Chile 1984 1994
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Chile 1984 1994
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Author : Aceituno, David
language : es
Publisher: Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaíso
Release Date : 2020-10-07
Chile 1984 1994 written by Aceituno, David and has been published by Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaíso this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-07 with Social Science categories.
En esta publicación se examina históricamente el proceso chileno que se extendió entre 1984 y 1994, desde el ámbito político, económico, social y cultural, estableciendo relaciones del contexto nacional con el mundial.
Insights From Book Translations On The International Diffusion Of Knowledge
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Author : Isabelle Yin Fong Sin
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University
Release Date : 2011
Insights From Book Translations On The International Diffusion Of Knowledge written by Isabelle Yin Fong Sin and has been published by Stanford University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Increases in the stock of ideas possessed by societies are central to modern economic growth. The implications of idea flows are striking: Klenow and Rodriguez-Clare (2005) estimate world production would be just 6% of its current level if countries did not share ideas. Yet, although theoretical economists have studied ideas and their diffusion extensively, empirical studies are scarce because ideas are inherently difficult to measure. Previous empirical studies of idea flows have tended to use proxies such as trade flows, foreign direct investment, migration, and patent citations. However, with the exception of the latter, these measures are not pure idea flows, and do not capture the key properties of ideas, namely non-rivalry and disembodiedness. My research proposes a novel measure of idea flows, namely book translations, and uses it to study the factors that affect the international diffusion of ideas. Book translations are an attractive way to quantify idea flows because they are both non-rival and disembodied; they are a pure measure of idea flows rather than a by-product of a process such as trade or migration, and their key purpose is to make the ideas contained in the book accessible to speakers of another language. In chapter 2, I outline the economics literature on ideas and their diffusion. I motivate and discuss book translations as a measure of idea flows, and provide a framework for thinking about when translations are likely to occur. I describe the translation data in chapter 3. The source of the data is an international bibliography of translations collected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. From this bibliography, I compile a data set of over 2 million translations published in 80 countries since the 1949, including detailed information on each title translated. I then document the main patterns of translation flows. In chapter 4, I employ a gravity framework to study how distance affects translation flows between countries. This sheds light both on the barriers to international idea diffusion and on the underlying causes of the negative relationship between distance and trade. Translations differ from trade in that they have zero transportation costs, but they are subject to similar search and information costs and costs of forming contracts. I estimate a gravity model where bilateral translation flows vary with the sizes of the countries and the distance between them, and find the elasticity of translations with respect to distance to be between -0.3 and -0.5 for the 1990s; these values are significantly smaller than the equivalent elasticity for trade found in the literature, suggesting a significant role for transportation costs in the distance effect on trade. In addition, I present several pieces of evidence that suggest supply-side frictions play a larger role in the distance effect on translations than do consumer preferences. For instance, the speed with which titles are translated, which is likely to largely capture supply frictions as opposed to demand factors, decreases significantly with distance. Finally, in joint work with Ran Abramitzky (chapter 5), I study how the collapse of the Communist regime in Eastern Europe at the close of the 1980s affected the international diffusion of ideas. We show that while translations between Communist languages decreased by two thirds with the collapse, Western-to-Communist translations increased by a factor of seven and reached Western levels. Convergence was full in economically-beneficial fields such as sciences and only partial in culturally-beneficial fields such as history. The effects were larger for more Western-oriented countries. These findings help us understand how institutions shape the international diffusion of knowledge and demonstrate the importance of preferences in determining the type of ideas that diffuse into a country.
Comparative Environmental Politics
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Author : Paul F. Steinberg
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2012-02-17
Comparative Environmental Politics written by Paul F. Steinberg and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-17 with Political Science categories.
Combining the theoretical tools of comparative politics with the substantive concerns of environmental policy, experts explore responses to environmental problems across nations and political systems How do different societies respond politically to environmental problems around the globe? Answering this question requires systematic, cross-national comparisons of political institutions, regulatory styles, and state-society relations. The field of comparative environmental politics approaches this task by bringing the theoretical tools of comparative politics to bear on the substantive concerns of environmental policy. This book outlines a comparative environmental politics framework and applies it to concrete, real-world problems of politics and environmental management. After a comprehensive review of the literature exploring domestic environmental politics around the world, the book provides a sample of major currents within the field, showing how environmental politics intersects with such topics as the greening of the state, the rise of social movements and green parties, European Union expansion, corporate social responsibility, federalism, political instability, management of local commons, and policymaking under democratic and authoritarian regimes. It offers fresh insights into environmental problems ranging from climate change to water scarcity and the disappearance of tropical forests, and it examines actions by state and nonstate actors at levels from the local to the continental. The book will help scholars and policymakers make sense of how environmental issues and politics are connected around the globe, and is ideal for use in upper-level undergraduateand graduate courses.
