Chemical Modification Properties And Usage Of Lignin
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Chemical Modification Properties And Usage Of Lignin
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Author : Thomas Q. Hu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Chemical Modification Properties And Usage Of Lignin written by Thomas Q. Hu and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
One of the most significant challenges facing mankind in the twenty-first century is the development of a sustainable global economy. Within the scientific community, this calls for the development of processes and technologies that will allow the sustainable production of materials from renewable natural resources. Plant material, in particular lignin, is one such resource. During the annual production of about 100 million metric tons of chemical wood pulps worldwide, approximately 45 and 2 million metric tons/year of kraft lignin and lignosulfonates, respectively, are also generated. Although lignosulfonates have found many applications outside the pulp and paper industry, the majority of kraft lignin is being used internally as a low-grade fuel for the kraft pulping operation. A surplus of kraft lignin will become available as kraft mills increase their pulp production without expanding the capacity of their recovery boilers that utilize lignin as a fuel. There is a tremendous opportunity and an enormous economic incentive to find better uses of kraft lignin, lignosulfonates and other industriallignins. The pulp and paper industry not only produces an enormous amount of lignins as by products of chemical wood pulps, but it also utilizes about 10 million metric tons of lignin per year as a component of mechanical wood pulps and papers. Mechanical wood pulps, produced in a yield of 90-98% with the retention of lignin, are mainly used to make low-quality, non-permanent papers such as newsprint and telephone directories because of the light-induced photooxidation of lignin and the yellowing of the papers.
Chemical Modification Properties And Usage Of Lignin
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Author : Thomas Q. Hu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2002-03-31
Chemical Modification Properties And Usage Of Lignin written by Thomas Q. Hu and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-03-31 with Nature categories.
One of the most significant challenges facing mankind in the twenty-first century is the development of a sustainable global economy. Within the scientific community, this calls for the development of processes and technologies that will allow the sustainable production of materials from renewable natural resources. Plant material, in particular lignin, is one such resource. During the annual production of about 100 million metric tons of chemical wood pulps worldwide, approximately 45 and 2 million metric tons/year of kraft lignin and lignosulfonates, respectively, are also generated. Although lignosulfonates have found many applications outside the pulp and paper industry, the majority of kraft lignin is being used internally as a low-grade fuel for the kraft pulping operation. A surplus of kraft lignin will become available as kraft mills increase their pulp production without expanding the capacity of their recovery boilers that utilize lignin as a fuel. There is a tremendous opportunity and an enormous economic incentive to find better uses of kraft lignin, lignosulfonates and other industriallignins. The pulp and paper industry not only produces an enormous amount of lignins as by products of chemical wood pulps, but it also utilizes about 10 million metric tons of lignin per year as a component of mechanical wood pulps and papers. Mechanical wood pulps, produced in a yield of 90-98% with the retention of lignin, are mainly used to make low-quality, non-permanent papers such as newsprint and telephone directories because of the light-induced photooxidation of lignin and the yellowing of the papers.
Lignin
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Author : Swati Sharma
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-04-13
Lignin written by Swati Sharma and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-13 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents a comprehensive overview on origin, structure, properties, modification strategies and applications of the biopolymer lignin. It is organized into four themed parts. The first part focuses on the analysis and characterization of the second most abundant biopolymer. The following part is devoted to the biological aspects of lignin such as biosynthesis and degradation. In the third part, chemical modification strategies and the preparation of composites as well as nano- and microparticles are discussed.The final part addresses the industrial application of lignin and its derivatives, as well as lignin materials. The usage for synthesis of biofuels, fine chemicals and in agriculture and food industry is covered. This book is a comprehensive source for researchers, scientists and engineers working in the field of biopolymers as well as renewable materials and sources.
Lignin
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Author : Matheus Poletto
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2018-03-21
Lignin written by Matheus Poletto and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-21 with Science categories.
Lignin - Trends and Applications consists of 11 chapters related to the lignin structure, modification, depolymerization, degradation process, computational modeling, and applications. This is a useful book for readers from diverse areas, such as physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, and engineering. It is expected that this book may expand the reader's knowledge about this complex natural polymer.
Lignin And Lignans As Renewable Raw Materials
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Author : Francisco G. Calvo-Flores
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-09-28
Lignin And Lignans As Renewable Raw Materials written by Francisco G. Calvo-Flores and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-28 with Science categories.
As naturally occurring and abundant sources of non-fossil carbon, lignin and lignans offer exciting possibilities as a source of commercially valuable products, moving away from petrochemical-based feedstocks in favour of renewable raw materials. Lignin can be used directly in fields such as agriculture, livestock, soil rehabilitation, bioremediation and the polymer industry, or it can be chemically modified for the fabrication of specialty and high-value chemicals such as resins, adhesives, fuels and greases. Lignin and Lignans as Renewable Raw Materials presents a multidisciplinary overview of the state-of-the-art and future prospects of lignin and lignans. The book discusses the origin, structure, function and applications of both types of compounds, describing the main resources and values of these products as carbon raw materials. Topics covered include: • Structure and physicochemical properties • Lignin detection methods • Biosynthesis of lignin • Isolation methods • Characterization and modification of lignins • Applications of modified and unmodified lignins • Lignans: structure, chemical and biological properties • Future perspectives This book is a comprehensive resource for researchers, scientists and engineers in academia and industry working on new possibilities for the application of renewable raw materials. For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs
Production Of Biofuels And Chemicals From Lignin
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Author : Zhen Fang
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-09-28
Production Of Biofuels And Chemicals From Lignin written by Zhen Fang and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-28 with Science categories.
