Climate Drivers Of Interior Alaska Wildland Fire
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Climate Drivers Of Interior Alaska Wildland Fire
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Author : Maryam Bukhader
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Climate Drivers Of Interior Alaska Wildland Fire written by Maryam Bukhader and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
This study focused on the climate drivers of wildfire in Interior Alaska that occurred in summer season, JJA, during periods in 1994 to 2017. Analysis results presented in this paper provide identify links between meteorological variables and area burned, in the context of spatial and temporal variability at the PSA level. Warmer temperatures caused higher chance of wildland fires as in summer 2004 (26797 km2) where the temperature reached the highest levels compared to all years of study. In addition, this study has shown that temperatures have the same seasonal cycle in all PSAs level; where the temperature increase begins in June, peaks in July and then gradually decline, consistent with the fire season. Although precipitation limits the increase in forest fires, the accompanying lightning increases the chance fires which gives precipitation a double role in influencing the risk of fire. This can be seen clearly in both Upper Yukon valley (AK02) and Tanana Zone South (AK03S) where the largest number of lightning strikes over Interior Alaska occur (17000 and 11000 strikes, respectively). In addition, these two PSAs have the greatest area burned (1441.2 and 1112.4 km2). There is an upward trend in both temperature and precipitation in all months especially in May and September which indicates a decline in the snow season and an increase in the length of the fire season. A similar pattern was documented between PSAs in eastern versus western Alaska. Eastern PSAs receive the highest amount of precipitation in July, (AK01W , AK01E, AK02, AK03N, AK03S) , and western PSAs in August, (AK04, AK05, AK07). The years 2004, 2015, 2005 and 2009 display the largest values for area burned with extremely warm and dry condition especially in 2004 with approximately 26797 km2 (6.6 m acres).
Fire In The Northern Environment A Symposium
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Author : Alaska Forest Fire Council
language : en
Publisher: Portland, Or : Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station
Release Date : 1971
Fire In The Northern Environment A Symposium written by Alaska Forest Fire Council and has been published by Portland, Or : Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Fire ecology categories.
Fire In The Northern Environment A Symposium
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Author : United States. Forest Service
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
Fire In The Northern Environment A Symposium written by United States. Forest Service and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Fire ecology categories.
Interactions Among Climate Fire And Vegetation In The Alaskan Boreal Forest
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Author : Paul Arthur Duffy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Interactions Among Climate Fire And Vegetation In The Alaskan Boreal Forest written by Paul Arthur Duffy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Fire ecology categories.
"The boreal forest covers 12 million km2 of the northern hemisphere and contains roughly 40% of the world's reactive soil carbon. The Northern high latitudes have experienced significant warming over the past century and there is a pressing need to characterize the response of the disturbance regime in the boreal forest to climatic change. The interior Alaskan boreal forest contains approximately 60 million burnable hectares and, relative to the other disturbance mechanisms that exist in Alaska, fire dominates at the landscape-scale. In order to assess the impact of forecast climate change on the structure and function of the Alaskan boreal forest, the interactions among climate, fire and vegetation need to be quantified. The results of this work demonstrate that monthly weather and teleconnection indices explain the majority of observed variability in annual area burned in Alaska from 1950-2003. Human impacts and fire-vegetation interactions likely account for a significant portion of the remaining variability. Analysis of stand age distributions indicate that anthropogenic disturbance in the early 1900's has left a distinct, yet localized impact. Additionally, we analyzed remotely sensed burn severity data to better understand interactions among fire, vegetation and topography. These results show a significant relationship between burn severity and vegetation type in flat landscapes but not in topographically complex landscapes, and collectively strengthen the argument that differential flammability of vegetation plays a significant role in fire-vegetation interactions. These results were used to calibrate a cellular automata model based on the current conceptual model of interactions among weather, fire and vegetation. The model generates spatially explicit maps of simulated stand ages at 1 km resolution across interior Alaska, and output was validated using observed stand age distributions. Analysis of simulation output suggests that significant temporal variability of both the mean and variance of the stand age distribution is an intrinsic property of the stand age distributions of the Alaskan boreal forest. As a consequence of this non-stationarity, we recommend that simulation based methods be used to analyze the impact of forecast climatic change on the structure and function of the Alaskan boreal forest"--Leaf iii.
