Home eBooks Download › civil asset forfeiture reform act

Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act

Download Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page

Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act

DOWNLOAD

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996

Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Acquisition of property categories.

Providing For The Consideration Of H R 1658 Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act

DOWNLOAD

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999

Providing For The Consideration Of H R 1658 Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Forfeiture categories.

Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act Of 2000 Cafra

DOWNLOAD

Author : United States. Department of Justice. Asset Forfeiture and Money Laundering Section
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000

Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act Of 2000 Cafra written by United States. Department of Justice. Asset Forfeiture and Money Laundering Section and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Forfeiture categories.

Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act

DOWNLOAD

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999

Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act

DOWNLOAD

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997

Asset Forfeiture

DOWNLOAD

Author : Congressional Research Service
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2015-02-02

Asset Forfeiture written by Congressional Research Service and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-02 with Business & Economics categories.

From its beginning in the First Congress, Congress has viewed asset forfeiture as an integral part of federal crime fighting: It takes contraband off the streets, ensures that “crime doesn't pay,” and deprives criminals of their “tools of the trade.” In short, asset forfeiture is the process of confiscating money or property from a person because it is illegal to possess, it constitutes proceeds of a crime, or it was used to facilitate a crime. Asset forfeiture became a major tool in combating organized crime, drug trafficking, and other serious federal offenses throughout the mid-to-late 20th century and continues to play a major role in federal prosecutions. In recent years, however, there has been growing opposition to the expanding scope of asset forfeiture, both civil and criminal, with objections primarily coming in two forms: procedural and structural. The procedural objections are based on the idea that the current rules pertaining to asset forfeiture heavily favor the government. With civil asset forfeiture, the property owner need not be convicted nor even prosecuted for a crime before the government can confiscate his or her property. Unlike criminal prosecutions, the property owner is not constitutionally entitled to an attorney or many other safeguards found in the Bill of Rights. The burden of proof is set at the preponderance-of-the-evidence standard, lower than the traditional criminal standard of beyond a reasonable doubt. If the property owner is claiming innocence, he has the burden of proving either that he had no knowledge of the criminal activity or that he tried to stop the activity if he did know about it. Structural objections pertain to how property and money are allocated once forfeited. The Department of Justice (DOJ) is permitted by law to keep most of the forfeited assets, creating what some view as a profit motive. Recently, DOJ stopped its practice of “adoptive forfeitures,” which allowed it to adopt property seized by state and local law enforcement as part of its “equitable sharing” program. Some saw this as a way of bypassing more stringent state forfeiture laws. Asset forfeiture faced comparable criticism several decades ago, leading Congress to enact the Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act of 2000 (CAFRA), the first major overhaul in federal forfeiture law in 200 years. While this law brought about significant reform to federal forfeiture policy and procedures, some have questioned whether CAFRA went far enough to rein in what they characterize as overzealous police forfeiture tactics. Recent concerns about the current legal framework are evidenced in new reports of possible police misuse of federal forfeiture laws. Contemporaneously, reform legislation has been introduced in the 113th and 114th Congresses. With these proposals in mind, this report will provide an overview of selected legal issues and reforms surrounding asset forfeiture, including the burden-of-proof standard and innocent-owner defense in civil asset forfeiture cases, access to counsel in both civil and criminal forfeiture cases (including a discussion of the 2014 Supreme Court asset forfeiture decision Kaley v. United States), allocation of profits from confiscated assets, and DOJ's equitable sharing program.

Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act

DOWNLOAD

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996

Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act

DOWNLOAD

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999

Civil Forfeiture Of Criminal Property

DOWNLOAD

Author : Simon N. M. Young
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2009-01-01

Civil Forfeiture Of Criminal Property written by Simon N. M. Young and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-01 with Law categories.

