Circassian Bibliography
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Circassian Bibliography
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Author : Amjad M. Jaimoukha
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Circassian Bibliography written by Amjad M. Jaimoukha and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Circassians categories.
Circassian Coursebook
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Author : H. Akcay
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2019-01-07
Circassian Coursebook written by H. Akcay and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-07 with Foreign Language Study categories.
Lots of Circassians were abonded from their fatherlands and again a lot of them were sent out to spread across the globe. In many different cultures and countries were the circassians positioned and the seperation of this folks resulted in forgetting the mothertounge. This is a brief Introduction in an everyday language level of circassian. To bring the language back to those, who are searching and working for it. This is the very first edition of the coursebook so it is most likely to contain errors and mistakes. If you find one, or you just think something is odd, feel free to contact us via email: [email protected]
A Year Among The Circassians
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Author : John A. Longworth
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1840
A Year Among The Circassians written by John A. Longworth and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1840 with categories.
Circassian History
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Author : Kadir I. Natho
language : en
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
Release Date : 2009-12-03
Circassian History written by Kadir I. Natho and has been published by Xlibris Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-03 with History categories.
Circassian History relates the heroic struggle for survival of one of the most ancient nations in the world, with a unique language and a highly developed distinctive culture. Beginning from 1555, Circassian princes began seeking the friendship and protection of czarist Russia against the aggressions of the Ottoman Turks and Crimean Khans. However, Czarist Russia unleashed its colonial war against Circassia to build the necessary harbors on the Black Sea. Their Nart Epos and archeological finds of the Maikop dolmen and barrow cultures testify that the ancestors of the Circassians lived and prospered on the same territory at least since the advent of the Bronze Age. Their Homeland in North Caucasus stretched from the main ridge of the Caucasus Mountains to the northeastern Black Sea and eastern Azov seacoasts. Its northern boundaries run from Lake Manych and along the Terek Riverthe northern boundary of Kabarda. Beginning from 1555, Circassian princes began seeking the friendship and protection of czarist Russia against the aggressions of the Ottoman Turks and Crimean Khans. However, Czarist Russia unleashed its colonial aggression and conquered Circassia to build the necessary harbors on the Black Sea. Russia planned to seize Bosphorus and Dardanelles with the passage to the Mediterranean Sea, weaken the position of the Ottoman Empire, deal a powerful blow on the trade interests of Great Britain, and gain the upper hand over the European powers in the contest for world supremacy. In this unequal war, Russia occupied Kabarda in 1779. By 1822, it stripped off the Kabardinian princes of the right to rule in their own land and subjected them and their country to the dictatorship of the commanding generals of the Russian armed forces. Thus, early and masterfully, Russia had cut off Kabarda from its western kindred and then directed its military might against Western Circassia. During this period, Russia launched a powerful worldwide propaganda campaign, portraying the Circassians to the Western world as the marauding savages who should be obliterated from the face of the earth in order to ensure peace in the region. At the same time, Russia kept increasing its armed forces in this region. For example, during General Yermolovs time, Russia increased its army in this region from 5075,000, excluding the Cossacks. Russia added 47 new battalions since 1831 and another 40,000 soldiers in 1840. In short, a 210,000 Russian armies and 80,000 Cossack Cavalries were conducting military operations in Circassia during 18531856. Later, Russia reinforced it with 24,000 Russian infantry corps and 2 dragoon regiments and artillery. Russia suffered colossal losses in the Russo-Circassian War. Since the time of Catherine II to 1864, 1.5 million Russian soldiers fell in this country, excluding the Cossack losses as they were not considered a part of the regular Russian army. From the beginning until the end of the war, the Russian army had burnt and pillaged twenty, thirty, fifty, and one hundred Circassian villages at a time, destroying the harvest and driving out the cattle; the Russian army killed or uprooted the native inhabitants and settled Cossack and Russian stanitsas in the territory, according to the planned genocide. As Russian generals stated openly, Russia needed the Circassian lands, not the Circassians. Finally, Russia crushed the Circassian nation in 1864, forced them from their historical Motherland, drove them to the Black Sea shore under Russian bayonets, and threw them into the confines of the Ottoman Empire thus completing its planned genocide. At the present time, as a result of the genocide, 90 percent of the Circassian population lives scattered all over the world. They survived the planned Russian genocide, the cold, deprivations, epidemics, and other companions of their forcible exile. They became exemplary citizens of many countries, established their own new republicsAdigey, Kabardino-Balkaria
The Circassian Genocide
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Author : Walter Richmond
language : en
Publisher: Rutgers University Press
Release Date : 2013-04-09
The Circassian Genocide written by Walter Richmond and has been published by Rutgers University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-09 with History categories.
Circassia was a small independent nation on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea. For no reason other than ethnic hatred, over the course of hundreds of raids the Russians drove the Circassians from their homeland and deported them to the Ottoman Empire. At least 600,000 people lost their lives to massacre, starvation, and the elements while hundreds of thousands more were forced to leave their homeland. By 1864, three-fourths of the population was annihilated, and the Circassians had become one of the first stateless peoples in modern history. Using rare archival materials, Walter Richmond chronicles the history of the war, describes in detail the final genocidal campaign, and follows the Circassians in diaspora through five generations as they struggle to survive and return home. He places the periods of acute genocide, 1821–1822 and 1863–1864, in the larger context of centuries of tension between the two nations and updates the story to the present day as the Circassian community works to gain international recognition of the genocide as the region prepares for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, the site of the Russians’ final victory.
