Chloride Ingress Into Submerged Concrete Under Sustained Load
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Chloride Ingress Into Submerged Concrete Under Sustained Load
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Author : Andrew Karam
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Chloride Ingress Into Submerged Concrete Under Sustained Load written by Andrew Karam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with University of Ottawa theses categories.
A harsh, cold, and icy environment is of no surprise to the conditions of a winter climate, where the wide use of de-icing salts on roads and highways allows for the initiation of chloride-induced corrosion of the reinforcement of concrete structures; a reduced service life, loss of structural integrity, visible damages, and ultimately structural failure are among the many unwanted effects of rebar corrosion. Chloride ingress into concrete has been extensively studied for the last four decades; however, most of the relevant research to date does not take into account the effects of sustained loading on chloride transport properties. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of sustained compressive and tensile stresses on chloride ingress into concrete, and ultimately to understand what the effect of sustained stress is on chloride penetration depth, on chloride concentration by % weight of concrete, and on apparent diffusion coefficients by comparing results to those of unloaded control specimens. To achieve these objectives, six post-tensioned and four non-reinforced control concrete beams were constructed with different water-to-cement (w/c) ratios and completely submerged in a 4-5% de-icing salt (NaCl) solution for 12 weeks, allowing chloride transfer to be completely governed by continuous diffusion. The effects of supplementary cementing material on chloride ingress are also studied. Concrete beams were post-tensioned to induce variable sustained compressive and tensile stresses along the beam. After 12 weeks of exposure, beams were fractured at specific locations and sprayed with a 0.1N silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution to determine average penetration depths; chloride concentration profiles were obtained from potentiometric titration of grinded powder samples. Apparent chloride diffusion coefficients were then obtained from the results of spraying AgNO3 and titration, the latter by non-linear regression curve-fitting to Fick's second law of diffusion. A good agreement between results from both methods reveals that the use of AgNO3 in field is acceptable in predicting the rate of chloride ingress in concrete sustaining stress. The chloride diffusivity for each profile, relative to that of the unstressed section, was related to the compressive and tensile stresses in the concrete section. The experimental results indicate the dependence of chloride ingress and concentration on the type and level of sustained stress. An analysis of the results to study the effects of the w/c ratio using colourimetric (silver nitrate spray) and potentiometric titration methods was also completed.
International Review Of Chloride Ingress Into Structural Concrete
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Author : P. B. Bamforth
language : en
Publisher: Thomas Telford
Release Date : 1997-04-10
International Review Of Chloride Ingress Into Structural Concrete written by P. B. Bamforth and has been published by Thomas Telford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-04-10 with categories.
The deterioration of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures resulting from the corrosion of the steel reinforcement is a worldwide problem. As long as salt is used for de-icing or structures are built near the coast, chloride will continue to be a primary factor in compromising the durability of a structure. This report deals specifically with the ingress of salt from the environment, which can lead to severe corrosion of reinforcement. It reviews the international state-of-the-art with regard to chloride ingress into concrete and, in particular, considers: - The influence of concreting materials, mix design, curing and environment - methods for the detection of chloride ingress in structures - techniques used for studying chloride ingress
Performance Based Specifications And Control Of Concrete Durability
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Author : Hans Beushausen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-09-24
Performance Based Specifications And Control Of Concrete Durability written by Hans Beushausen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-24 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This work gives an overview of significant research from recent years concerning performance-based design and quality control for concrete durability and its implementation. In engineering practice, performance approaches are often still used in combination with prescriptive requirements. This is largely because, for most durability test methods, sufficient practical experience still has to be gained before engineers and owners are prepared to fully rely on them. This book, compiled by RILEM TC 230-PSC, is intended to assist efforts to successfully build the foundation for the full implementation of performance-based approaches through the exchange of relevant knowledge and experience between researchers and practitioners worldwide.
Fundamentals Of Durable Reinforced Concrete
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Author : Mark G. Richardson
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2023-11-03
Fundamentals Of Durable Reinforced Concrete written by Mark G. Richardson and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This new edition sets out the fundamental aspects of concrete durability with an emphasis on sustainability and carbon neutrality through performance-based methodologies. Global approaches to managing durability are explained from both a prescriptive and performance viewpoint. Achieving a balance between the interactive factors influencing durability and sustainability is supported by an explanation of the physical and chemical phenomena at play, determination of key performance parameters by mathematical modelling and physical testing, and current guidance for good practice. New chapters and sections examine the holistic approach to durability and significant aspects of traditional and new cementitious systems. The full range of threats to durability are covered in this single volume, including reinforcement corrosion, carbonation, chloride ingress, freeze-thaw effects, sulfate attack, acid and seawater attack, alkali-aggregate reaction, cracking, abrasion, erosion, cavitation, and weathering. The book presents a framework for specification through internationally adopted codes and standards and summarises the background to probabilistic approaches to durability design, providing a state-of-the-art review of mathematical modelling of deterioration mechanisms along with current directions in test methods for performance-based specifications. Fundamentals of Durable Reinforced Concrete is an essential reference on concrete durability for specifiers and researchers and is also accessible to undergraduate students.
