China Us Trade Frictions Shaping New Equilibriums With The Eu And The Us Towards A New Multilateralism Or Tripolarism
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China Us Trade Frictions Shaping New Equilibriums With The Eu And The Us Towards A New Multilateralism Or Tripolarism
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Author : Xugang Yu
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2021-01-05
China Us Trade Frictions Shaping New Equilibriums With The Eu And The Us Towards A New Multilateralism Or Tripolarism written by Xugang Yu and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-05 with Political Science categories.
This book shows the impact of the recent trade tensions between China and the US on the world trade order, and how parties have reached a deal (so called 'phase one', January 2020), which could lead to a more comprehensive agreement, and the consequences of these 'adjustments' in shaping new equilibriums.After 40 years, China has transformed into an economic superpower, which could now rival the US. This has evoked some concerns, and put the US in an uncomfortable position, as the US views the rise of China as a threat to its predominance and interests. However, China's development and its increasing economic power, which is a direct consequence of the ongoing reform process, is unstoppable.The confrontation between China and the US will favor Chinese expansion into the EU not only because the EU offers a more receptive environment for Chinese Foreign Direct Investment, but also because the EU and China have more in common if we consider the Belt And Road Initiative and the new bilateral investment agreement which is under negotiation. The EU, not only represents the final destination of the BRI, but also a more logical and convenient trade partner for China.The shift of Chinese attention toward the EU will also change the equilibrium between China, the EU and the US, bring forth the negotiation of new trade agreements, and move the entire international community towards a new world trade order and a new multilateralism which might evolve into a tripolarism.
World S Transition Toward A Green Economy Achieving The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals And Promoting The Role Of Green Finance
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Author : Xugang Yu
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2023-10-04
World S Transition Toward A Green Economy Achieving The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals And Promoting The Role Of Green Finance written by Xugang Yu and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-04 with Business & Economics categories.
This book treats different themes which are intrinsically linked and of extreme significance for the entire global community such as the necessity to cut emissions and transit toward a more sustainable and green economy. The content extends to the urgency to shape a new multilateralism and reinforce cooperation to achieve global goods, where the environment comes first, to the green finance which will play a fundamental role for the green transition paying particular attention to the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.A particular emphasis is given to the so-called 'Dual Circulation Strategy' (DCS) which is presently becoming the priority not only for China but also for the rest of the global community. Due to the uncertainties caused by the pandemic and other external factors, China has substituted GDP growth with the so-called six guarantees (liù bǎo 六保) which represent the six fundamental aspects of the economy and society that according to the central government must receive priority attention, and protection in economic policy to ensure economic recovery. China also introduced the concept of an 'ecological civilization' (shēngtài wénmíng 生态文明) through green, low-carbon economic development. One of the targets is to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060, though the rest of the global community and in particular the European Union with its Green Deal, and the US with its renewed climate policies, are pushing to reach this objective in 2050.In order to grant all these developments, 'green finance' plays a fundamental role for the success of this green transition. Therefore, a substantial part of this book explores the many aspects surrounding this theme. Due to renewables playing a very important role in the green transition, the final part of this book explores investment opportunities related to the development of these alternative sources of energy.
Impact Of Covid 19 On World Aviation Industry The Challenges And Opportunities
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Author : Paolo Rizzi
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2022-03-16
Impact Of Covid 19 On World Aviation Industry The Challenges And Opportunities written by Paolo Rizzi and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-16 with Business & Economics categories.
This book aims to illustrate the impact of COVID-19 on the global aviation industry and its many facets and disruptive innovations this crisis is bringing to the industry, triggering a new phase of development for air transportation. As a result, there has been increased attention on the green aviation industry using new sustainable fuels (including hydrogen). The aviation industry is also moving towards operating electric aircraft. The book emphasizes a new concept of air travel and an entirely new type of aircraft called eVTOL, which is to say - electric Vertical take-off and landing aircraft. This new reality is already taking place with the development of prototypes. However, the road to its implementation is full of challenges.The later part of the book focuses on how China has opened doors to the private aviation sector as the country foresees an enormous opportunity to push its internal economy and aviation industry further.
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Author : 黃伯和主編
language : zh-CN
Publisher: 財團法人恩惠文教基金會
Release Date : 2024-06-30
written by 黃伯和主編 and has been published by 財團法人恩惠文教基金會 this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-30 with Political Science categories.
