Chruschtschows Berlin Krise 1958 Bis 1963
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Chruschtschows Berlin Krise 1958 Bis 1963
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Author : Gerhard Wettig
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Chruschtschows Berlin Krise 1958 Bis 1963 written by Gerhard Wettig and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Berlin (Germany) categories.
Chruschtschows Berlin Krise 1958 Bis 1963
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Author : Gerhard Wettig
language : de
Publisher: Oldenbourg Verlag
Release Date : 2009-12-16
Chruschtschows Berlin Krise 1958 Bis 1963 written by Gerhard Wettig and has been published by Oldenbourg Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-16 with History categories.
Gerhard Wettig, einer der besten Kenner der sowjetischen Deutschlandpolitik nach 1945, führt die Berlin-Krise von 1958-63 auf eine einsame Entscheidung Chruschtschows zurück, der daher die Zentralfigur seiner Darstellung ist. Von hier aus untersucht Wettig die sowjetische Berlin-Politik, wobei der Antagonismus mit den Westmächten - vor allem mit den USA - im Vordergrund steht, während die west- und ostdeutschen Akteure Anhängsel der beiden Hauptmächte waren. Die Auswertung umfassender Quellen aus Beständen russischer und deutscher Archive ergibt, dass das Denken und Handeln Chruschtschows auf weiten Strecken von ganz anderen Vorstellungen bestimmt wurde, als der Westen seinerzeit angenommen hat.
The Path To The Berlin Wall
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Author : Manfred Wilke
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2014-04-01
The Path To The Berlin Wall written by Manfred Wilke and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-01 with History categories.
The long path to the Berlin Wall began in 1945, when Josef Stalin instructed the Communist Party to take power in the Soviet occupation zone while the three Western allies secured their areas of influence. When Germany was split into separate states in 1949, Berlin remained divided into four sectors, with West Berlin surrounded by the GDR but lingering as a captivating showcase for Western values and goods. Following a failed Soviet attempt to expel the allies from West Berlin with a blockade in 1948–49, a second crisis ensued from 1958–61, during which the Soviet Union demanded once and for all the withdrawal of the Western powers and the transition of West Berlin to a “Free City.” Ultimately Nikita Khrushchev decided to close the border in hopes of halting the overwhelming exodus of East Germans into the West. Tracing this path from a German perspective, Manfred Wilke draws on recently published conversations between Khrushchev and Walter Ulbricht, head of the East German state, in order to reconstruct the coordination process between these two leaders and the events that led to building the Berlin Wall.
Berlin 1961 Kennedy Khruschev And The Most Dangerous Place On Earth
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Author : Frederick Kempe
language : en
Publisher: Penguin UK
Release Date : 2012-06-07
Berlin 1961 Kennedy Khruschev And The Most Dangerous Place On Earth written by Frederick Kempe and has been published by Penguin UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-07 with History categories.
'A mind-shaking work of investigative history' (Wall Street Journal) Checkpoint Charlie, 27 October 1961. At 9pm on a damp night, the Cold War reaches crisis point. US and Soviet tanks face off across the East-West divide, only yards apart. One mistake, one nervous soldier, could spring the tripwire for nuclear war... Frederick Kempe's gripping book tells the story of the Cold War's most dramatic year, when Berlin became what Khrushchev called 'the most dangerous place on earth'. Kempe re-creates the war of nerves between the young, untested President Kennedy and the bombastic Soviet leader as they squared off over the future of a divided city. He interweaves this with stories of the ordinary citizens whose lives were torn apart when the Berlin Wall went up - and the world came to the brink of disaster.
The Routledge Handbook Of The Cold War
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Author : Artemy M. Kalinovsky
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-06-05
The Routledge Handbook Of The Cold War written by Artemy M. Kalinovsky and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-05 with Political Science categories.