Corrosion Of Steel In Concrete
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Author : Luca Bertolini
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-02-26
Corrosion Of Steel In Concrete written by Luca Bertolini and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Steel-reinforced concrete is used ubiquitously as a building material due to its unique combination of the high compressive strength of concrete and the high tensile strength of steel. Therefore, reinforced concrete is an ideal composite material that is used for a wide range of applications in structural engineering such as buildings, bridges, tunnels, harbor quays, foundations, tanks and pipes. To ensure durability of these structures, however, measures must be taken to prevent, diagnose and, if necessary, repair damage to the material especially due to corrosion of the steel reinforcement. The book examines the different aspects of corrosion of steel in concrete, starting from basic and essential mechanisms of the phenomenon, moving up to practical consequences for designers, contractors and owners both for new and existing reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. It covers general aspects of corrosion and protection of reinforcement, forms of attack in the presence of carbonation and chlorides, problems of hydrogen embrittlement as well as techniques of diagnosis, monitoring and repair. This second edition updates the contents with recent findings on the different topics considered and bibliographic references, with particular attention to recent European standards. This book is a self-contained treatment for civil and construction engineers, material scientists, advanced students and architects concerned with the design and maintenance of reinforced concrete structures. Readers will benefit from the knowledge, tools, and methods needed to understand corrosion in reinforced concrete and how to prevent it or keep it within acceptable limits.
Essentials Of Offshore Structures
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Author : D.V. Reddy
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2016-04-19
Essentials Of Offshore Structures written by D.V. Reddy and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Essentials of Offshore Structures: Framed and Gravity Platforms examines the engineering ideas and offshore drilling platforms for exploration and production. This book offers a clear and acceptable demonstration of both the theory and application of the relevant procedures of structural, fluid, and geotechnical mechanics to offshore structures. It
Comprehensive Structural Integrity
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Author : Ian Milne
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2003-07-25
Comprehensive Structural Integrity written by Ian Milne and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-07-25 with Business & Economics categories.
The aim of this major reference work is to provide a first point of entry to the literature for the researchers in any field relating to structural integrity in the form of a definitive research/reference tool which links the various sub-disciplines that comprise the whole of structural integrity. Special emphasis will be given to the interaction between mechanics and materials and structural integrity applications. Because of the interdisciplinary and applied nature of the work, it will be of interest to mechanical engineers and materials scientists from both academic and industrial backgrounds including bioengineering, interface engineering and nanotechnology. The scope of this work encompasses, but is not restricted to: fracture mechanics, fatigue, creep, materials, dynamics, environmental degradation, numerical methods, failure mechanisms and damage mechanics, interfacial fracture and nano-technology, structural analysis, surface behaviour and heart valves. The structures under consideration include: pressure vessels and piping, off-shore structures, gas installations and pipelines, chemical plants, aircraft, railways, bridges, plates and shells, electronic circuits, interfaces, nanotechnology, artificial organs, biomaterial prostheses, cast structures, mining... and more. Case studies will form an integral part of the work.
Aci Materials Journal
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Aci Materials Journal written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Concrete categories.
The Marine Corrosion Process And Control
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Author : Matthew Omotoso Ph.D
language : en
Publisher: AuthorHouse
Release Date : 2022-01-27
The Marine Corrosion Process And Control written by Matthew Omotoso Ph.D and has been published by AuthorHouse this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Corrosion is accountable for an industrial facility’s major degradations and consequent operation interruption worldwide. This book covers all aspects of corrosion mechanisms and cathodic protection in terms of both practice and theory. Corrosion prevention has an economically significant impact on many industrial applications, including buried pipelines, offshore production platform, storage tanks, ships, and marine installations. This edition is a necessity for the study of corrosion monitoring and the methods used to prevent metallic corrosion. The edition features structural engineering reliability and corrosion risk assessment with practical applications. The book is a valuable resource that every engineer and assets manager will want as a companion.
Concrete In The Oceans Programme
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Author : M. B. Leeming
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Concrete In The Oceans Programme written by M. B. Leeming and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Composite materials categories.