Fire Climate Zones Of Coastal Alaska
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Author : Arnold I. Finklin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Fire Climate Zones Of Coastal Alaska written by Arnold I. Finklin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Alaska categories.
Alaska S Changing Wildland Environment
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Author : Z. Grabinski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Alaska S Changing Wildland Environment written by Z. Grabinski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Alaska categories.
An intensified pattern of wildfire is emerging in Alaska as rapidly increasing temperatures and longer growing seasons alter the state's environment. Both tundra and boreal forest regions are seeing larger and more frequent fires. The impacts of these fires are felt across the state. The wildland fire environment of Alaska presents many unique opportunities and challenges. In response to changing wildfire patterns, Alaska's fire management agencies are adapting quickly. The use of remote sensing tools, such as data from satellites, and science-based decision making have been a critical component in responding to intensified wildfire seasons. This publication aims to convey the rapidly changing patterns of wildfire in Alaska by looking into the phases of fire. Patterns emerging in the 21st century are the primary focus, with earlier histories of management, climate, and fire being drawn upon for context. The Alaska Fire Science Consortium strives to increase understanding of the critical role of wildfire within the state, by facilitating science delivery, outreach, and education.
Alaska S Changing Boreal Forest
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Author : F. Stuart Chapin
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2006-01-12
Alaska S Changing Boreal Forest written by F. Stuart Chapin and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-12 with Science categories.
The boreal forest is the northern-most woodland biome, whose natural history is rooted in the influence of low temperature and high-latitude. Alaska's boreal forest is now warming as rapidly as the rest of Earth, providing an unprecedented look at how this cold-adapted, fire-prone forest adjusts to change. This volume synthesizes current understanding of the ecology of Alaska's boreal forests and describes their unique features in the context of circumpolar and global patterns. It tells how fire and climate contributed to the biome's current dynamics. As climate warms and permafrost (permanently frozen ground) thaws, the boreal forest may be on the cusp of a major change in state. The editors have gathered a remarkable set of contributors to discuss this swift environmental and biotic transformation. Their chapters cover the properties of the forest, the changes it is undergoing, and the challenges these alterations present to boreal forest managers. In the first section, the reader can absorb the geographic and historical context for understanding the boreal forest. The book then delves into the dynamics of plant and animal communities inhabiting this forest, and the biogeochemical processes that link these organisms. In the last section the authors explore landscape phenomena that operate at larger temporal and spatial scales and integrates the processes described in earlier sections. Much of the research on which this book is based results from the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Here is a synthesis of the substantial literature on Alaska's boreal forest that should be accessible to professional ecologists, students, and the interested public.
Human Impacts To Fire Regime In Interior Alaska
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Author : La'ona DeWilde
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Human Impacts To Fire Regime In Interior Alaska written by La'ona DeWilde and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Forest fires categories.
"A thorough analysis of human impacts on interior Alaska's fire regime demonstrates that human activities have effects in populated areas. Two approaches were used to determine impacts: I examined three regions with very different populations, and also one large region to analyze suppression, ignition, and vegetation interactions. The Fairbanks Region, with a large human population and an extensive road system, differs from two other regions with low human populations and few roads. In the Fairbanks Region, humans have impacted fire regime by causing more fires in certain fuel types and doubling the length of the fire season. The Fairbanks Region, with a higher level of suppression than the other two regions, has less area of land burn, even after controlling for fuel type and a higher number of human ignitions. In areas designated for high protection, there is less area burned and more human caused starts. For interior Alaska as a whole, human ignitions and suppression have only a minor effect on fire regime, and climate strongly influences the total area burned. However, in populated areas and areas designated for high protection, human ignitions account for most of the area burned, and less area bums overall due to suppression"--Leaf iii.
