China S Road In The Great Divergence Qing S Model Of Economic Development In The 1644 1911 Era
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China S Road In The Great Divergence Qing S Model Of Economic Development In The 1644 1911 Era
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Author : Yuping Ni
language : zh-CN
Publisher: Tsinghua University Press
Release Date : 2023-10-01
China S Road In The Great Divergence Qing S Model Of Economic Development In The 1644 1911 Era written by Yuping Ni and has been published by Tsinghua University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-01 with History categories.
This book is one of the few Chinese academic works published directly in English that discusses the similarities and differences in the paths of economic development between China and the West during the Qing Dynasty. It attempts to explore the very important question：Whether Qing China in the late 18th and early 19th centuries had a unique or similar path of economic development compared with Western countries？Also, when and why China lost its prominent position as the richest economy in world history, in the sixteenth, eighteenth or nineteenth century? Was this position lost because of policies by the Chinese state; policies on trade, taxes or trust, or was it about the access to coal, capital and colonies in the other countries? And when this happened, was it China that diverted from the standard track, or was it the country that took over; England, the Dutch Republic, or the young United States? This book not only provides answers to the above questions, but also critiques the existing historical GDP studies and "Great Diversion" studies, and emphasizes the importance of using first-hand historical data for research. The book brings such evidence to the table, fresh from the archives. Important data presented on fiscal and financial policies in the Qing Dynasty is put in context and discussed. It analyzes the population expansion and the countermeasures of the Qing dynasty before the "Malthusian Miracle"; estimates the total value of commercial output in the first half of the 19th century based on the market circulation of major commodities and tariff records; examines the changes in the Qing financial system with Xianfeng-Tongzhi reigns as the turning point; and analyzes the government borrowing activities during the this period as well as the Qing government's relief efforts during the Great Flood of 1823. Written by Yuping Ni, professor of Department of History, School of Humanities, Tsinghua University. He is a scholar who presented his material and ideas at seminars and workshops in different parts of Asia, Europe and the United States. During this year Ni published a book with Brill Publishers in Leiden (Customs Duties in the Qing Dynasty, ca.1644-1911), wrote an article—in cooperation with Dr. Martin Uebele—published in the Australian Economic History Review.
State Economy And The Great Divergence
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Author : Peer Vries
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2015-04-23
State Economy And The Great Divergence written by Peer Vries and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-23 with History categories.
An exploration of the debates surrounding the comparative economic development of Europe and Asia.
The Uniqueness Of China S Development Model
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Author : Kwok-wah Yip
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2012
The Uniqueness Of China S Development Model written by Kwok-wah Yip and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Business & Economics categories.
The book discusses the development model of China which has now overtaken Japan as the world''s second largest economy. This remarkable economic achievement has not followed the Western world''s favorite developmental tools OCo of freedom, democracy and a market driven economy, but rather China''s unique model OCo of one-party authoritarian rule with a mixed economy. The Middle Kingdom''s way of development has largely questioned the West''s core values OCo freedom and democracy. The book argues that the model is based on the country''s 3,000-year-old civilization, forged by the efforts, innovations, trial and error process of several recent generations, and guided by the Chinese Communist Party in the past 60 years.
Customs Duties In The Qing Dynasty Ca 1644 1911
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Author : Yuping Ni
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2016-11-07
Customs Duties In The Qing Dynasty Ca 1644 1911 written by Yuping Ni and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-07 with Business & Economics categories.
The first English research monograph on customs duties in China, ca. 1644-1911.
Economic History Of The Qing Dynasty
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Author : Li Shi
language : en
Publisher: DeepLogic
Release Date :
Economic History Of The Qing Dynasty written by Li Shi and has been published by DeepLogic this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with History categories.
The book is the volume of “Economic History of the Qing Dynasty” among a series of books of “Deep into China Histories”. The earliest known written records of the history of China date from as early as 1250 BC, from the Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC) and the Bamboo Annals (296 BC) describe a Xia dynasty (c. 2070–1600 BC) before the Shang, but no writing is known from the period The Shang ruled in the Yellow River valley, which is commonly held to be the cradle of Chinese civilization. However, Neolithic civilizations originated at various cultural centers along both the Yellow River and Yangtze River. These Yellow River and Yangtze civilizations arose millennia before the Shang. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the world's oldest civilizations, and is regarded as one of the cradles of civilization.The Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BC) supplanted the Shang and introduced the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule. The central Zhou government began to weaken due to external and internal pressures in the 8th century BC, and the country eventually splintered into smaller states during the Spring and Autumn period. These states became independent and warred with one another in the following Warring States period. Much of traditional Chinese culture, literature and philosophy first developed during those troubled times.In 221 BC Qin Shi Huang conquered the various warring states and created for himself the title of Huangdi or "emperor" of the Qin, marking the beginning of imperial China. However, the oppressive government fell soon after his death, and was supplanted by the longer-lived Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). Successive dynasties developed bureaucratic systems that enabled the emperor to control vast territories directly. In the 21 centuries from 206 BC until AD 1912, routine administrative tasks were handled by a special elite of scholar-officials. Young men, well-versed in calligraphy, history, literature, and philosophy, were carefully selected through difficult government examinations. China's last dynasty was the Qing (1644–1912), which was replaced by the Republic of China in 1912, and in the mainland by the People's Republic of China in 1949.Chinese history has alternated between periods of political unity and peace, and periods of war and failed statehood – the most recent being the Chinese Civil War (1927–1949). China was occasionally dominated by steppe peoples, most of whom were eventually assimilated into the Han Chinese culture and population. Between eras of multiple kingdoms and warlordism, Chinese dynasties have ruled parts or all of China; in some eras control stretched as far as Xinjiang and Tibet, as at present. Traditional culture, and influences from other parts of Asia and the Western world (carried by waves of immigration, cultural assimilation, expansion, and foreign contact), form the basis of the modern culture of China.