. . . this work is an important contribution to the global discourse on pursuing property, money or resources linked to crime. Michelle Gallant, Journal of Business Law Informed and informative, Civil Forfeiture of Criminal Property is a seminal work of impressive scholarship and strongly recommended for professional, academic, and governmental judicial studies collections in general, and criminal justice reference collections in particular. Library Bookwatch, Midwest Book Review This book is interesting because there is a dearth of writing on the subject. It must be read for that reason. Sally Ramage, The Criminal Lawyer Once called the monster that ate jurisprudence , civil forfeiture is now an established weapon in the fight against organized crime, terrorism, drug trafficking and corruption. This fine collection of essays covering civil forfeiture regimes in ten diverse jurisdictions, written by leading practitioners, provides a comprehensive and detailed overview of the jurisprudential, legal, political and practical dimensions of the new generation of these powerful and controversial laws. I commend this book to criminal, civil, comparative and human rights lawyers who have an interest in how serious and profit-motivated crime, and responses to it, develop over time and in different legal cultures. Arie Freiberg, Monash University, Australia In this book, which is the first of its kind, leading experts examine the civil and criminal forfeiture systems in Australia, Canada, China, Ireland, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. In the fight against organized crime and international money laundering, there is a global trend for countries to enact forfeiture and confiscation laws that are applied through the civil process rather than the traditional criminal justice system. The authors gathered here analyze the appeal these civil forfeiture laws have for governments for their potential to disrupt criminal organizations and for their quantifiable benefits to the state. But without the usual safeguards of the criminal process, civil forfeiture laws are controversial, attracting constitutional challenges, particularly on human rights grounds. This book will be of great interest to policy-makers in government, and law enforcement agencies who are thinking of reforming their own laws, as well as to law reform agencies or select parliamentary committees where the issue of reform is topical. It will also appeal to students in criminal law, criminology and human rights.

Crime And Forfeiture

DOWNLOAD

Author : Congressional Research Congressional Research Service
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2015-01-22

Crime And Forfeiture written by Congressional Research Congressional Research Service and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-22 with categories.

Forfeiture has long been an effective law enforcement tool. Congress and state legislatures have authorized its use for over 200 years. Every year, it redirects property worth billions of dollars from criminal to lawful uses. Forfeiture law has always been somewhat unique. By the beginning of the 20th century, however, legislative bodies, commentators, and the courts had begun to examine its eccentricities in greater detail because under some circumstances it could be not only harsh but unfair. The Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act (CAFRA), P.L. 106-185, 114 Stat. 202 (2000), was a product of that reexamination. Modern forfeiture follows one of two procedural routes. Although crime triggers all forfeitures, they are classified as civil forfeitures or criminal forfeitures according to the nature of the procedure which ends in confiscation. Civil forfeiture is an in rem proceeding. The property is the defendant in the case. Unless the statute provides otherwise, the innocence of the owner is irrelevant-it is enough that the property was involved in a violation to which forfeiture attaches. As a matter of expedience and judicial economy, Congress often allows administrative forfeiture in uncontested civil confiscation cases. Criminal forfeiture is an in personam proceeding, and confiscation is possible only upon the conviction of the owner of the property. The Supreme Court has held that authorities may seize moveable property without prior notice or an opportunity for a hearing but that real property owners are entitled as a matter of due process to preseizure notice and a hearing. As a matter of due process, innocence may be irrelevant in the case of an individual who entrusts his or her property to someone who uses the property for criminal purposes. Although some civil forfeitures may be considered punitive for purposes of the Eighth Amendment's excessive fines clause, civil forfeitures do not implicate the Fifth Amendment's double jeopardy clause unless they are so utterly punitive as to belie remedial classification. The statutes governing the disposal of forfeited property may authorize its destruction, its transfer for governmental purposes, or deposit of the property or of the proceeds from its sale in a special fund. Intra- and intergovernmental transfers and the use of special funds are hallmarks of federal forfeiture. Every year, federal agencies share among themselves the proceeds of jointly conducted forfeitures. They also transfer hundreds of millions of dollars and property to state, local, and foreign law enforcement officials as compensation for their contribution to joint enforcement efforts.

Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act

Recent Posts