Chemical Crystallography With Pulsed Neutrons And Synchroton X Rays
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Chemical Crystallography With Pulsed Neutrons And Synchroton X Rays
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Author : Maria Arménia Carrondo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Chemical Crystallography With Pulsed Neutrons And Synchroton X Rays written by Maria Arménia Carrondo and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
X-ray and neutron crystallography have played an increasingly impor tant role in the chemical and biochemical sciences over the past fifty years. The principal obstacles in this methodology, the phase problem and com puting, have been overcome. The former by the methods developed in the 1960's and just recognised by the 1985 Chemistry Nobel Prize award to Karle and Hauptman, the latter by the dramatic advances that have taken place in computer technology in the past twenty years. Within the last decade, two new radiation sources have been added to the crystallographer's tools. One is synchrotron X-rays and the other is spallation neutrons. Both have much more powerful fluxes than the pre vious sources and they are pulsed rather than continuos. New techniques are necessary to fully exploit the intense continuos radiation spectrum and its pulsed property. Both radiations are only available from particular National Laboratories on a guest-user basis for scientists outside these Na tional Laboratories. Hitherto, the major emphasis on the use of these facilities has been in solid-state physics, and the material, engineering and biological sciences. We believe that there is equivalent potential to applications which are pri marily chemical or biochemical.
Fundamentals Of Crystallography
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Author : Carmelo Giacovazzo
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2002
Fundamentals Of Crystallography written by Carmelo Giacovazzo and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Science categories.
In recent years crystallographic techniques have found applications in a wide range of subjects, and these applications in turn have led to exciting developments in the field of crystallography itself. This completely revised text offers a rigorous treatment of the theory and describes experimental applications in many fields: crystal symmetry, crystallographic computing, X-ray diffraction, crystal structure solution, mineral and inorganic crystal chemistry, protein crystallography, crystallography of real crystals, and crystal physics. A set of pedagogical tools on CD-ROM has been added to this new edition.
Indian Journal Of Chemistry
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Indian Journal Of Chemistry written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Chemistry categories.
Methods And Instrumentations Results And Recent Developments
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Author : Arnold S. Marfunin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Methods And Instrumentations Results And Recent Developments written by Arnold S. Marfunin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Science categories.
All existing introductory reviews of mineralogy are written accord ing to the same algorithm, sometimes called the "Dana System of Mineralogy". Even modern advanced handbooks, which are cer tainly necessary, include basic data on minerals and are essentially descriptive. When basic information on the chemistry, structure, optical and physical properties, distinguished features and para genesis of 200-400 minerals is presented, then there is practically no further space available to include new ideas and concepts based on recent mineral studies. A possible solution to this dilemma would be to present a book beginning where introductory textbooks end for those already famil iar with the elementary concepts. Such a volume would be tailored to specialists in all fields of science and industry, interested in the most recent results in mineralogy. This approach may be called Advanced Mineralogy. Here, an attempt has been made to survey the current possibilities and aims in mineral mater investigations, including the main characteristics of all the methods, the most important problems and topics of mineralogy, and related studies. The individual volumes are composed of short, condensed chap ters. Each chapter presents in a complete, albeit condensed, form specific problems, methods, theories, and directions of investigations, and estimates their importance and strategic position in science and industry.
Hydrogen Bonding In Biological Structures
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Author : George A. Jeffrey
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Hydrogen Bonding In Biological Structures written by George A. Jeffrey and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions, with a binding strength less than one-tenth that of a normal covalent bond. However, hydrogen bonds are of extraordinary importance; without them all wooden structures would collapse, cement would crumble, oceans would vaporize, and all living things would disintegrate into random dispersions of inert matter. Hydrogen Bonding in Biological Structures is informative and eminently usable. It is, in a sense, a Rosetta stone that unlocks a wealth of information from the language of crystallography and makes it accessible to all scientists. (From a book review of Kenneth M. Harmon, Science 1992)
Electron Density Distributions In Molecules
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Author : F. L. Hirshfeld
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1991
Electron Density Distributions In Molecules written by F. L. Hirshfeld and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Science categories.
Microscopic Properties And Processes In Minerals
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Author : Kate Wright
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1999-10-31
Microscopic Properties And Processes In Minerals written by Kate Wright and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-10-31 with Science categories.
One of the major developments in Earth Sciences in general, and mineralogy in particular, has been the growth of our understanding of the microscopic behaviour of the complex materials that make up the Earth. This has been made possible by advances in our ability to probe minerals at the atomic level, over a large range of pressure and temperature conditions. New experimental techniques include the use of scanning probe microscopies to investigate mineral surfaces, as well as the use of neutron scattering, nuclear spectroscopies and synchrotron radiation to investigate the bonding and structure of minerals. In addition, there have been major developments in computational methods so that it is now possible to calculate the electronic structure of many rock forming materials. The aim of this volume is to give a coherent survey of the latest developments in experimental and theoretical approaches to the study of microscopic propertie~ and processes in minerals. Chapters in the book cover a number of key themes in the mineral sciences such as the behaviour of minerals at extremes of pressure and temperature, ordering in complex silicates, mechanisms of water incorporation in mantle phases, the importance of reactions occurring at the mineral surface, and the ability of computational methods to provide useful, qualitative information on the bulk and surface properties of minerals. The background to several experimental techniques is covered in some detail with examples of relevance to the issues cited above.
Neutron Scattering From Hydrogen In Materials Proceedings Of The Second Summer School On Neutron Scattering
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Author : Albert Furrer
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1994-12-09
Neutron Scattering From Hydrogen In Materials Proceedings Of The Second Summer School On Neutron Scattering written by Albert Furrer and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-12-09 with categories.
This volume provides a topical survey of the static and dynamic properties of hydrogen in both metallic and inorganic materials studied by neutron scattering which has been the key technique in this field for a long time. The static aspects deal with the localization of hydrogen in a variety of materials including the technically important metal hydrides, zeolites, and superionic conductors. The dynamic aspects concentrate on local modes, hydrogen bonds, tunneling, and diffusion. All these topics are thoroughly introduced, methodically discussed, and highlighted with recent experimental results by acknowledged experts.
Scientific Methods And Cultural Heritage
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Author : Gilberto Artioli
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2010-07-08
Scientific Methods And Cultural Heritage written by Gilberto Artioli and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-08 with Science categories.
Scientific techniques developed in materials science offer invaluable information to archaeology, art history, and conservation. A rapidly growing number of innovative methods, as well as many established techniques, are constantly being improved and optimised for the analysis of cultural heritage materials. The result is that on the one hand more complex problems and questions can be confronted, but on the other hand the required level of technical competence is widening the existing cultural gap between scientists and end users, such as archaeologists, museum curators, art historians, and many managers of cultural heritage who have a purely humanistic background. The book is intended as an entry-level introduction to the methods and rationales of scientific investigation of cultural heritage materials, with emphasis placed on the analytical strategies, modes of operation, and resulting information rather than on technicalities. The extensive and updated reference list should be a useful starting point for further reading. Students and researchers from the humanities approaching scientific investigations should find it useful, as well as scientists applying familiar techniques and methods to unfamiliar problems related to cultural heritage.
Physics Briefs
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Physics Briefs written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Physics categories.