Chip Multiprocessor Architecture
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Chip Multiprocessor Architecture
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Author : Kunle Olukotun
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-31
Chip Multiprocessor Architecture written by Kunle Olukotun and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Chip multiprocessors - also called multi-core microprocessors or CMPs for short - are now the only way to build high-performance microprocessors, for a variety of reasons. Large uniprocessors are no longer scaling in performance, because it is only possible to extract a limited amount of parallelism from a typical instruction stream using conventional superscalar instruction issue techniques. In addition, one cannot simply ratchet up the clock speed on today's processors, or the power dissipation will become prohibitive in all but water-cooled systems. Compounding these problems is the simple fact that with the immense numbers of transistors available on today's microprocessor chips, it is too costly to design and debug ever-larger processors every year or two. CMPs avoid these problems by filling up a processor die with multiple, relatively simpler processor cores instead of just one huge core. The exact size of a CMP's cores can vary from very simple pipelines to moderately complex superscalar processors, but once a core has been selected the CMP's performance can easily scale across silicon process generations simply by stamping down more copies of the hard-to-design, high-speed processor core in each successive chip generation. In addition, parallel code execution, obtained by spreading multiple threads of execution across the various cores, can achieve significantly higher performance than would be possible using only a single core. While parallel threads are already common in many useful workloads, there are still important workloads that are hard to divide into parallel threads. The low inter-processor communication latency between the cores in a CMP helps make a much wider range of applications viable candidates for parallel execution than was possible with conventional, multi-chip multiprocessors; nevertheless, limited parallelism in key applications is the main factor limiting acceptance of CMPs in some types of systems. After a discussion of the basic pros and cons of CMPs when they are compared with conventional uniprocessors, this book examines how CMPs can best be designed to handle two radically different kinds of workloads that are likely to be used with a CMP: highly parallel, throughput-sensitive applications at one end of the spectrum, and less parallel, latency-sensitive applications at the other. Throughput-sensitive applications, such as server workloads that handle many independent transactions at once, require careful balancing of all parts of a CMP that can limit throughput, such as the individual cores, on-chip cache memory, and off-chip memory interfaces. Several studies and example systems, such as the Sun Niagara, that examine the necessary tradeoffs are presented here. In contrast, latency-sensitive applications - many desktop applications fall into this category - require a focus on reducing inter-core communication latency and applying techniques to help programmers divide their programs into multiple threads as easily as possible. This book discusses many techniques that can be used in CMPs to simplify parallel programming, with an emphasis on research directions proposed at Stanford University. To illustrate the advantages possible with a CMP using a couple of solid examples, extra focus is given to thread-level speculation (TLS), a way to automatically break up nominally sequential applications into parallel threads on a CMP, and transactional memory. This model can greatly simplify manual parallel programming by using hardware - instead of conventional software locks - to enforce atomic code execution of blocks of instructions, a technique that makes parallel coding much less error-prone. Contents: The Case for CMPs / Improving Throughput / Improving Latency Automatically / Improving Latency using Manual Parallel Programming / A Multicore World: The Future of CMPs
Chip Multiprocessor Architecture Techniques To Improve Throughput And Latency
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Author : Kunle Olukotun
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Chip Multiprocessor Architecture Techniques To Improve Throughput And Latency written by Kunle Olukotun and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Computer architecture categories.
Multiprocessor System On Chip
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Author : Michael Hübner
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-11-25
Multiprocessor System On Chip written by Michael Hübner and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The purpose of this book is to evaluate strategies for future system design in multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) architectures. Both hardware design and integration of new development tools will be discussed. Novel trends in MPSoC design, combined with reconfigurable architectures are a main topic of concern. The main emphasis is on architectures, design-flow, tool-development, applications and system design.
A Single Chip Multiprocessor Architecture With Hardware Thread Support
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Author : Gregory Michael Wright
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
A Single Chip Multiprocessor Architecture With Hardware Thread Support written by Gregory Michael Wright and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Polymorphic Chip Multiprocessor Architecture
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Author : Alexandre Solomatnikov
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Polymorphic Chip Multiprocessor Architecture written by Alexandre Solomatnikov and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Chip Multiprocessor Generator
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Author : Ofer Shacham
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University
Release Date : 2011
Chip Multiprocessor Generator written by Ofer Shacham and has been published by Stanford University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Recent changes in technology scaling have made power dissipation today's major performance limiter. As a result, designers struggle to meet performance requirements under stringent power budgets. At the same time, the traditional solution to power efficiency, application specific designs, has become prohibitively expensive due to increasing nonrecurring engineering (NRE) costs. Most concerning are the development costs for design, validation, and software for new systems. In this thesis, we argue that one can harness ideas of reconfigurable designs to build a design framework that can generate semi-custom chips --- a Chip Generator. A domain specific chip generator codifies the designer knowledge and design trade-offs into a template that can be used to create many different chips. Like reconfigurable designs, these systems fix the top level system architecture, amortizing software and validation and design costs, and enabling a rich system simulation environment for application developers. Meanwhile, below the top level, the developer can "program" the individual inner components of the architecture. Unlike reconfigurable chips, a generator "compiles" the program to create a customized chip. This compilation process occurs at elaboration time --- long before silicon is fabricated. The result is a framework that enables more customization of the generated chip at the architectural level, because additional components and logic can be added if the customization process requires it. At the same time this framework does not introduce inefficiency at the circuit level because unneeded circuit overheads are not taped out. Using Chip Generators, we argue, will enable design houses to design a wide family of chips using a cost structure similar to that of designing a single chip --- potentially saving tens of millions of dollars --- while enabling per-application customization and optimization.
Multi Processor System On Chip 1
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Author : Liliana Andrade
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2021-03-12
Multi Processor System On Chip 1 written by Liliana Andrade and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-12 with Computers categories.
A Multi-Processor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) is the key component for complex applications. These applications put huge pressure on memory, communication devices and computing units. This book, presented in two volumes – Architectures and Applications – therefore celebrates the 20th anniversary of MPSoC, an interdisciplinary forum that focuses on multi-core and multi-processor hardware and software systems. It is this interdisciplinarity which has led to MPSoC bringing together experts in these fields from around the world, over the last two decades. Multi-Processor System-on-Chip 1 covers the key components of MPSoC: processors, memory, interconnect and interfaces. It describes advance features of these components and technologies to build efficient MPSoC architectures. All the main components are detailed: use of memory and their technology, communication support and consistency, and specific processor architectures for general purposes or for dedicated applications.
Microprocessor Architecture
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Author : Jean-Loup Baer
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010
Microprocessor Architecture written by Jean-Loup Baer and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Computers categories.
This book describes the architecture of microprocessors from simple in-order short pipeline designs to out-of-order superscalars.
A Novel Compiler Framework For A Chip Multiprocessor Architecture With Thread Level Speculation
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Author : James Murray Tuck (III.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
A Novel Compiler Framework For A Chip Multiprocessor Architecture With Thread Level Speculation written by James Murray Tuck (III.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
Evaluating The Scalability Of Sdf Single Chip Multiprocessor Architecture Using Automatically Parallelizing Code
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Evaluating The Scalability Of Sdf Single Chip Multiprocessor Architecture Using Automatically Parallelizing Code written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Computer architecture categories.
