Chewing Gum Candy Bars And Beer
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Chewing Gum Candy Bars And Beer
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Author : James J. Cooke
language : en
Publisher: University of Missouri Press
Release Date : 2009-11-01
Chewing Gum Candy Bars And Beer written by James J. Cooke and has been published by University of Missouri Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-11-01 with History categories.
Veterans of World War II have long sung the praises of the PX—a little piece of home in far-flung corners of the world. Though many books on that war tell of combat operations and logistics in detail, this is the first to tell the full story of the Army Exchange System. The AES was dedicated to providing soldiers with some of the comforts they had enjoyed in civilian life—candy, beer, cigarettes, razor blades, soap—whether by operating an exchange close to where they were fighting or by sending goods forward to the lines, free of charge. The beer may have been only “3.2,” but it was cheap and, unlike British beer, was served cold, thanks to PX coolers. And a constant supply of cigarettes and chewing gum gave GIs an advantage when flirting with the local girls. In chronicling the history of the AES, James J. Cooke harks back to the Civil War, in which sutlers sold basic items to the Yankee troops for exorbitant prices, and to the First World War, when morale-building provisions were brought in by agencies such as the Red Cross. He then traces the evolution of the PX through World War II from the point of view of those who ran the service and that of the soldiers who used it, blending administrative history with colorful anecdotes and interspersing letters from GIs. Cooke views the PX as a manifestation of American mobility, materialism, and the cultural revolution of mass consumerism that flourished in the 1920s, serving soldiers who were themselves products of this new American way of retail and expected a high level of material support in time of war. He emphasizes the accomplishments of Major General Joseph W. Byron, chief PX officer from 1941 to 1943, and his deputy, Colonel Frank Kerr. He also tells how the PX dealt with the presence of large numbers of women in uniform and the need to meet their demands in exchange offerings. By 1945, General Byron could boast that the Army Exchange Service operated the world’s largest department store chain, serving the grandest army the United States had ever put in the field, and today the PX is still a central factor of military life. Yet as Cooke shows, the key to the AES’s importance was ultimately the way it bolstered morale—and helped give our fighting men the will to keep fighting.
Public Contracts Bulletin
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Author : United States. Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1952
Public Contracts Bulletin written by United States. Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1952 with categories.
American Girls Beer And Glenn Miller
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Author : James J. Cooke
language : en
Publisher: University of Missouri Press
Release Date : 2012-10-01
American Girls Beer And Glenn Miller written by James J. Cooke and has been published by University of Missouri Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-01 with History categories.
"Cooke's examination of the Special Services and PX System during World War II, a subject previously overlooked by scholars, shows that these goods and services kept the armed forces' spirits up under the alienating conditions of global war."—Dennis Showalter, author of Patton and Rommel: Men of War in the Twentieth Century As World War II dawned in Europe, General George C. Marshall, the new Army Chief of Staff, had to acknowledge that American society—and the citizens who would soon become soldiers—had drastically changed in the previous few decades. Almost every home had a radio, movies could talk, and driving in an automobile to the neighborhood soda fountain was part of everyday life. A product of newly created mass consumerism, the soldier of 1940 had expectations of material comfort, even while at war. Historian James J. Cooke presents the first comprehensive look at how Marshall’s efforts to cheer soldiers far from home resulted in the enduring morale services that the Army provides still today. Marshall understood that civilian soldiers provided particular challenges and wanted to improve the subpar morale services that had been provided to Great War doughboys. Frederick Osborn, a civilian intellectual, was called to head the newly formed morale branch, which quickly became the Special Services Division. Hundreds of on-post movie theaters showing first-run movies at reduced prices, service clubs where GIs could relax, and inexpensive cafeterias were constructed. The Army Exchange System took direction under Brigadier General Joseph Byron, offering comfort items at low prices; the PX sold everything from cigarettes and razor blades to low-alcohol beer in very popular beer halls. The great civic organizations—the YMCA, the Salvation Army, the Jewish Welfare Board, and others—were brought together to form the United Service Organizations (USO). At USO Camp Shows, admired entertainers like Bob Hope, Bing Crosby, and Frances Langford brought home-style entertainment to soldiers within the war zones. As the war heightened in intensity, the Special Service Companies grew to over forty in number, each containing more than one hundred enlisted men. Trained in infantry skills, soldiers in the companies at times would have to stop showing movies, pick up their rifles, and fight. The Special Services Division, PX, and USO were crucial elements in maintaining GI morale, and Cooke’s work makes clear the lasting legacy of these efforts to boost the average soldier’s spirits almost a century ago. The idea that as American soldiers serve abroad, they should have access to at least some of the comforts of home has become a cultural standard.
