Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification First Quarterly Progress Report 1 May 1976 31 July 1976

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Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification First Quarterly Progress Report 1 May 1976 31 July 1976

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification First Quarterly Progress Report 1 May 1976 31 July 1976 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with categories.

Activities in a program concerned with establishing the corrosion resistance of refractories to environments encountered in coal gasification are summarized. Materials being investigated are calcium aluminate cement and phosphate bonded alumina refractories. The major effort during the report period has been devoted to the modification, construction, and proof testing of the exposure test system, selection and acquisition of raw materials and commercial products, and development of experimental procedures. (JRD).

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification First Annual Progress Report May 1 1976 April 30 1977

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language : en
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Release Date : 1977

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification First Annual Progress Report May 1 1976 April 30 1977 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with categories.

This project commenced on 1 May 1976 with the objective of (a) achieving an understanding of the general types of chemical reactions occurring in refractories when exposed to conditions representative of those at the cold face of the refractory lining in coal gasification vessels, (b) assessing the relative importance of these reactions to those physical/chemical properties required for long-service life, and (c) identifying those refractory systems providing optimum service performance, particularly in regard to the bond phases. The basic aim of the investigation is to establish the corrosion resistance of refractories, especially the bond phases, to high pressure/temperature gas and liquid environments encountered in coal gasification. This annual report summarizes all of the data obtained and analyzed during 1 May 1976 to 30 April 1977. Portions of the tables in this report are incomplete since analysis of the exposure test results is still in progress.

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification Ninth Quarterly Progress Report 1 May 1978 31 July 1978

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language : en
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Release Date : 1978

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification Ninth Quarterly Progress Report 1 May 1978 31 July 1978 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with categories.

Activities are reported in a program to establish the corrosion resistance of refractories, especially the bond phases, to those high pressure/temperature gases and liquids typically present in coal gasification vessels. During this quarter, preparation and pre-exposure characterization of refractory and cement samples for an exposure test were completed. This test commenced on 7 July 1978 and the first two boehmite formation/decomposition cycles have been completed. Seven commercial and laboratory prepared cement-bonded castables and three calcium aluminate cements are being investigated currently. These materials and their chemical compositions are listed. In general, the insulating castables show smaller changes in modulus of rupture (MOR) than the dense castables after exposure to the cyclic conditions. The MOR of Cerlite 75 and VSL-50 remain nearly constant, with only Litecast 60-25 showing any major change in MOR and that is an increase. This behavior is consistent with results from earlier exposures in the DOE and CO/steam atmosphere.

Erda Energy Research Abstracts

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Author : United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977

Erda Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Medicine categories.

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification Third Quarterly Progress Report 1 November 1976 31 January 1977

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language : en
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Release Date : 1977

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification Third Quarterly Progress Report 1 November 1976 31 January 1977 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with categories.

Eleven calcium aluminate cement-bonded refractory castables designated as high alumina, intermediate alumina, and Insulating; three dense high alumina phosphate-bonded ramming mixes; five calcium aluminate cements; and three foam-in-place insulating refractories are being investigated by exposure at 500 to 1000 psi and 500 to 1000/sup 0/F to an atmosphere containing CO-18 percent, CO/sub 2/-12 percent, H/sub 2/-24 percent, H/sub 2/O-41 percent, CH/sub 4/-5 percent. Results show that the modulus of rupture (MOR) of the high alumina castables exposed to 1000 psia at 1000/sup 0/F for 10 days is only about one half of that at 500 psia and 500/sup 0/F. The MOR of the high alumina castables after exposure (ERDA atmosphere) at 500/sup 0/F is higher than that of the as-fired in air at 500/sup 0/F. The MOR of the high alumina exposed castables at 1000/sup 0/F is significantly lower than that of the as-fired in air in 1000/sup 0/F. The MOR of the intermediate alumina and insulating castables remain generally constant during exposures at either 1000 or 500 psia. The change in the MOR of phosphate-bonded specimens is much less than in the cement-bonded high alumina specimens. No significant change in the MOR of Green Pak 90-P and 90 Ram HS ramming mixes occurred during exposures at either 500 or 1000 psia. If all the refractory products used in this investigation are compared, no significant difference between the commercial products of the intermediate alumina and insulating refractories is apparent. On the other hand, a significant difference in strength is observed for the various commercial dense high alumina and to some extent, for the phosphate-bonded high alumina products.

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification Final Report May 1 1976 July 31 1980

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language : en
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Release Date : 1980

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification Final Report May 1 1976 July 31 1980 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with categories.