The Circassians Of Turkey
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Author : Caner Yelbaşi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
The Circassians Of Turkey written by Caner Yelbaşi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Circassians categories.
"Turkey's Circassians were exiled to the Ottoman Empire in the wake of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in 1864, resettling most notably in the Danubian provinces, Thessaly, Syria, Central Anatolia and the southern shores of the Sea of Marmara. As experienced veterans of the wars with Russia, many Circassians were recruited into the paramilitary groups of the late Ottoman Empire and later fought on both sides in the Turkish Civil War. Here, Caner Yelbasi reveals the complex and important role played by the Circassians of north-western Anatolia in the chaotic years after 1918. Because many of the key Circassian actors either sided initially with The Ottoman Government or later broke away from the 'national' movement led by Mustafa Kemal in Ankara, official Turkish historiography frequently labelled them 'traitors to the nation'. This book revises this narrative by revealing the overlapping and sometimes conflicting bonds of kinship and political loyalty that inscribed their presence in heartlands of the empire and the republic. Yelbasi shows that the Circassians played an important role in the establishment of the early republic and how the Turkification policies of the Kemalist regime in the two decades following 1918 disrupted their world. Using a wide variety of primary source material, including Ottoman and Republican archives - as well as memoirs, the press and secondary literature - this book sheds light on a minority who, unlike the Kurds or Armenians, are yet to receive scholarly attention in Turkish Studies. It will thus be a vital resource for scholars in Middle East Studies, Turkish Studies and Ottoman Studies."--Bloomsbury Publishing.
The Circassian Chief
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Author : William Henry G. Kingston
language : en
Publisher: Andesite Press
Release Date : 2015-08-11
The Circassian Chief written by William Henry G. Kingston and has been published by Andesite Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-11 with categories.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Circassian People
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Author : Source Wikipedia
language : en
Publisher: University-Press.org
Release Date : 2013-09
Circassian People written by Source Wikipedia and has been published by University-Press.org this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09 with categories.
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 54. Chapters: Mamluk, Circassian nationalism, Adyghe people, Ethnic Cleansing of Circassians, Balkar and Karachay nationalism, Circassian beauties, List of Adyghes, Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri, Hidden Nations, Enduring Crimes conference, Tuman bay II, Melek Tourhan, Qaitbay, Circassian diaspora, Abdelaziz of Morocco, Toujan al-Faisal, Rushdy Abaza, Mihail Chemiakin, Abaza family, Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky, Barquq, Yuri Temirkanov, Circassians in Romania, Ludmilla Tcherina, Mission of the Vixen, Said al-Mufti, Fekry Abaza, Circassians Majlis, Circassian Day of Mourning, Mahmud Shevket Pasha, Kuba Shaaban, Slava Cerchez, Circassian Coast, Ivan Cherkassky, Circassian cheese, Ghoshieve Zamudin, Hania Mufti, Barsbay, Sosruko, Hakuchi Adyghe dialect, Aidamir Mugu, Aslan Tlebzu, Kosovo Adyghes, Ficcin. Excerpt: Circassian nationalism is the desire among Circassians to establish (or rather, revive) an independent Circassian state with the contours of the former Circassia before it was conquered by Russia. It is often classified as national revival because many themes involve the repatriation of diaspora Circassians and the revitalization of the Adyghe language. Tevfik Esenc, last representative of Ubykh nation destroyed by Russia.The Circassians were known to inhabit their homeland since antiquity. They formed many states throughout time that were known to the outside world, occasionally falling under brief control of the Romans, and later Scythian and Sarmatian groups, followed by Turkic groups including importantly the Khazars and being a protectorate of the Ottoman Empire. Nonetheless, the Circassians generally maintained a high level of autonomy. Due to their Black Sea coast location, owning the important ports of Anapa, Sochi and Tuapse, they were heavily involved in trade, and many early European slaves were Circassians...
The Circassian Genocide
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Author : Walter Richmond
language : en
Publisher: Genocide, Political Violence
Release Date : 2013
The Circassian Genocide written by Walter Richmond and has been published by Genocide, Political Violence this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with History categories.
This book chronicles the history of the war between Russia and Circassia, describes in detail the final genocidal campaign, and follows the Circassians in diaspora through five generations as they struggle to survive and return home. It updates the story to the present day as the Circassian community works to gain international recognition of the genocide as the region prepares for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, the site of the Russians' final victory over the Circassians.
The Circassian Diaspora In Turkey
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Author : Zeynel Besleney
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-03-21
The Circassian Diaspora In Turkey written by Zeynel Besleney and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-21 with History categories.
A North Caucasian ethnic group that has been largely obscured in world history as a result of their expulsion from their homeland by Tsarist Russia in the 1860s, Circassians now comprise significant communities not only in the Northwest Caucasus but also in Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Europe and the US. The Circassian Diaspora investigates how a community of impoverished migrants has evolved into a well-connected and politically active diaspora. This book explores the prominent role Circassians played during the Turco-Greek War or the "Turkish National Liberation War of 1919-1922," and examines the changing nature of Circassians’ relations with the Turkish and Russian states, as well as the new actors of Caucasian politics such as the US, the EU, and Georgia. Suggesting that the Circassian case should be studied alongside those of the Jews, Armenians and other diasporas whose formation is fundamentally tied up to a violent detachment from their homeland, and arguing that Circassian diaspora politics is not a post-Soviet phenomenon but has a history dating back to early 20th Century, this book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of Diaspora Studies, History, and Politics.