If It Hadn T Been For Grace
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Author : Brenda Helton
language : en
Publisher: Christian Faith Publishing, Inc.
Release Date : 2023-02-10
If It Hadn T Been For Grace written by Brenda Helton and has been published by Christian Faith Publishing, Inc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-10 with Religion categories.
Grace Santangelo was innocent, reserved, and obedient. At fifteen, she dutifully assisted in the day-to-day operation of her parents' boardinghouse in Illinois. Never in her wildest dreams did Grace imagine meeting and falling in love with boarder number 3, Gio Rivia, a handsome Italian immigrant that was eight years her senior. Marriage quickly followed. The strong, determined, visionary characteristics that Grace admired about Gio when they were courting became challenges in their marriage. Gio's salvation and developing relationship with God united the family for a period of time, but his wife's debilitating illness and an indiscreet sister-in-law took its toll on his new commitment. Alone in her isolated bed, Grace fervently prayed for God's grace to cover her children all the days of their lives. God, in his merciful goodness and grace, did just that in spite of it all.
Sweet As Sin
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Author : Susan Benjamin
language : en
Publisher: Prometheus Books
Release Date : 2016-03-15
Sweet As Sin written by Susan Benjamin and has been published by Prometheus Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-15 with Social Science categories.
RECOMMENDED BY SMITHSONIAN MAGAZINE AS A "BEST BOOK ABOUT FOOD OF 2016"! READERS WITH AN INTEREST IN THE HISTORY OF FOOD AND AMERICANA WILL SAVOR THIS CULTURAL HISTORY There’s more to candy than its sugary taste. As this book shows, candy has a remarkable history, most of it sweet, some of it bitter. The author, a food historian and candy expert, tells the whole story—from the harvesting of the marshmallow plant in ancient Egypt to the mass-produced candy innovations of the twentieth century. Along the way, the reader is treated to an assortment of entertaining facts and colorful characters. These include a deposed Mexican president who ignited the modern chewing gum industry, the Native Americans who created pemmican, an important food, by mixing fruit with dried meat, and the little-known son of a slave woman who invented the sugar-processing machine still in use today. Susan Benjamin traces people’s changing palate over the centuries as roots, barks, and even bugs were savored as treats. She surveys the many uses of chocolate from the cacao bean enjoyed by Olmec Indians to candy bars carried by GIs in World War II. She notes that many candies are associated with world’s fairs and other major historical events. Fun and informative, this book will make you appreciate the candy you love even more by revealing the fascinating backstory behind it.
Producer Prices And Price Indexes
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Producer Prices And Price Indexes written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Prices categories.
Producer Price Indexes
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Producer Price Indexes written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Prices categories.
Standard Industrial Classification Manual
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Author : United States. Bureau of the Budget. Office of Statistical Standards
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1967
Standard Industrial Classification Manual written by United States. Bureau of the Budget. Office of Statistical Standards and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1967 with Commercial products categories.
Standard Industrial Classification Manual 1967
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Author : United States. Bureau of the Budget
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1967
Standard Industrial Classification Manual 1967 written by United States. Bureau of the Budget and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1967 with categories.
Billboard
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1946-10-19
Billboard written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1946-10-19 with categories.
In its 114th year, Billboard remains the world's premier weekly music publication and a diverse digital, events, brand, content and data licensing platform. Billboard publishes the most trusted charts and offers unrivaled reporting about the latest music, video, gaming, media, digital and mobile entertainment issues and trends.