical cellular descriptive studies with more recent work on the molecular and genetic aspects regarding germline development. Prominent scientists discuss research on a range of organisms including insects, worms, birds, fish, amphibia, mammals and green algae. Specification of germ cells, their migration to the gonads and subsequent interactions with the soma and evolutionary factors of their segregation are among the topics covered.
Sorting And Recycling Endosomes
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2015-09-14
Sorting And Recycling Endosomes written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-14 with Science categories.
Sorting and Recycling Endosomes provides the latest information on endosomes, the receiving compartment for endocytosed cargos, and the donor compartment and sorting station for cargos designated to lysosomes, Golgi, or plasma membrane. In recent years, the importance of endosomes as a sorting and recycling compartment has become increasingly appreciated. As such, scientists from various fields of cell biology, membrane traffic, and beyond, see the needs to communicate and learn about the methods used to investigate the dynamics and functions of endosomes. This book brings together specialists from the field who contribute their expertise on a broad range of biomedical topics that will provide ideal reading for researchers interested in endosomal sorting and recycling. This volume covers the approaches necessary to study the key components that mediate the generation and transport of membrane-bounded carriers from the endosomes, and how membrane trafficking machinery is coordinated with cytoskeletons during these processes. In addition to studies carried out in mammalian cells, other model systems such as worm and yeast are also included. Provides the latest information on endosomes, the receiving compartment for endocytosed cargos, and the donor compartment and sorting station for cargos designated to lysosomes, Golgi, or plasma membrane. Covers an increasingly appreciated field in cell biology Includes both established and new technologies Brings together specialists from the field who contribute their expertise on a broad range of biomedical topics that will provide ideal reading for researchers interested in endosomal sorting and recycling
Extracellular And Intracellular Signaling
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Author : James D. Adams
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2011
Extracellular And Intracellular Signaling written by James D. Adams and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Medical categories.
Intracellular cell signaling is a well understood process. However, extracellular signals such as hormones, adipokines, cytokines and neurotransmitters are just as important but have been largely ignored in other works. Aimed at medical professionals and pharmaceutical specialists, this book integrates extracellular and intracellular signalling processes and offers a fresh perspective on new drug targets.
Cell Polarity 1
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Author : Klaus Ebnet
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-03-04
Cell Polarity 1 written by Klaus Ebnet and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-04 with Science categories.
This work provides a state-of-the art overview on the most relevant aspects of cell polarity. Volume 1 addresses cell polarity and cell migration (front-rear polarity), cell polarity and barrier formation (apico-basal polarity) and neuronal polarity. It particularly focuses on cell polarity at the molecular level and the underlying molecular mechanisms. It also elaborates the common principles and mechanisms that regulate cellular polarization in different cell types and contexts. Both volumes are intended for professors, group leaders and researchers in cell biology as well as medical professionals in the fields of anatomy, cell biology, physiology, pathology and tumor biology.
Hormone Metabolism And Signaling In Plants
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Author : Jiayang Li
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2017-04-19
Hormone Metabolism And Signaling In Plants written by Jiayang Li and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-19 with Science categories.
Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis and Mechanisms of Action is based on research funded by the Chinese government’s National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). This book brings a fresh understanding of hormone biology, particularly molecular mechanisms driving plant hormone actions. With growing understanding of hormone biology comes new outlooks on how mankind values and utilizes the built-in potential of plants for improvement of crops in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner. This book is a comprehensive description of all major plant hormones: how they are synthesized and catabolized; how they are perceived by plant cells; how they trigger signal transduction; how they regulate gene expression; how they regulate plant growth, development and defense responses; and how we measure plant hormones. This is an exciting time for researchers interested in plant hormones. Plants rely on a diverse set of small molecule hormones to regulate every aspect of their biological processes including development, growth, and adaptation. Since the discovery of the first plant hormone auxin, hormones have always been the frontiers of plant biology. Although the physiological functions of most plant hormones have been studied for decades, the last 15 to 20 years have seen a dramatic progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hormone actions. The publication of the whole genome sequences of the model systems of Arabidopsis and rice, together with the advent of multidisciplinary approaches has opened the door to successful experimentation on plant hormone actions. Offers a comprehensive description of all major plant hormones including the recently discovered strigolactones and several peptide hormones Contains a chapter describing how plant hormones regulate stem cells Offers a fresh understanding of hormone biology, particularly molecular mechanisms driving plant hormone actions Discusses the built-in potential of plants for improvement of crops in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner
Molecular Biology Of The Cell
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Molecular Biology Of The Cell written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Cells categories.
MBC online publishes papers that describe and interpret results of original research conserning the molecular aspects of cell structure and function.
Prominin 1 Cd133 New Insights On Stem Cancer Stem Cell Biology
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Author : Denis Corbeil
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-11-19
Prominin 1 Cd133 New Insights On Stem Cancer Stem Cell Biology written by Denis Corbeil and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-19 with Medical categories.
Prominin-1 or otherwise known as CD133 is a glycoprotein that is present in humans and mice. Since the first description of prominin in 1997, in mouse neuroepithelial cells and in human hematopoietic stem cells as AC133 antigen, this molecule has aroused a large interest especially, as a stem cell marker, that gave rise to an ever growing body of publications and more recently its expression in cancer stem cells. Controversies as to its role as a cancer stem and its detection in different models, as well as its use as a prognostic marker have emerged. Yet, beyond its use as a stem cell and cancer stem cell marker, prominin-1/CD133 displays unique biological features and appears of importance in other processes like for example in retinal biogenesis. Indeed, this five-transmembrane plasma membrane glycoprotein, which marks membrane protrusions is associated with several essential processes like cell polarity, asymmetric cell division and membrane remodeling. We propose to review current knowledge about this intriguing molecule and present pertinent information to determine the biological role of prominins and assess their importance in medicine and cancer research. The primary audience for this book is geared towards scientists and researchers with interest in cancer stem cells, stem cells, cell biology, neurobiology, and regenerative medicine.
Primary Cilia
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2009-11-30
Primary Cilia written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-11-30 with Science categories.
In recent years, the role of cilia in the study of health, development and disease has been increasingly clear, and new discoveries have made this an exciting and important field of research. This comprehensive volume, a complement to the new three-volume treatment of cilia and flagella by King and Pazour, presents easy-to-follow protocols and detailed background information for researchers working with cilia and flagella. *Covers protocols for primary cilia across several systems and species * Both classic and state-of-the-art methods readily adaptable across model systems, and designed to last the test of time * Relevant to clinicians and scientists working in a wide range of fields