Circadian Rhythms And Metabolism
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Circadian Rhythms And Metabolism
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Author : Etienne Challet
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-09-18
Circadian Rhythms And Metabolism written by Etienne Challet and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-18 with categories.
One of the major breakthroughs of the last decade in the understanding of energy homeostasis is the identification of a reciprocal control between circadian rhythmicity and cellular metabolism. Circadian rhythmicity is a fundamental endogenous process of almost every organism living on Earth. For instance, the alternation of hunger and satiety is not continuous over 24 h, but is instead structured in time along the light/dark cycle. In mammals, the temporal organization of metabolism, physiology and behavior around 24 h is controlled by a network of multiple cellular clocks, synchronized via neuronal and hormonal signals by a master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. This central circadian conductor in the brain is mainly reset by ambient light perceived by the retina, while secondary circadian clocks in other brain areas and peripheral organs can be reset by meal timing. Chronic disruption of circadian rhythms, as seen in human shift-workers (up to 20% of the active population), has been associated with the development of a number of adverse mental and metabolic conditions. Understanding of the functional links between circadian desynchronization and overall health in animal models and humans, however, is still scarce. Interactions between circadian clocks and metabolism can occur at different levels: the molecular clockwork, internal synchronization via neuro-hormonal signals, or external synchronization via photic or feeding cues. This Research Topic comprises a number of reviews as well as research and methods articles that feature recent advancements in the mechanisms linking circadian clocks with energy metabolism, and the pathophysiological implications of these interactions for metabolic health.
Sleep Circadian Rhythms And Metabolism
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Author : William Olds
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2014-08-04
Sleep Circadian Rhythms And Metabolism written by William Olds and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-04 with Medical categories.
This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.Providing a nuanced study of the connections between sleep, circadian rhythms, and metabolis, this informative book examines how circadian actions affect the liver and adipose tissue, the brain, and metabolism. This important book introduces the reader to circadian rhythms in the body and the ext
Sleep Circadian Rhythms And Metabolism
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Author : Robert Bennett
language : en
Publisher: Murphy & Moore Publishing
Release Date : 2021-11-16
Sleep Circadian Rhythms And Metabolism written by Robert Bennett and has been published by Murphy & Moore Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-16 with Psychology categories.
The natural and internal process which maintains the sleep-wake cycle is termed as a circadian rhythm. It repeats every 24 hours. It is endogenous in nature and responds to the environment. Circadian rhythms are governed by the circadian clock and can be seen in various types of organisms such as animals, plants, cyanobacteria and fungi. The primary circadian clock within mammals is located within a specific collection of cells in the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Any disruption in the circadian rhythms causes metabolic dysregulation. Interactions have also been observed at cellular, molecular and neural scales. This book provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of circadian rhythms and metabolism. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in it. The book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.
Central Regulation Of Energy Metabolism With Special Reference To Circadian Rhythm
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Author : Katsuya Nagai
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2022-03-22
Central Regulation Of Energy Metabolism With Special Reference To Circadian Rhythm written by Katsuya Nagai and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-22 with Medical categories.
This excellent book describes the roles of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus as a regulatory center of homeostatic mechanism and a circadian oscillator in mammals, including humans. The authors emphasize two important points based on their findings: 1) SCN plays a critical role in central regulation of energy metabolism through which a constant supply of glucose to the central nervous system (CNS) is well maintained; and 2) neurons responsible for the regulation of energy metabolism are located in the ventrolateral part of the SCN and receive retinal neural inputs through both the retinohypothalamic tract and the geniculohypothalamic tract. The authors then discuss the evolutionary importance of these points to the survival of mammals on earth. Other topics examined include the involvement of light in the regulation of neural activity of the autonomic nervous system through the retina and SCN, in addition to the relation of the SCN with regulations of other autonomic nerve functions, such as blood pressure and body temperature. Central Regulation of Energy Metabolism with Special Reference to Circadian Rhythm is important reading for researchers and students in neuroendocrinologists, neurobiologists, biochemists, endocrinologists, physiologists, chronobiologists, psychologists, pharmacologists, and others interested in the topic.
A Time For Metabolism And Hormones
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Author : Paolo Sassone-Corsi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-04-04
A Time For Metabolism And Hormones written by Paolo Sassone-Corsi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-04 with Medical categories.
Recent years have seen spectacular advances in the field of circadian biology. These have attracted the interest of researchers in many fields, including endocrinology, neurosciences, cancer, and behavior. By integrating a circadian view within the fields of endocrinology and metabolism, researchers will be able to reveal many, yet-unsuspected aspects of how organisms cope with changes in the environment and subsequent control of homeostasis. This field is opening new avenues in our understanding of metabolism and endocrinology. A panel of the most distinguished investigators in the field gathered together to discuss the present state and the future of the field. The editors trust that this volume will be of use to those colleagues who will be picking up the challenge to unravel how the circadian clock can be targeted for the future development of specific pharmacological strategies toward a number of pathologies.