This book provides state-of-the-art reviews, current research on and the prospects of lignin production, biological, thermal and chemical conversion methods, and lignin technoeconomics. Fundamental topics related to lignin chemistry, properties, analysis, characterization, and depolymerization mechanisms, as well as enzymatic, fungal and bacterial degradation methods are covered. The book also examines practical topics related to technologies for lignin and ultra-pure lignin recovery, activated carbon, carbon fiber production and materials, and addresses the biological conversion of lignin with fungi, bacteria or enzymes to produce chemicals, along with chemical, catalytic, thermochemical and solvolysis conversion methods. Lastly, it presents a case study on practical polyurethane foam production using lignin. Lignin has a bright future and will be an essential feedstock for producing renewable chemicals, biofuels and value-added products. Offering comprehensive information on this promising material, the book represents a valuable resource for students, researchers, academicians and industrialists in the field of biochemistry and energy.
Conversion Of Lignin Into Bio Based Chemicals And Materials
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Author : Chunbao Xu
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-06-05
Conversion Of Lignin Into Bio Based Chemicals And Materials written by Chunbao Xu and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-05 with Science categories.
This book presents an overview of various types of lignin and their unique structures and properties, as well as utilizations of crude or modified technical lignin for high-value bioproducts such as lignin-based PF resins/adhesives, epoxy resins, PF foams, PU foams, rubber reinforcement and carbon fibers and as dispersants in drilling fluids in the oil and gas industry. It subsequently discusses various thermal/chemical modification techniques (pyrolysis, direct liquefaction and de-polymerization) for converting lignin into oils and chemical feedstocks, and the utilization of crude lignin, lignin-derived oils or depolymerized lignins (DLs) of reduced molecular weights and improved reactivity to produce lignin-based PF resins/adhesives, PF/PU foams and epoxy resins. The book will interest and benefit a broad readership (graduate students, academic researchers, industrial researchers and practitioners) in various fields of science and technology (chemical engineering, biotechnology, chemistry, material science, forestry, etc.). Chunbao (Charles) Xu, PhD, is currently a Professor of Chemical Engineering and NSERC/FPInnovations Industrial Research Chair in Forest Biorefinery at the University of Western Ontario, Canada. Fatemeh Ferdosian, PhD, is currently a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Waterloo, Canada.
Lignin Valorization
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Author : Gregg T. Beckham
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2018-03-29
Lignin Valorization written by Gregg T. Beckham and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-29 with Science categories.
"Chapters will specifically focus on the production of fuels and chemicals from lignin."--Page [4] of cover.
Lignin
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Author : Wolfgang G. Glasser
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Lignin written by Wolfgang G. Glasser and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Science categories.
This volume brings together the current research on all aspects of lignins, the second most abundant group of biopolymers. It covers recent progress in elucidating some of the more intractable aspects of lignin preparation. Among the topics covered in its 41 chapters are: various methods for studying the structure of lignins; discussions of polymer products derived from the modification of lignin; water-soluble polymers; organosolv pulping, wood adhesives, and enzymatic lignin modification; and various products from lignins, including polyols, polyurethanes, polyblends, grafts, epoxies, and acrylics.
Methods In Lignin Chemistry
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Author : Stephen Y. Lin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Methods In Lignin Chemistry written by Stephen Y. Lin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The structural complexity of lignin has continually challenged the in genuity of researchers to develop suitable methods for its charac terization prior to and following a wide variety of chemical, biologi cal, and physical treatments. Initially, activity along these lines was fueled by a desire to interpret technical delignification (Le. , pulping) processes in terms of accompanying structural changes in the lignin. Subsequently, increasingly wide ranging, in-depth investigations on the structure and reactivity of lignin exposed the inadequacy of many of the methods currently in use and underscored the ever-continuing need to develop new methods capable of solving the unique analytical problems associated with lignin. Characteristically, such methods should be selective, sensitive, suitable for quantitative measurements, and capable of being applied directly to, and without destruction of, the lignin or lignocellulose sample. One notable example of the head way being made in reaching this objective is the relatively recent devel opment and refinement of methods based on the use of sophisticated instrumentation, e. g. , lH_ and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Although the utility of many of these and other recently developed methods de scribed in this book has yet to be fully and satisfactorily exploited, we believe that progress already made in this direction will continue and most likely accelerate. The decision to produce this book was prompted mainly by the acknowledged need for an up-to-date, single source compilation of lignin methodology. Hitherto, this need was, in part, satisfied by B. L.