This new Handbook offers a wide-ranging overview of current scholarship on the Cold War, with essays from many leading scholars. The field of Cold War history has consistently been one of the most vibrant in the field of international studies. Recent scholarship has added to our understanding of familiar Cold War events, such as the Korean War, the Cuban Missile Crisis and superpower détente, and shed new light on the importance of ideology, race, modernization, and transnational movements. The Routledge Handbook of the Cold War draws on the wealth of new Cold War scholarship, bringing together essays on a diverse range of topics such as geopolitics, military power and technology and strategy. The chapters also address the importance of non-state actors, such as scientists, human rights activists and the Catholic Church, and examine the importance of development, foreign aid and overseas assistance. The volume is organised into nine parts: Part I: The Early Cold War Part II: Cracks in the Bloc Part III: Decolonization, Imperialism and its Consequences Part IV: The Cold War in the Third World Part V: The Era of Detente Part VI: Human Rights and Non-State Actors Part VII: Nuclear Weapons, Technology and Intelligence Part VIII: Psychological Warfare, Propaganda and Cold War Culture Part IX: The End of the Cold War This new Handbook will be of great interest to all students of Cold War history, international history, foreign policy, security studies and IR in general.
Anfangsjahre Der Berlin Krise Herbst 1958 Bis Herbst 1960
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Author : Gerhard Wettig
language : de
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2015-03-10
Anfangsjahre Der Berlin Krise Herbst 1958 Bis Herbst 1960 written by Gerhard Wettig and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-10 with History categories.
Edited by Gerhard Wettig in collaboration with Horst Möller, Michail Prosumenschtschikow, Peter Ruggenthaler, Natalja Tomilina, Aleksandr Tschubarjan, Matthias Uhl, and Hermann Wentker on behalf of the Institute for Contemporary History Munich/Berlin and the Joint Commission for Research on the Modern History of German-Russian Relations.
Imposing Maintaining And Tearing Open The Iron Curtain
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Author : Mark Kramer
language : en
Publisher: Lexington Books
Release Date : 2013-11-22
Imposing Maintaining And Tearing Open The Iron Curtain written by Mark Kramer and has been published by Lexington Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-22 with History categories.
The Cold War began in Europe in the mid-1940s and ended there in 1989. Notions of a “global Cold War” are useful in describing the wide impact and scope of the East-West divide after World War II, but first and foremost the Cold War was about the standoff in Europe. The Soviet Union established a sphere of influence in Eastern Europe in the mid-1940s that later became institutionalized in the Warsaw Pact, an organization that was offset by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) led by the United States. The fundamental division of Europe persisted for forty years, coming to an end only when Soviet hegemony in Eastern Europe dissolved. Imposing, Maintaining, and Tearing Open the Iron Curtain: The Cold War and East-Central Europe, 1945–1989, edited by Mark Kramer and Vít Smetana, consists of cutting-edge essays by distinguished experts who discuss the Cold War in Europe from beginning to end, with a particular focus on the countries that were behind the iron curtain. The contributors take account of structural conditions that helped generate the Cold War schism in Europe, but they also ascribe agency to local actors as well as to the superpowers. The chapters dealing with the end of the Cold War in Europe explain not only why it ended but also why the events leading to that outcome occurred almost entirely peacefully.
The Warsaw Pact Reconsidered
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Author : Laurien Crump
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-02-11
The Warsaw Pact Reconsidered written by Laurien Crump and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-11 with Social Science categories.
The Warsaw Pact is generally regarded as a mere instrument of Soviet power. In the 1960s the alliance nevertheless evolved into a multilateral alliance, in which the non-Soviet Warsaw Pact members gained considerable scope for manoeuvre. This book examines to what extent the Warsaw Pact inadvertently provided its members with an opportunity to assert their own interests, emancipate themselves from the Soviet grip, and influence Soviet bloc policy. Laurien Crump traces this development through six thematic case studies, which deal with such well known events as the building of the Berlin Wall, the Sino-Soviet Split, the Vietnam War, the nuclear question, and the Prague Spring. By interpreting hitherto neglected archival evidence from archives in Berlin, Bucharest, and Rome, and approaching the Soviet alliance from a radically novel perspective, the book offers unexpected insights into international relations in Eastern Europe, while shedding new light on a pivotal period in the Cold War.