The dimensional stability, density, porosity, flexural strength and thermal expansion of eighteen cement-bonded, dense and lightweight refractory castables and three phosphate bonded refractories were determined before and after exposure to conditions chosen to simulate those at the cold face (approx. 250/sup 0/C) of a refractory lining in a coal gasification vessel. Chemical reactions occurring in the refractories during exposure were determined by XRD, DTA/TGA and SEM and correlated with the above properties. The variables investigated were: (1) exposure time, 60 days maximum; (2) temperature, up to 538/sup 0/C; (3) pressure, 6.9 MPa maximum; (4) gas composition, particularly CO/steam ratio (0.1, 1, and 3.0) and presence of 1 vol % H/sub 2/S; (5) degree of saturation and (6) liquid versus vapor contact. The degree of saturation of the test atmosphere was the single most important factor affecting the properties after exposure. In dry atmospheres, the properties were close to those for specimens heated to the same temperature in air. In 100% saturated atmospheres, however, the dense cement bonded castables typically had a flexural strength two to three times higher than that before exposure and a significantly lower porosity. Conversely, the flexural strength of the phosphate bonded refractories was only 1/2 to 1/5 of that before exposure. The exposure time was not particularly important since the chemical reactions occurring during exposure and responsible for the changes in properties, are relatively rapid and appear to be nearing completion within a few days, less than or equal to 10. All of the refractories were structurally intact after the 60-day maximum exposure to both dry or saturated conditions. The principal chemical reactions in the cement bonded castables were between the cement bond phases and steam, CO, and CO/sub 2.

Fossil Energy Update

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language : en
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Release Date : 1977

Fossil Energy Update written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Fossil fuels categories.

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification Fifth Quarterly Progress Report May 1 1977 July 31 1977

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language : en
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Release Date : 1977

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification Fifth Quarterly Progress Report May 1 1977 July 31 1977 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with categories.

Progress in the testing of refractories for coal gasification plants using a special ERDA and other atmospheres at high temperature and pressure (1000/sup 0/F/1000 psia) is reported. After exposure for several days to a few months, the materials are characterized by diversional charges, density, porosity, modulus of rupture measurements, and by x-ray diffraction studies. Some effort is devoted to thermal gravimetric analysis studies. Based on the screening tests performed in the past year, the list of refractories under study has been revised. (LTN).

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification Thirteenth Quarterly Progress Report May 1 July 31 1979

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language : en
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Release Date : 1979

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification Thirteenth Quarterly Progress Report May 1 July 31 1979 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with categories.

Various refractories have been exposed in pure steam and other atmospheres at pressures up to 1000 psia for 10 days with the flexural strength being measured before and after exposure. Cement-bonded castables and calcium aluminate cements were exposed to liquid water and saturated water vapor at 1000 psia. All the dense alumina castables had higher strength after exposure to either the saturated vapor or the liquid than their controls. This result has been attributed to the formation of additional bonding phase(s). Other measurements on these specimens are reported. Chemical reactions are proposed to explain the results. (LTN).

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification Quarterly Progress Report November 1 1977 January 31 1978

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language : en
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Release Date : 1978

Chemical And Physical Stability Of Refractories For Use In Coal Gasification Quarterly Progress Report November 1 1977 January 31 1978 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with categories.

General conclusions are based on the results obtained to date in the three CO/H/sub 2/O and 60 day exposure tests: (1) Large weight losses were observed for refractory samples immersed in water in the CO/H/sub 2/O = 3 test compared to CO/H/sub 2/O = 0.1 or 1 tests and, in general, increased with increasing CO/H/sub 2/O ratio. This weight loss is most likely due to the dissolution of CaO from the refractories. Chemical analysis is in progress. (2) The weight changes in the unsaturated (1000/sup 0/F) and saturated (532, 466, and 400/sup 0/F) vapors were basically the same in the three CO/H/sub 2/O tests. (3) With a few exceptions high and intermediate alumina refractories generally had the lowest porosity when exposed to the saturated atmosphere (vapor or liquid) at CO/H/sub 2/O = 0.1 and the highest when immersed in water at CO/H/sub 2/O = 3.0. (4) Porosities of high and intermediate alumina refractories in unsaturated atmospheres and insulating castables in saturated and unsaturated atmospheres generally remained nearly constant for CO/H/sub 2/O ratios of 0.1 to 3. (5) The effect of saturation on the flexural strength of high and intermediate alumina was significant in all three CO/H/sub 2/O tests and, in general, the flexural strength increased by a factor of 2 compared with the unexposed samples or samples exposed to unsaturated conditions. The effect of saturation on the insulating castables was slightly beneficial at CO/H/sub 2/O = 1 and 3 where the flexural strength generally increased. Changes in weight, dimension, density-porosity, and MOR of refractory samples after a 60 day exposure in the ERDA atmosphere were basically the same as observed after 30 days in similar exposure conditions.