Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification First Annual Progress Report May 1 1976 April 30 1977

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Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification First Annual Progress Report May 1 1976 April 30 1977

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification First Annual Progress Report May 1 1976 April 30 1977 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with categories.

This project commenced on 1 May 1976 with the objective of (a) achieving an understanding of the general types of chemical reactions occurring in refractories when exposed to conditions representative of those at the cold face of the refractory lining in coal gasification vessels, (b) assessing the relative importance of these reactions to those physical/chemical properties required for long-service life, and (c) identifying those refractory systems providing optimum service performance, particularly in regard to the bond phases. The basic aim of the investigation is to establish the corrosion resistance of refractories, especially the bond phases, to high pressure/temperature gas and liquid environments encountered in coal gasification. This annual report summarizes all of the data obtained and analyzed during 1 May 1976 to 30 April 1977. Portions of the tables in this report are incomplete since analysis of the exposure test results is still in progress.

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification

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Author : Syed F. Rahman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification written by Syed F. Rahman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with categories.

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification Second Annual Progress Report May 1 1977 April 30 1978

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification Second Annual Progress Report May 1 1977 April 30 1978 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with categories.

With the exception of the weight and porosity changes for the cement bonded castables immersed in water during exposure, the properties of the various refractories after long-term (60-days) exposure in the unsaturated and saturated DOE atmospheres were similar to those observed in 10 to 30 days DOE or CO-Steam atmospheres. The major changes in properties occur within relatively short times, a few days, and depend more upon the degree of saturation of the atmosphere than upon exposure time. Except for the CO/H/sub 2/O = 3.0 atmosphere, all the cement-bonded castables showed higher strengths in saturated than in non-saturated atmospheres. Depending upon the CO/H/sub 2/O ratio, the liquid conditions were generally more reactive then the vapor. With increasing CO content of the atmosphere, the rate of dissolution of CaO increases, particularly for samples immersed in water. In the high alumina castables containing pure calcium aluminate cement, UMR-1 and 2, the strength tends to decrease with increasing CO/H/sub 2/O ratio. Other castables containing silica tend not to show as large a dependence of strength upon CO/H/sub 2/O ratio. No reaction has been observed between the various refractory aggregates and the gases in the DOE atmosphere (including steam), either saturated or non-saturated. In unsaturated atmospheres only calcite is formed. Both calcite and boehmite form in all of the cement-bonded high and intermediate alumina and insulating castables exposed to saturated atmospheres. In saturated atmospheres CaO is leached from the refractories, particularly those in contact with liquid, by a process highly dependent upon the CO/H/sub 2/O ratio.

Fossil Energy Update

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977

Fossil Energy Update written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Fossil fuels categories.

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification First Quarterly Progress Report 1 May 1976 31 July 1976

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification First Quarterly Progress Report 1 May 1976 31 July 1976 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with categories.

Activities in a program concerned with establishing the corrosion resistance of refractories to environments encountered in coal gasification are summarized. Materials being investigated are calcium aluminate cement and phosphate bonded alumina refractories. The major effort during the report period has been devoted to the modification, construction, and proof testing of the exposure test system, selection and acquisition of raw materials and commercial products, and development of experimental procedures. (JRD).

Chemical Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980

Chemical Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with categories.

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification Third Annual Progress Report May 1 1978 April 30 1979

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification Third Annual Progress Report May 1 1978 April 30 1979 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with categories.

Of all the refractories examined, the cement-bonded castables showed the most chemical reaction with the test atmospheres. In most cases, the reactions consisted of the formation of boehmite (Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/.H/sub 2/O) and CaCO/sub 3/ in saturated atmospheres (below 500/sup 0/F) while only CaCO/sub 3/ formed in unsaturated atmospheres (1000/sup 0/F). The formation of boehmite, especially in the dense alumina castables, resulted in large increases (doubling or tripling) of the flexural strength. No significant differences in chemical reactivity was noted between the three commercial calcium aluminate cements examined nor between different commercial or laboratory-prepared castables. Any differences between different manufacturers of the same type of refractory is at best a second order factor affecting their performance for the conditions investigated. Other property changes, such as weight, dimension, density, and porosity, especially those of intermediate alumina and insulating castables, were small. The physical/mechanical properties of phosphate-bonded refractories showed relatively little change except for specimens exposed to saturated atmospheres where a large reduction in flexural strength occurred. This reduction in strength is attributed to chemical attack of phosphate bond phases by high pressure, saturated steam. Steam and CO/CO/sub 2/ were the only gases found to react significantly with the refractories.

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification

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Author : University of Missouri--Rolla. Ceramic Engineering Department
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification written by University of Missouri--Rolla. Ceramic Engineering Department and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with categories.

Energy Research Abstracts

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978

Energy Research Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Power resources categories.

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification Fifth Quarterly Progress Report May 1 1977 July 31 1977

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification Fifth Quarterly Progress Report May 1 1977 July 31 1977 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with categories.

Progress in the testing of refractories for coal gasification plants using a special ERDA and other atmospheres at high temperature and pressure (1000/sup 0/F/1000 psia) is reported. After exposure for several days to a few months, the materials are characterized by diversional charges, density, porosity, modulus of rupture measurements, and by x-ray diffraction studies. Some effort is devoted to thermal gravimetric analysis studies. Based on the screening tests performed in the past year, the list of refractories under study has been revised. (LTN).