Kennedy Adenauer And The Making Of The Berlin Wall 1958 1961
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Author : Fabian Rueger
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University
Release Date : 2011
Kennedy Adenauer And The Making Of The Berlin Wall 1958 1961 written by Fabian Rueger and has been published by Stanford University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Kennedy, Adenauer and the Making of the Berlin Wall, 1958-1961 The Second Berlin Crisis, which began with Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev's threat to sign a separate peace treaty with East Germany in November 1958, has largely been interpreted by foreign policy historians as a conflict between the superpowers, in which the dependent allies - the Federal Republic of Germany and the GDR - had almost no influence on the course of events that led to the erection of the Berlin Wall. This interpretation served the political purposes of the governments involved for most of the Cold War. The Kennedy administration as leading government of the Western world could claim to have successfully managed a difficult crisis; the Adenauer administration and the Ulbricht regime could both point to Washington's and Moscow's responsibility for the division of Germany's capital; and Khrushchev, as leading statesman of the Warsaw pact, could finally deliver on some of his promises made to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. However, recent findings suggest that Ulbricht, not Khrushchev, was the driving force behind the decision to close the East Berlin sector. In the course of the first two years of the Kennedy administration, severe problems arose in West German-American relations. It is time to ask how the West German government's interactions with the Kennedy administration influenced the course of the crisis. President Eisenhower had seemingly managed to avoid an escalation of the Berlin crisis from 1958 to late 1960. This came at the cost of increasing pressure for his successor to find a solution. Ten months into the Kennedy administration, Berlin was divided by a wall, and American and Soviet tanks faced each other at Checkpoint Charlie. This dissertation reexamines the interactions between the Western governments, in particular between West Germany and the United States during the Second Berlin Crisis, and shows how these affected the outcome of the crisis. The first chapter serves as an introduction to the historiography of the Berlin Crisis and German-American relations in the period, especially between the Kennedy and Adenauer governments, and defines the pertinent questions; the second chapter provides an outline of the first two years of the crisis and the Eisenhower administration's approach to Adenauer and Berlin, especially as to Western policy on Berlin when the Eisenhower administration handed over the reins; the third to fifth chapters trace the Kennedy administration's and Chancellor Adenauer's interactions during the crisis in 1961 with particular regard to the actual sealing off of West Berlin, and the last chapter finally serves as an overview of the immediate aftermath. I argue that four key assumptions about the Berlin Wall crisis in 1961 can no longer be upheld: 1. The claim that Kennedy had stood firm on Berlin and merely continued the Eisenhower posture on Berlin is wrong. Instead, the Kennedy administration attempted to find new approaches to Berlin and Germany in line with its general revision of US foreign policy. 2. The notion that the closing of the sector border came as a surprise is not supported by the documents. President Kennedy had been informed numerous times that a closing of the sector border could be expected within the year. 3. Adenauer's policy to prevent diplomatic recognition of the GDR contributed to an escalation of Washington's search for alternative policy options, rather than slowing them. The West German election campaign in 1961 further limited the chancellor's willingness to make changes to his foreign policy. The Kennedy administration eventually sought accommodation with Khrushchev without consulting Bonn. 4. Inherent conceptual mistakes in Kennedy's early foreign policy agenda exacerbated the crisis, rather than contributed to its eventual solution. An additional lack of trust between West Germany and the United States complicated and delayed the attempt to find a more coherent, unified Western approach. All four Western governments anticipated an end to the refugee flow through West Berlin as the first step in a crisis escalation, while developing no contingency plans for this step. The lack of any political intention to prevent the expected stop of the refugee flow became the casting mould for Ulbricht's plan to close the sector border, a plan Khrushchev eventually made his own. By leaving Ulbricht and Khrushchev with only one option, Western policies on Berlin and Germany unwillingly conspired to force East Germany to face its systemic flaws in the summer of 1961.
West Germany Cold War Europe And The Algerian War
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Author : Mathilde Von Bulow
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016-08-22
West Germany Cold War Europe And The Algerian War written by Mathilde Von Bulow and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-22 with History categories.
Examining the clandestine and subversive activities of Algerian nationalists in West Germany and Europe, Mathilde Von Bulow sheds new light on the extent to which FLN activities and French counter-measures impacted the conflict in Algeria and the politics of the global Cold War.