The Reasons For China S Economic Stagnation During The Ming Qing Period
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Author : Christoph Butz
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2011-09-13
The Reasons For China S Economic Stagnation During The Ming Qing Period written by Christoph Butz and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-13 with Foreign Language Study categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject Orientalism / Sinology - Chinese / China, grade: 2,0, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (-), language: English, abstract: The industrial revolution in Europe, or more precisely, in Britain changed the global economy substantially. Major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining and transport through technological innovations led to a shift of global economic dominance from China to Europe between the 18th and 19th century. Until that point, China has been the largest and most efficient market-economy in the world, leading in agriculture, transportation and innovations. Every major contribution that led to the industrial revolution in Europe was also prevalent in China, but still the country did not do the next step forward and was overhauled by Britain quickly. The objective of this paper is to examine the reasons why an industrial revolution did not occur in China during the Ming/Qing period, although it was the leading economy in the world. Therefore, the first section will shortly outline the economic development of China before the 14th century. Thereafter, two different theories about the reasons for China’s stagnation will be explained, before a critical evaluation of both theories will be provided. Last, a conclusion will summarize the main findings of this paper and give an outlook on future debates.
State Peasant And Merchant In Qing Manchuria 1644 1862
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Author : Christopher Mills Isett
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 2007
State Peasant And Merchant In Qing Manchuria 1644 1862 written by Christopher Mills Isett and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with History categories.
This study seeks to lay bare the relationship between the sociopolitical structures that shaped peasant lives in Manchuria (northeast China) during the Qing dynasty and the development of that region’s economy. The book is written in three parts. It begins with an analysis of the ideological, political, and economic interests of the Qing ruling house in defending its homeland in the northeast against occupation by non-Manchus, and examines how these interests informed state policy and the reconfiguration of the region’s social landscape in the first decades of the dynasty. The book then addresses how this agrarian configuration unraveled under challenge from settler peasant communities and gives an account of the resulting property and labor regimes. The study ends with an account of how that social formation configured peasant economic behavior and in so doing established the limits of economic change and trade growth.
Institutions And Chinese Economic Development
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Author : Li Tan
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-11-10
Institutions And Chinese Economic Development written by Li Tan and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-10 with Business & Economics categories.
China’s rise as an economic power has posed some challenging questions: how did China achieve GDP growth that was even faster than the Four Asian Tigers? Is the "Chinese model" superior? Why hasn’t the rapid economic growth lead to democracy in the country as many observers expected? And can China sustain its rapid economic growth with its existing social system? Institutions and Chinese Economic Development: A Comparative Historical Approach explores these questions by studying the historical relationship between institutions and economic development in China, drawing comparisons with England, Japan and other Asian economies as appropriate. The investigation focuses on several junctures in China’s economic development: the starting point of the divergence between China and the West; the externally-provoked industrial development in the late 19th century; and the contemporary Chinese Miracle. The analysis foregrounds the role played by Chinese institutions and examines their effects on both the country’s failure to industrialize in the past and its economic achievements in recent time. The book also asks whether, without reform to the existing state institutions, China might still be subject to the historical dynastic cycles today, despite its recent economic success. This work is of great interest to students and scholars of the Chinese economy, economic history and institutional economics, as well as comparative history and Chinese studies more broadly.
Conflicting Counsels To Confuse The Age
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Author : Helen Dunstan
language : en
Publisher: U of M Center for Chinese Studies
Release Date : 2020-08
Conflicting Counsels To Confuse The Age written by Helen Dunstan and has been published by U of M Center for Chinese Studies this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08 with categories.
Conflicting Counsels to Confuse the Age translates and analyzes thirty-eight memorials to the throne and other Qing documents dealing with important issues of Chinese political economy, providing thoughtful and provocative commentary. Subjects covered by the texts include water control, mining, grain trade, pawnshops, brewing, and commercial shipping. The documents also contain detailed discussions of how the state should control wealth, self-interest, profit, hoarding, and the market. In translating these primary sources, Helen Dunstan invites fellow specialists in Chinese studies, including Qing historians, to watch Qing officials and others thinking through problems of political economy and developing arguments to persuade colleagues or superiors. By emphasizing their rhetorical nature and genre conventions, Dunstan offers a reminder that it is improper to use the "information" in such texts without attention to the author's purpose, and without grasping the rhetorical structure of the text as a whole. As a model for close reading, Conflicting Counsels aims to induce greater sensitivity to the nature of Qing records.The second purpose of Conflicting Counsels is to help dispel the notion that economic liberalism is necessarily a Western, "modern" phenomenon. Many of the texts translated record areas of tension and controversy in eighteenth-century approaches to a central project of Confucian paternalist administration, "nourishing the people" (yangmin). Although Dunstan attempts to present both sides fairly, some materials included present the opinion that, in certain vital matters, it was better for the state to stand aside, and leave society's own economic institutions, trade in particular, to handle things. While not a majority, the texts that build some kind of market mechanism argument should be of greatest interest to Qing historians.
To Achieve Security And Wealth
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Author : Jane Kate Leonard
language : en
Publisher: Cornell East Asia Series
Release Date : 1992
To Achieve Security And Wealth written by Jane Kate Leonard and has been published by Cornell East Asia Series this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with History categories.
The studies in this collection re-examine the role of the Qing state in the private economy. They show in a variety of cases how the interaction between the two helped the state achieve its goals of social stability and security while enhancing the prosperity of private economic interests.