Effects Of Prenatal Stress On Circadian Rhythms And Metabolism In Adult Rat Offspring
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Author : Alyssa Murray
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Effects Of Prenatal Stress On Circadian Rhythms And Metabolism In Adult Rat Offspring written by Alyssa Murray and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Circadian clocks developed in organisms as a way of estimating the time of day and control many vital aspects of physiology from the sleep-wake cycle to metabolism. The circadian clock operates through transcriptional-translational feedback loops. The normal circadian signaling relies on a 'master clock', located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which synchronizes peripheral oscillators. Here, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling has the ability to reset the phase of peripheral clocks. It has been shown that maternal exposure to the stress hormone, glucocorticoids (GCs), can lead to modification of hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) function and impact stress-related behaviours and a hypertensive state via GR activation. We previously demonstrated altered circadian rhythm signaling in the adrenal glands of offspring exposed to the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (Dex). Results from the current study show that prenatal exposure to Dex, affects circadian rhythm gene expression in a tissue and sex specific manner in molecular oscillators of the amygdala, hippocampus, paraventricular nucleus and prefrontal cortex as well as the main oscillator in the SCN. Results also show that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) exhibited dysregulated circadian rhythms in these same brain regions compared with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs), although the pattern of dysregulation was markedly different from that seen in the Dex model. Metabolomic and gene expression results in the livers of GCexposed offspring revealed sex specific metabolic profiles with females displaying increased lipid and glutathione metabolism, increased triglyceride concentration and decreased purine metabolism while males saw increased purine metabolism and evidence of an adaptation for increased lipid metabolism.
Chronobiology And Obesity
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Author : Marta Garaulet
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-11-13
Chronobiology And Obesity written by Marta Garaulet and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-13 with Medical categories.
Circadian rhythms are such an innate part of our lives that we rarely pause to speculate why they even exist. Some studies have suggested that the disruption of the circadian system may be causal for obesity and manifestations of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Shift-work, sleep-deprivation and bright-light-exposure at night are related to increased adiposity (obesity) and prevalence of MetS. It has been provided evidence of clock genes expression in human adipose tissue and demonstrated its association with different components of the MetS. Moreover, current studies are illustrating the particular role of different clock genes variants and their predicted haplotypes in MetS. The purpose of “Chronobiology and Obesity” is to describe the mechanisms implicated in the interaction between chonodisruption and metabolic-related illnesses, such as obesity and MetS, with different approaches.
Annals Reports
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Annals Reports written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Biological Rhythms And Medicine
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Author : A. Reinberg
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Biological Rhythms And Medicine written by A. Reinberg and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
During the past decade many review papers and books have been devoted to descriptions and analyses of biological rhythms (chronobiology) in plants and animals. These contributed greatly to demonstrating the impor tance of bioperiodicities in living beings in general. However, the practi cal aspects of chronobiology with regard to human health and improving the treatment of disease have not yet been a major focus of publication. One of our aims is to establish the relevance of biological rhythms to the practice of medicine. Another is to organize and convey in a simple fashion information pertinent to health- and life-science professionals so that students, researchers, and practitioners can achieve a clear and pre cise understanding of chronobiology. We have limited scientific jargon to unavoidable basic and well-defined terms and we have emphasized illus trative examples of facts and concepts rather than theories or hypotheti cal mechanisms. This volume is divided into seven chapters, each of which is compre hensive in its treatment and includes an extensive bibliography. The book is organized to serve as a textbook and/or reference handbook of modem applied chronobiology. Chapter 1 describes the historical development of chronobiology and reviews why, when, and how major concepts were introduced, accepted, and transformed.
Therapeutic Implications Of Circadian Rhythms
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Author : Guangrui Yang
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-10-12
Therapeutic Implications Of Circadian Rhythms written by Guangrui Yang and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-12 with Circadian rhythms categories.
Circadian rhythms are biological processes displaying endogenous and entrainable oscillations of about 24 hours. They are driven by a group of genes called clock genes that have been widely observed in plants, animals and even in bacteria. In mammals, the core clock genes are rhythmically expressed in both the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master clock residing in the hypothalamus, and almost all peripheral tissues where they control numerous target genes in a circadian manner, and thus affect many physiological and biochemical processes. Evidence suggests that disruption of the circadian rhythms (or desynchronization) is a significant risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and sleep disorders. Evidence also suggests that the disruption suppresses immune function and increases vulnerability to infectious diseases. Restoring or strengthening the circadian rhythm may be therapeutic for these conditions. This becomes exceptionally important in modern societies because many people are suffering from frequent desynchronization due to shift working, exposure to artificial light, travel by transmeridian air flight, and involvement in social activities. Besides, the temporal variations in the incidence and severity of many diseases, such as the onset of cardiovascular events, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), inflammatory diseases and mental disorders have also drawn increasing attention to the circadian clock. The circadian rhythms affect not only the health status, but also the drug efficiency. The effects (and side effects) of many drugs vary with biological timing. The tolerance of many medications displays circadian variation as well. The timing of medical treatment in coordination with the body clock may significantly increase the desired effects of drugs, and lower the dose and toxicity. In addition, circadian rhythms can also be modulated by some therapeutic drugs, for example, melatonin and modafinil, which are used to treat circadian rhythm sleep disorders. In this Research Topic, we assemble a series of critical review and research articles that focus on the therapeutic implications of circadian rhythms. Topics include, but are not limited to: • Circadian disruption caused diseases or disorders and related intervention • Temporal manifestation of diseases or disorders and therapeutic implications • The effects of circadian rhythms on drugs • The effects of drugs on circadian rhythms