Classification And Description Of World Formation Types
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Encyclopedia Of The World S Biomes
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2020-06-26
Encyclopedia Of The World S Biomes written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-26 with Science categories.
Encyclopedia of the World’s Biomes is a unique, five volume reference that provides a global synthesis of biomes, including the latest science. All of the book's chapters follow a common thematic order that spans biodiversity importance, principal anthropogenic stressors and trends, changing climatic conditions, and conservation strategies for maintaining biomes in an increasingly human-dominated world. This work is a one-stop shop that gives users access to up-to-date, informative articles that go deeper in content than any currently available publication. Offers students and researchers a one-stop shop for information currently only available in scattered or non-technical sources Authored and edited by top scientists in the field Concisely written to guide the reader though the topic Includes meaningful illustrations and suggests further reading for those needing more specific information
Classification And Description Of World Formation Types
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Author : United States. Federal Geographic Data Committee. Vegetation Subcommittee. Hierarchy Revisions Working Group
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Classification And Description Of World Formation Types written by United States. Federal Geographic Data Committee. Vegetation Subcommittee. Hierarchy Revisions Working Group and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Plant communities categories.
An ecological vegetation classification approach has been developed in which a combination of vegetation attributes (physiognomy, structure, and floristics) and their response to ecological and biogeographic factors are used as the basis for classifying vegetation types. This approach can help support international, national, and subnational classification efforts. The classification structure was largely developed by the Hierarchy Revisions Working Group (HRWG), which contained members from across the Americas. The HRWG was authorized by the U.S. Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) to develop a revised global vegetation classification to replace the earlier versions of the structure that guided the U.S. National Vegetation Classification and International Vegetation Classification, which formerly relied on the UNESCO (1973) global classification (see FGDC 1997; Grossman and others 1998). This document summarizes the development of the upper formation levels. We first describe the history of the Hierarchy Revisions Working Group and discuss the three main parameters that guide the classification-- it focuses on vegetated parts of the globe, on existing vegetation, and includes (but distinguishes) both cultural and natural vegetation for which parallel hierarchies are provided. Part I of the report provides an introduction to the overall classification, focusing on the upper formation levels. Part II provides a description for each type, following a standardized template format. These descriptions are a first preliminary effort at global descriptions for formation types, and are provided to give some guidance to our concepts.
Classification Of Plant Communities
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Author : R.H. Whittaker
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Classification Of Plant Communities written by R.H. Whittaker and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The natural communities of the world are diverse, and many schools of ecology have developed classifications of communities in partial independence of one another. There is consequently a vast and widely dispersed literature on the classification of plant and animal communities, comprising divergent approaches of different schools and representing a great experiment on the usefulness of different possibilities for classification. The editor sought in a re view monograph of 1962 to summarize these schools and their history, and in 1973 published a treatise on 'Ordination and Clas sification of Communities' as volume 5 of the Handbook of Vegetation Science. We were fortunate, in preparing the latter work, to have a truly international panel of authors to discuss different major ap proaches to classification. This second edition of the book of 1973 is intended to make the work more widely available in a less expensive form as companion volumes on ordination and on classification of plant communities.
Remote Sensing Handbook Volume Iv
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Author : Prasad S. Thenkabail
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2024-11-29
Remote Sensing Handbook Volume Iv written by Prasad S. Thenkabail and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-11-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Volume IV of the Six Volume Remote Sensing Handbook, Second Edition, is focused on the use of remote sensing in forestry, biodiversity, ecology, land use and land cover, and global terrestrial carbon mapping and monitoring. It discusses remote sensing studies of multi-scale habitat modeling, forest informatics, tree and stand height studies, land cover and land use (LCLU) change mapping, forest biomass and carbon modeling and mapping, and advanced image analysis methods and advances in land remote sensing using optical, radar, LiDAR, and hyperspectral remote sensing. This thoroughly revised and updated volume draws on the expertise of a diverse array of leading international authorities in remote sensing and provides an essential resource for researchers at all levels interested in using remote sensing. It integrates discussions of remote sensing principles, data, methods, development, applications, and scientific and social context. FEATURES Provides the most up-to-date comprehensive coverage of remote sensing science for forests, biodiversity, land cover and land use change (LCLUC), biomass, and carbon. Discusses and analyzes data from old and new generations of satellites and sensors spread across 60 years. Extensive forestry, LCLUC studies, biomass, and carbon using optical, radar, LiDAR, and hyperspectral data. Includes numerous case studies on advances and applications at local, regional, and global scales. Introduces advanced methods in remote sensing such as machine learning, cloud computing, and AI. Highlights scientific achievements over the last decade and provides guidance for future developments. This volume is an excellent resource for the entire remote sensing and GIS community. Academics, researchers, undergraduate and graduate students, as well as practitioners, decision makers, and policymakers, will benefit from the expertise of the professionals featured in this book and their extensive knowledge of new and emerging trends.
Habitats Of Africa
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Author : Ken Behrens
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2025-02-11
Habitats Of Africa written by Ken Behrens and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-02-11 with Nature categories.
