Clitics
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Clitics
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Author : Andrew Spencer
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2012-07-12
Clitics written by Andrew Spencer and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-12 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In most languages we find 'little words' which resemble a full word, but which cannot stand on their own. Instead they have to 'lean on' a neighbouring word, like the 'd, 've and unstressed 'em of Kim'd've helped'em ('Kim would have helped them'). These are clitics, and they are found in most of the world's languages. In English the clitic forms appear in the same place in the sentence that the full form of the word would appear in but in many languages clitics obey quite separate rules of placement. This book is the first introduction to clitics, providing a complete summary of their properties, their uses, the reasons why they are of interest to linguists and the various theoretical approaches that have been proposed for them. The book describes a whole host of clitic systems and presents data from over 100 languages.
On The Placement And Morphology Of Clitics
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Author : Aaron Halpern
language : en
Publisher: Center for the Study of Language (CSLI)
Release Date : 1995
On The Placement And Morphology Of Clitics written by Aaron Halpern and has been published by Center for the Study of Language (CSLI) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Using data from a variety of languages, this book investigates the place of clitics in the theory of language structure, and their implications for the relationships between syntax, morphology and phonology. It is argued that the least powerful theory of language requires us to recognise at least two classes of clitics, one with the syntax of independent phrases and the other with the syntax of inflectional affixes. It is also argued that prosodic conditions may influence the surface position of clitics beyond what may be accomplished by filtering potential syntactic structures. Finally, the relationship between syntactic, morphological, and phonological constituents within wordlike elements is explored.
Some Problems In A Theory Of Clitics
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Author : Judith L. Klavans
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Some Problems In A Theory Of Clitics written by Judith L. Klavans and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Grammar, Comparative and general categories.
Clitics In Greek
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Author : Marios Mavrogiorgos
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2010
Clitics In Greek written by Marios Mavrogiorgos and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This monograph investigates the morpho-syntactic and other properties of clitic pronouns in Greek and offers a grammar of proclisis and enclisis in light of Chomsky s (1995, 2001a, 2005) Minimalist Program. It explores the nature of clitics as syntactic topicalizers which are probed by structurally higher verbal heads to which they move and into which they incorporate morpho-syntactically. A theory is advanced according to which cliticization derives from syntactic agreement between (the phi-features of) a clitic pronoun and a phase head, v* in the case of proclisis and CM in the case of enclisis. Incorporation of the clitic into its host is argued to depend on two factors, i.e. the fact that the clitic only contains a subset of the features of its host, and the fact that the edge of the host is accessible. Also, the syntax of strong pronouns and their relation to clitics, of negated imperatives, of surrogate imperatives and of free clitic ordering in Greek enclisis are also discussed. This monograph would appeal to syntacticians and morphologists as well as to those interested in Greek and more generally in clitic syntax."
Clitics In The Languages Of Europe
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Author : Henk van Riemsdijk
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2011-03-01
Clitics In The Languages Of Europe written by Henk van Riemsdijk and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The series is a platform for contributions of all kinds to this rapidly developing field. General problems are studied from the perspective of individual languages, language families, language groups, or language samples. Conclusions are the result of a deepened study of empirical data. Special emphasis is given to little-known languages, whose analysis may shed new light on long-standing problems in general linguistics.
Clitics And Constituents In Phrase Structure Grammar
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Author : Philip H. Miller
language : en
Publisher: Philip Miller
Release Date : 1992
Clitics And Constituents In Phrase Structure Grammar written by Philip H. Miller and has been published by Philip Miller this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Foreign Language Study categories.
Italian Clitics
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Author : Cinzia Russi
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2008-08-27
Italian Clitics written by Cinzia Russi and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-27 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
After reviewing, from a grammaticalization perspective, the main stages in the evolution of Italian object clitic pronouns, the book discusses the distinctive morphosyntactic, semantic, and pragmatic features of Italian clitics. In particular, the book offers an original study of the most common examples of so-called verbi procomplementari, verbs which are characterized by the incorporation of clitics that no longer function as pronouns, and which are widely used in present-day Italian. Their emergence involves both grammaticalization of the clitic pronoun into an obligatory element, and lexicalization of the verb+clitic sequence. This study is essentially descriptive and maximally data-driven. The discussion of grammaticalization and lexicalization is reduced to the essentials and aims primarily at defining how these terms, which have received different and at times divergent interpretations, are employed in the book. The book is accessible to a wide and varied readership, which includes Italian and Romance linguists of functional and formal orientation, Italian language scholars, grammaticalization scholars interested in new case studies, as well as students of language change and variation.
Clitics
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Author : Joel A. Nevis
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1994-10-20
Clitics written by Joel A. Nevis and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-10-20 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This bibliography provides an alphabetical listing of over 1500 articles, books, and dissertations that treat in some way the topic of clitics and related matters, e.g. affixes, words, word order, movement, sandhi, etc. The beginning point for the bibliographic entries is 1892, taking Jacob Wackernagel's classic work as the point of departure, and the entries cover the subsequent 100-year period. Each entury is accompanied by a series of descriptors which give an indication of the content of the item. Nearly one-third of the book is a detailed analytic index, based on the descriptors, which can aid in topical searches for relevant material. Prefatory matter includes an essay “What is a Clitic?” by Arnold M. Zwicky, a brief consideration of Wackernagel's scholarly career by Brian D. Joseph, and information on the format and use of the book itself.
On Clitics And Cliticization
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Author : Judith L. Klavans
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-10-09
On Clitics And Cliticization written by Judith L. Klavans and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-09 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
First published in 1995. This investigation shows that cliticization is not a totally unified phenomenon. Asymmetries in the behaviour of phonological and syntactic clitics show that no single principle predicts all clitic behaviour. The study explores the idea that modifications to the original five parameter system of analysis can be altered to a more efficient analysis in terms of three parameters. This title will be of interest to students of phonetics and phonology.
The Syntax Of Ditransitives
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Author : Elena Anagnostopoulou
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2003
The Syntax Of Ditransitives written by Elena Anagnostopoulou and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The book investigates the nature and properties of indirect objects and develops a typology of double object constructions on the basis of an examination of a variety of data within and across languages. It argues for a four-class division of double object constructions depending on (a) a type of case on the goal argument and (b) whether the goal is introduced by a zero applicative head or is an argument of the main verb. The central questions addressed revolve around locality, case and the structural representation of double object constructions.