Civilians Under Assault
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Civilians Under Assault
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Author : Human Rights Watch (Organization)
language : en
Publisher: Human Rights Watch
Release Date : 2007
Civilians Under Assault written by Human Rights Watch (Organization) and has been published by Human Rights Watch this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Civilian war casualties categories.
Assessment of Hezbollah's rocket attacks -- Assessment of Hezbollah's wartime statements -- International humanitarian law and asymmetrical conflicts -- Israel's obligations to take precautions against the effects of attacks -- A note on Israeli censorship. -- Recommendations. -- Legal standards applicable to the conflict -- Applicable International Law -- Protections for civilians and civilian objects. -- Hezbollah's arsenal -- Types and accuracy of rockets used -- Hezbollah intelligence -- Suppliers of Hezbollah's weapons -- Hezbollah's use of cluster munitions. -- Case Studies -- Akko -- Arab al-Aramshe -- Haifa : July 16 attack kills eight workers in railroad hangar -- July 17 attack nearly destroys 3-story apartment building -- August 6 attack kills three elderly persons -- Targeting the port area. -- Karmiel, Majd al-Krum, and Deir al-Assad -- Kiryat Shmona -- HaKrayot -- Ma'alot-Tarshiha and Me'ilia -- Mazra : mental hospital hit -- Mghar -- Nahariya -- Nahariya Hospital -- Nazareth -- Kibbutz Saar -- Safed (Tzfat). -- Hezbollah's justifications for attacks on civilian areas. -- Israel's obligations to take precautions against the effects of attacks -- Protection of civilians during wartime and the Principle of non-discrimination. -- Historical background to the 2006 Conflict. -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix.
Fatal Strikes
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Author : Peter Bouckaert
language : en
Publisher: Human Rights Watch
Release Date : 2006
Fatal Strikes written by Peter Bouckaert and has been published by Human Rights Watch this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Armed Forces categories.
The Contemporary Law Of Targeting
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Author : Ian Henderson
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2009-10-26
The Contemporary Law Of Targeting written by Ian Henderson and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-26 with Law categories.
This book provides an analysis of the law of targeting during an armed conflict; focusing on what is a lawful target, what is proportional collateral damage, and describing a process by which legal responsibility for targeting decisions can be assessed.
Proportionality In International Humanitarian Law
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Author : Amichai Cohen
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-01-18
Proportionality In International Humanitarian Law written by Amichai Cohen and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-18 with Law categories.
The principle of proportionality is one of the corner-stones of international humanitarian law. Almost all states involved in armed conflicts recognize that launching an attack which may cause incidental harm to civilians that exceeds the direct military advantage anticipated from the attack is prohibited. This prohibition is included in military manuals, taught in professional courses, and accepted as almost axiomatic. And yet, the exact meaning of the principle is vague. Almost every issue, from the most elementary question of how to compare civilian harm and military advantage, to the obligation to employ accurate but expensive weapons, is disputed. Controversy is especially rife regarding asymmetrical conflicts, in which many modern democracies are involved. How exactly should proportionality be implemented when the enemy is not an army, but a non-state-actor embedded within a civilian population? What does it mean to use precautions in attack, when almost every attack is directed at objects that are used for both military and civilian purposes? In Proportionality in International Humanitarian Law, Amichai Cohen and David Zlotogorski discuss the philosophical and political background of the principle of proportionality. Offering a fresh and comprehensive look at this key doctrine, they comprehensively discuss the different components of the proportionality "equation" - the meaning of "incidental harm" to civilians; the "military advantage" and the term "excessive". The book proposes the debates over the principle of proportionality be reframed to focus on the precautions taken before the attack along with the course States should follow in investigations of the violations of the principle.
Needless Deaths In The Gulf War
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Human Rights Watch
Release Date : 1991
Needless Deaths In The Gulf War written by and has been published by Human Rights Watch this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with History categories.
Based on interviews conducted during the war with those who fled bombing as well as subsequent research and analysis, this challenges the report of allied commanders that they took every feasible step to avoid civilian death and injury. It also examines Iraqi attacks on Israel and Saudi Arabia.
Unlawful Attacks In Combat Situations
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Author : Héctor Olásolo
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2008-02-25
Unlawful Attacks In Combat Situations written by Héctor Olásolo and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-25 with Law categories.