「人類社會在地緣政治激烈變化之下，在 20 世紀前半時期連續發生的兩次的世界大戰（第一次 1914-1918，第二次 1939-1945），在經歷兩次浩劫式的世界大戰後，在由美蘇領導下的兩派不同意識形態陣營，即資本主義和社會主義，形成冷戰形態的對峙。雖然少數（弱勢）不結盟國家遊走期間，世界格局基本上是由兩陣營分裂的狀態。到八○年代末、九○年代初，蘇聯崩解，柏林圍牆倒榻、資本主義陣營勝出，冷戰於焉結束。進入後冷戰時期，以美國為首的資本主義發展成全球化的態勢，美國的政、經、軍一時之間獨霸天下，成為世界秩序的制訂者。為了攏絡世界人口最多的中國，將其長期掌控在其勢力範圍下，美國採取了對中國的綏靖政策，在經濟投資、外交承認、國際參與各方面給予大力扶植。甚至不惜以犧牲其傳統盟誼國家為代價。然而經過近半個世紀的綏靖政策，把中國扶植成世界第二大經濟體，軍事、國際影響力都可與美國匹敵之後，美國卻噩夢初醒，發現一手扶植的中國，不但不與他站在同一陣線，甚至宣稱東升西降，要取代美國成為世界秩序的新的制定者。於是，慌張的後冷戰帝國隨即鋪天蓋地的採取反制措施，東西帝國於焉形成對峙，各自拉幫結派把國際地緣政治推向「新冷戰」的格局。新冷戰的不同陣營分別以國家體制優勢為訴求，以歐美國家為首的陣營主要訴求民主、自由、人權保障的優越性，以中國、俄羅斯及伊朗為首的陣營則訴求專制體制的效率及穩定。 在民主視野下，民主國家與其他國家之間可能存在著價值觀和政治制度上的對立。民主國家通常強調人權、自由和法治，並支持多元化和公民參與。而非民主國家則可能採取專制統治、壓制自由和限制公民權利。 新冷戰還可能涉及到地緣政治的角力和區域利益的衝突。例如，在某些地區，民主國家與非民主國家爭奪影響力和控制權，這可能導致地區的不穩定和緊張局勢。此外，科技競爭也可能是新冷戰的一個重要方面。民主國家和非民主國家可能在人工智能、數據隱私、網絡安全等領域進行競爭和對抗。 新冷戰的出現對於全球格局和國際關係產生了深遠的影響。國際社會需要面對如何平衡不同國家和價值觀之間的關係，維護和促進穩定、合作和對話的重要性。同時，民主國家也需要在捍衛自身價值觀的同時，避免對抗升級和封閉性政策的出現，以免加劇對立和分裂。 本書即在此一面對「新冷戰」的地緣政治快速形成之際，透過舉辦神學與跨領域學科的合作研討的一個成果。本書的出版除了參加研討會諸位專家學者的投入、貢獻外，也要特別感謝黃琬珺老師的企畫案撰寫，以及合辦單位，包括玄奘大學宗教與人文學系、台南神學院、加利利宣教神學研究院、華人民主書院，還有協辦單位：國立自然科學博物館的支持、合作，也感謝立法院民主基金會的指導補助。希望本書的出版能拋磚引玉，讓發展中的地緣政治議題得到更多的關注與反省。也讓人類生命的價值獲得更普遍的珍惜與守護。
Rethinking Democratisation In Spain Greece And Portugal
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Author : Maria Elena Cavallaro
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-04-23
Rethinking Democratisation In Spain Greece And Portugal written by Maria Elena Cavallaro and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-23 with Political Science categories.
This edited collection explores the ways in which the 2008/2009 social and economic crisis in Southern Europe affected the interpretation of the transitional past in Spain, Greece and Portugal. Discussing topics such as public memory, Europeanism and uses of the past by grassroots movements, the volume showcases how the crisis challenged consolidated perceptions of the transitions as ‘success stories’. It revisits the dominant historical narratives around Southern European transitions to democracy more than forty years since the demise of authoritarian regimes, bringing together contributors from history, cultural studies, political science and sociology.
Social Standards In Eu And Us Trade Agreements
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Author : Evgeny Postnikov
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-04-02
Social Standards In Eu And Us Trade Agreements written by Evgeny Postnikov and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-02 with Political Science categories.
This book examines the causes and consequences of social standards in US and EU preferential trade agreements (PTAs). PTAs are the new reality of the global trading system. Pursued by both developed and developing countries, they increasingly incorporate labor and environmental issues to prevent a race to the bottom in social regulation and counter-protectionism. Using principal-agent theory to explore why US PTAs have stricter social standards than those signed by the EU, Postnikov argues that the level of institutional insulation of trade policy executives from interest groups and legislators determines the design of social standards. In the EU, where institutional insulation is high, social standards mirror the normative preferences of the European Commission leading to a softer approach. In the US, where such insulation is low, social standards are driven by interest groups and legislators they control, resulting in a stricter approach. This book shows that both approaches can be effective but work through different causal mechanisms. To test his argument, Postnikov draws on original data collected in Brussels, Washington, Santiago, Bogota, and Seoul. This book will be of interest to all scholars and students working in the fields of international political economy and EU and US trade policy.
Services Liberalization In Asean
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Author : Tham Siew Yean
language : en
Publisher: ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute
Release Date : 2017-11-14
Services Liberalization In Asean written by Tham Siew Yean and has been published by ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-14 with Business & Economics categories.