"An abundantly illustrated field guide to 85 African habitats and their distinctive flora and fauna"--
Climate Change And Soil Interactions
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Author : Marcin Pietrzykowski
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2020-03-06
Climate Change And Soil Interactions written by Marcin Pietrzykowski and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-06 with Science categories.
Climate Change and Soil Interactions examines soil system interactions and conservation strategies regarding the effects of climate change. It presents cutting-edge research in soil carbonization, soil biodiversity, and vegetation. As a resource for strategies in maintaining various interactions for eco-sustainability, topical chapters address microbial response and soil health in relation to climate change, as well as soil improvement practices. Understanding soil systems, including their various physical, chemical, and biological interactions, is imperative for regaining the vitality of soil system under changing climatic conditions. This book will address the impact of changing climatic conditions on various beneficial interactions operational in soil systems and recommend suitable strategies for maintaining such interactions. Climate Change and Soil Interactions enables agricultural, ecological, and environmental researchers to obtain up-to-date, state-of-the-art, and authoritative information regarding the impact of changing climatic conditions on various soil interactions and presents information vital to understanding the growing fields of biodiversity, sustainability, and climate change. - Addresses several sustainable development goals proposed by the UN as part of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development - Presents a wide variety of relevant information in a unique style corroborated with factual cases, colour images, and case studies from across the globe - Recommends suitable strategies for maintaining soil system interactions under changing climatic conditions
A Digitized Systematic Classification For Ecosystems
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Author : David Earl Brown
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
A Digitized Systematic Classification For Ecosystems written by David Earl Brown and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Biotic communities categories.
The Ecozones Of The World
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Author : Jürgen Schultz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
The Ecozones Of The World written by Jürgen Schultz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
The preliminary work on this book goes back to lectures and seminars which I held on the subject of an ecological division of the world at the Geographical Department ofthe Aachen University of Technology (RWTH Aachen). The idea of presenting this material in book form arose as I became aware that no modern compendium exists, in either German or English (or in any other language, as far as I know), which could have aided me in preparing these courses or would have helped the participating students to review the material presented in the classroom. Existing studies on major land ecosystems, some of which are highly de tailed, have been published over the past 15 years by firms such as the Springer Verlag (Ecological Studies), the Cambridge University Press (International Biological Programme) and the Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company (Ecosystems of the World); all suffer from the fact that individual aspects (mainly botanical-ecological ones) are given the utmost consideration, while other aspects (often pedological and geomorphological ones) are almost entirely neglected. Furthermore, it is most aggravating that the various studies have failed to establish consistent terminology, units of measurement, and organization of the data for all of the global ecosystems, thus making it difficult even for the knowledgeable reader to make comparisons. The individual nature of each ecozone therefore remains unclear, since it is precisely these differences that allow those characteristics peculiar to a specific ecozone to be unmistakably recognized.
Vegetation Dynamics Global Change
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Author : Allen M. Solomon
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Vegetation Dynamics Global Change written by Allen M. Solomon and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
During the summer of 1987, a series of discussions I was held at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (nASA) in Laxenburg, Austria, to plan a study of global vegetation change. The work was aimed at promoting the Interna tional Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), sponsored by the International Council of Scientific Unions (lCSU), of which nASA is a member. Our study was designed to provide initial guidance in the choice of approaches, data sets and objectives for constructing global models of the terrestrial biosphere. We hoped to provide substantive and concrete assistance in formulating the working plans of IGBP by involving program planners in the development and application of models which were assembled from available data sets and modeling ap proaches. Recent acceptance of the "nASA model" as the starting point for endeavors of the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems Core Project of the IGBP suggests we were successful in that aim. The objective was implemented by our initiation of a mathematical model of global vegetation, including agriculture, as defined by the forces which control and change vegetation. The model was to illustrate the geographical consequences to vegetation structure and functioning of changing climate and land use, based on plant responses to environmental variables. The completed model was also expected to be useful for examining international environmental policy responses to global change, as well as for studying the validity of IIASA's experimental approaches to environmental policy development.
Ordination And Classification Of Communities
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Author : Robert Harding Whittaker
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1973
Ordination And Classification Of Communities written by Robert Harding Whittaker and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Science categories.
During the International Botanical Congress in Edinburgh, 1964, Mrs. I. M. WEISBACH-JUNK of The Hague discussed a plan for preparation by her publishing company (Dr. W. Junk B.V.) of an international Handbook of Vegetation Science. She proposed a series that should give a comprehensive survey of the varied directions within this science, and their achievements to date as well as their objectives for the future. The challenge of such an enterprise, and its evident value for the further development of vegetation research, induced the undersigned after some consideration to accept the offer of the honorable but also burdensome task of General Editor. The decision was encouraged by a well formulated and detailed outline for the Handbook worked out by the Dutch phytosociolo gists J. J. BARKMAN and V. WESTHOFF. A circle of scholars from numerous countries was invited by the Dr. Junk Publishing Com pany to The Hague in January 1966 to draw up a list of editors and contributors for the parts of the Handbook. The outline and list have served since for the organization of the Handbook, with no need for major change. The different burdens of editors and authors have compelled quite different timings for completion of the individual sections.