Econom A Fall 2011
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Author : Raquel Bernal
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2011-11-11
Econom A Fall 2011 written by Raquel Bernal and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-11 with Business & Economics categories.
Contents: Editors' Summary A Comparison of Product Price Targeting and Other Monetary Anchor Options for Commodity Exporters in Latin America Jeffrey A. Frankel Inflation Targeting in Latin America: Toward a Monetary Union? Marc Hofstetter Is Violence against Union Members in Colombia Systematic and Targeted? Daniel Mejía and María José Uribe The Dynamics of Income Inequality in Mexico since NAFTA Geraldo Esquivel
Salvador Allende And The Villa San Luis
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Author : Patricia Vilches
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-01-01
Salvador Allende And The Villa San Luis written by Patricia Vilches and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-01 with Social Science categories.
Through the history of this housing complex, this book illuminates Salvador Allende’s dedication to the imperative of the right to the city for Chile’s marginalized people. Built in affluent Las Condes in Santiago, on what is arguably the most expensive parcel of land in Chile, the Villa San Luis was one of Salvador Allende’s most visible and dramatic social projects. Allende’s six-year term was ended in the middle by a military coup d’état on 11th September 1973. Yet, material culture from Villa San Luis remains to convey the legacy of his commitment to providing disadvantaged families with dignified housing. It is a national lieu de mémoire and an iconic space, a reminder of a truly remarkable innovation in social housing and of Allende’s personal and political commitment to making Santiago a just city. Postcoup, the remains of the complex also relate the wider injustice of the Pinochet regime. Many of its families were violently evicted during the dictatorship. Some were dispossessed, taken away from Las Condes in garbage trucks, and dumped in poor communities around Santiago. The land was usurped by Pinochet on behalf of the army and later sold to developers to construct high-rise symbols of a new, neoliberal Chile. Over the decades, however, former residents fought back and, in 2020, they succeeded in making its one remaining structure, remnants of Block 14, a memorialized place of justice and reconciliation. It now a national monument and museum.
World Military Expenditures And Arms Transfers
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
World Military Expenditures And Arms Transfers written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Armed Forces categories.
Credit Booms And Macroeconomic Dynamics
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Author : Mr.Marco Arena
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-01-22
Credit Booms And Macroeconomic Dynamics written by Mr.Marco Arena and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-22 with Business & Economics categories.
Using a comprehensive database on bank credit, covering 135 developing countries over the period 1960–2011, we identify, document, and compare the macro-economic dynamics of credit booms across low- and middle-income countries. The results suggest that while the duration and magnitude of credit booms is similar across country groups, macro-economic dynamics differ somewhat in low-income countries. We further find that surges in capital inflows are associated with credit booms. Moreover, credit booms associated with banking crises exhibit distinct macroeconomic dynamics, while also reflecting a potentially large deviation of credit from country fundamentals. These results suggest that low-income countries should remain mindful of the inter-linkages between financial liberalization, increased cross-border banking activities, and rapid credit growth.
Foreign Operations Export Financing And Related Programs Appropriations For 1989
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Foreign Operations Export Financing And Related Programs Appropriations For 1989 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Economic assistance, American categories.
Working Paper Series
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Working Paper Series written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Economics categories.
Lending Booms
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Author : Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Lending Booms written by Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Balance of payments categories.
Recent theories of crisis put lending booms at the root of financial collapses. Yet lending booms may be a natural consequence of economic development and fluctuations. So are lending booms dangerous? In this paper, we investigate empirically this question using a broad sample of lending boom episodes over 40 years, with a special eye for Latin America. Our results indicate that (1) lending booms are often associated with (i) a domestic investment boom; (ii) an increase in domestic interest rates; (iii) a worsening of the current account; (iv) a declines in reserves; (v) a real appreciation; (vi) a decline in output growth, (2) 'typical' lending booms do not increase substantially the vulnerability of the banking sector or the balance of payments. Comparing Latin America and the rest of the world, we find that Latin America lending booms make the economy considerably more volatile and vulnerable to financial and balance of payment crisis.