The services sector plays an important role in ASEAN economies as it accounts for about half of the region’s GDP and more than 45 per cent of its total employment. ASEAN aspires to deepen integration in the services sector in order to enhance the sector’s contribution to economic development and growth in each country. Despite this, services liberalization has progressed slowly compared to goods liberalization both at the multilateral and the regional levels. Different regulatory mechanisms across countries have contributed to the slow pace of liberalization.
Us China Strategic Economic Competition
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Author : Alicia García-Herrero
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Us China Strategic Economic Competition written by Alicia García-Herrero and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Trade has always been a cornerstone of connectivity between nations around the world. However, the world order which was established after the second world war, based on the ideals of multilateralism, the rule of law, market economy and free trade, is undergoing massive shifts and facing a multitude of challenges. Since early 2018, rising trade tensions have become a major cause of geopolitical volatility. With the US imposing three rounds of tariffs on more than $250bn worth of Chinese goods, we witnessed China retaliating by imposing tariffs ranging from 5% to 25% on $110bn of US products. The escalating US-China tension over the last few years has not only contributed to market uncertainty but has also led many to question if multilateralism is slowly giving way to preferential trade deals, leading perhaps ultimately to the decline of multilateralism. While it has been repeatedly pointed out that the US runs a large deficit with China and it is quite well known that China has over the years flouted many global rules of trade and exchange rate management, an attempt to rectify this by raising tariffs on Chinese goods is not the best way forward. Furthermore, the US attempt to isolate China is virtually impossible as the Chinese government's Belt and Road Initiative now involves around 126 countries and 29 international organisations. While the temporary truce between the US and China in the recent G20 meeting has given cause for optimism, just days after the truce, Europe became the new target of US trade policies. The US proposal of new tariffs on EU goods worth $4bn covering 89 products could be seen as an intensification of the trade fight with the EU over aircraft subsidies. The US has been locked in a dispute with the European Union for years over two of the largest airplane manufacturers. As the escalation of trade tensions comes just after the truce with China, there is a growing sense that the danger of departure from multilateralism still looms ahead. This departure from the multilateral trade system would have pernicious long-term effects and would lead to the creation of a complex web of trade barriers erected, which will affect global economic growth and prosperity. Without US support for open market principles, and the divergent interests of economies and trading blocs, countries are facing a major choice between openness and isolation, between the belief in win-win cooperations or a zero-sum game. The need for global economic and trade cooperation has never been greater. It is important that nations strengthen their ties and uphold multilateralism and the rules-based free trade system. Europe and Asia as “natural partners” have a common interest in preserving a rules-based, cooperative and international system where multilateral organisations are the natural fora for achieving common objectives.In this issue of Panorama, we focus on the economic and trade connectivity between Asia and Europe. Our authors not only look at the US-China trade war but also provide an overview of Asia-Europe relations in the age of rising uncertainty, including the development and implications of the Asia-Europe connectivity strategy and the Belt and Road Initiative. The impact of regional blocs on trade relations between Asia and Europe is also elucidated. Aside from the various multilateral and bilateral trade deals, the articles also look at other issues such as currency swap and bilateral agreements which help to forge a common bond between Asia and Europe.
Trade Frictions Between China And The Us
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Author : Markus Karmann
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2012-05-03
Trade Frictions Between China And The Us written by Markus Karmann and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-03 with Business & Economics categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: 1,1, The University of Hong Kong, language: English, abstract: History plays a funny role in repeating itself. With light of the current trade frictions between the United States and China, their trading histories become increasingly relevant. Little did both sides know the substantial impact of President Nixon’s 1972 meeting with Chairman Mao—the event laid the basis for growth and development between both countries for the next several decades: into a present where the US dominates while China has the fastest growing financial market of the Twenty-first Century. Up until recently, their trade relations have been, if not smooth, at least civil. However, the increasing number of disputes in trade and policy-making may adversely affect the development of Sino-US relations on the world market. As the international society turns their critiquing eyes towards the friction currently plaguing the US and China, the two world powers are placed in the precarious position of settling these disputes to not only decide the future of their own fragile partnership, but the ultimate direction of the world trading scene.
The China Us Trade War
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Author : Guoyong Liang
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2020-06-10
The China Us Trade War written by Guoyong Liang and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-10 with Business & Economics categories.
An unprecedented trade war broke out between the world’s two largest economies in 2018 and escalated subsequently. It is the first major economic conflict to occur in the era of globalization, with its aftermath going far beyond trade. The trade war weighs heavily on China and the United States and threatens the world economy and the global trading system. This book provides a timely account of the China–US trade war with insights into its causes and consequences. Examining through the lenses of both history and theory, it analyzes the context and causes of the trade war, the intertwined processes of tariff combat and trade negotiations, and the impacts on international trade, foreign direct investment, macroeconomic performance and firm behaviour. It also addresses the long-term strategic and geopolitical implications of the ongoing trade and economic confrontation. This book will appeal to those interested in international economics and politics, global governance and development.