Communicating Climate Change And Natural Hazard Risk And Cultivating Resilience
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Author : Jeanette L. Drake
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-11-05
Communicating Climate Change And Natural Hazard Risk And Cultivating Resilience written by Jeanette L. Drake and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-05 with Nature categories.
This edited volume emphasizes risk and crisis communication principles and practices within the up-to the minute context of new technologies, a new focus on resiliency, and global environmental change. It includes contributions from experts from around the globe whose research, advocacy, teaching, work, or service in the natural or social sciences deals with risk communication and/or management surrounding natural and technological disasters, with a particular focus on climate change-related phenomena. Resilience and good communication are intimately linked and with climate change precipitating more numerous and onerous weather-related catastrophes, a conversation on resilience is timely and necessary. The goal is robust communities that are able to withstand the shock of disaster. Communicating well under ordinary circumstances is challenging; communicating during a crisis is extraordinarily difficult. This book is dedicated to all those who have directly or indirectly suffered the effects of climate change end extreme events with the hope that the advance of knowledge, implementation of sound science and appropriate policies and use of effective communication will help in reducing their vulnerability while also improving resilience in the face of often devastating natural and technological disasters.
The Integrated Hydrologic And Societal Impacts Of A Warming Climate In Interior Alaska
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Author : Charles Edward Jones
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
The Integrated Hydrologic And Societal Impacts Of A Warming Climate In Interior Alaska written by Charles Edward Jones and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Climatic changes categories.
In this dissertation, interdisciplinary research methods were used to examine how changes in hydrology associated with climate affect Alaskans. Partnerships were established with residents of Fairbanks and Tanana to develop scientific investigations relevant to rural Alaskans. In chapter 2, local knowledge was incorporated into scientific models to identify a socialecological threshold used to model potential driftwood harvest from the Yukon River. Anecdotal evidence and subsistence calendar records were combined with scientific data to model the harvest rates of driftwood. Modeling results estimate that between 1980 and 2010 hydrologic factors alone were responsible for a 29% decrease in the annual wood harvest, which approximately balanced a 23% reduction in wood demand due to a decline in number of households. The community's installation of wood-fired boilers in 2007 created a threshold increase (76%) in wood demand that is not met by driftwood harvest. Modeling of climatic scenarios illustrates that increased hydrologic variability decreases driftwood harvest and increases the financial or temporal costs for subsistence users. In chapter 3, increased groundwater flow related to permafrost degradation was hypothesized to be affect river ice thickness in sloughs of the Tanana River. A physically-based, numerical model was developed to examine the importance of permafrost degradation in explaining unfrozen river conditions in the winter. Results indicated that ice melt is amplified by increasing groundwater upwelling rates, groundwater temperatures, and snowfall. Modeling results also suggest that permafrost degradation could be a valid explanation of the phenomenon, but does not address the potential drivers (e.g. warming climate, forest fire, etc.) of the permafrost warming. In chapter 4, remote sensing techniques were hypothesized to be useful for mapping dangerous ice conditions on the Tanana River in interior Alaska. Unsupervised classification of high-resolution satellite imagery was used to identify and map open water and degraded ice conditions on the Tanana River. Ninety-five percent of the total river channel surface was classified as "safe" for river travel, while 4% of the channel was mapped as having degraded ice and 0.6% of the channel was classified as open water (overall accuracy of 73%). This research demonstrates that the classification of high-resolution satellite images can be useful for mapping hazardous ice for recreational, transportation, or industrial applications in northern climates. These results are applicable to communities throughout the North. For people that rely upon subsistence activities, increased variability in climate cycles can have substantial financial, cultural, recreational, or even mortal consequences. This research demonstrates how collaborations between scientists and local stakeholders can create tools that help to assess the impacts of increased environmental variability (such as flooding) or to detect or predict unsafe conditions (such as thin or unpredictable ice cover). Based upon this research, I conclude that regional-scale adaptations and technological advances (such as modeling and remote sensing tools) may help to alleviate the effects of environmental variability associated by climate.