Death and destruction are unavoidable effects of war and combat situations. The fact that people have been killed or injured or property has been destroyed should not encourage anyone to rush to the conclusion that war crimes have been committed. On the contrary, before reaching such a conclusion, it is necessary to carefully analyze the conduct of the person causing death, injury or damage in order to ascertain whether such conduct is consistent with international humanitarian law. Technology, law and public opinion on what is acceptable has greatly evolved since World War II. The issue of civilian damage caused in combat operations has become an important topic in public opinion since Operation Desert Storm in 1991. Public pressure to limit incidental civilian damage has notably increased following the NATO aerial campaign in Kosovo in 1999 and the subsequent conflicts in Afghanistan in 2001, Iraq in 2003 and Lebanon 2006. Unlawful Attacks in Combat Situations focuses on the manner in which unlawful attacks launched during the conduct of hostilities have been dealt with in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, the international treaty which, to date, deals most comprehensively with war crimes committed in international and non-international armed conflicts, and in the case law of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, the first international judicial body that has investigated and prosecuted crimes committed during the conduct of hostilities since World War II.
Erased In A Moment
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Author : Joe Stork
language : en
Publisher: Human Rights Watch
Release Date : 2002
Erased In A Moment written by Joe Stork and has been published by Human Rights Watch this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Arab-Israeli conflict categories.
Who is a Civilian?
Why They Died
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Author : Peter Bouckaert
language : en
Publisher: Human Rights Watch
Release Date : 2007
Why They Died written by Peter Bouckaert and has been published by Human Rights Watch this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Civilian war casualties categories.
The conflict between Israel and Hezbollah in July 2006 had a devastating effect on civilians in Lebanon. Israeli attacks killed at least at 1,109 Lebanese, the vast majority of them civilians. The strikes also injured 4, 399 people and displaced an estimated one million. This report presents the most extensive investigation to date that anyone has conducted into the circumtances surrounding these civilian deaths. Human Rights Watch visited more than 50 Lebanese villages, interviewed over 355 witnesses, and investigated 94 separate incidents of Israeli attacks. These attacks claimed the lives of 510 civilians, as well as 51 Hezbollah combatants--almost half of the Lebanese death in the conflict.
The Military Commander S Necessity
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Author : Sigrid Redse Johansen
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-10-03
The Military Commander S Necessity written by Sigrid Redse Johansen and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-03 with Law categories.
A comprehensive examination of the legal limits to the military commander's assessment of military necessity during armed conflict.
Targeting Civilians In War
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Author : Alexander B. Downes
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2011-05-15
Targeting Civilians In War written by Alexander B. Downes and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-05-15 with Political Science categories.
Accidental harm to civilians in warfare often becomes an occasion for public outrage, from citizens of both the victimized and the victimizing nation. In this vitally important book on a topic of acute concern for anyone interested in military strategy, international security, or human rights, Alexander B. Downes reminds readers that democratic and authoritarian governments alike will sometimes deliberately kill large numbers of civilians as a matter of military strategy. What leads governments to make such a choice? Downes examines several historical cases: British counterinsurgency tactics during the Boer War, the starvation blockade used by the Allies against Germany in World War I, Axis and Allied bombing campaigns in World War II, and ethnic cleansing in the Palestine War. He concludes that governments decide to target civilian populations for two main reasons—desperation to reduce their own military casualties or avert defeat, or a desire to seize and annex enemy territory. When a state's military fortunes take a turn for the worse, he finds, civilians are more likely to be declared legitimate targets to coerce the enemy state to give up. When territorial conquest and annexation are the aims of warfare, the population of the disputed land is viewed as a threat and the aggressor state may target those civilians to remove them. Democracies historically have proven especially likely to target civilians in desperate circumstances. In Targeting Civilians in War, Downes explores several major recent conflicts, including the 1991 Persian Gulf War and the American-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. Civilian casualties occurred in each campaign, but they were not the aim of military action. In these cases, Downes maintains, the achievement of quick and decisive victories against overmatched foes allowed democracies to win without abandoning their normative beliefs by intentionally targeting civilians. Whether such "restraint" can be guaranteed in future conflicts against more powerful adversaries is, however, uncertain. During times of war, democratic societies suffer tension between norms of humane conduct and pressures to win at the lowest possible costs. The painful lesson of Targeting Civilians in War is that when these two concerns clash, the latter usually prevails.