Coagulation And Ultrafiltration In Seawater Reverse Osmosis Pretreatment
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Coagulation And Ultrafiltration In Seawater Reverse Osmosis Pretreatment
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Author : S. Assiyeh Alizadeh Tabatabai
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2014-07-09
Coagulation And Ultrafiltration In Seawater Reverse Osmosis Pretreatment written by S. Assiyeh Alizadeh Tabatabai and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-09 with Science categories.
This study investigates the role of coagulation in enhancing hydraulic performance and permeate quality of UF membranes and provides insight into options for minimizing or ideally eliminating coagulation from UF pre-treatment to SWRO. Results show that coagulation improves UF hydraulic performance mainly by reducing non-backwashable fouling of the membranes. This can be achieved at very low coagulant dose (~ 0.5 mg Fe/L) by coating the membranes with sub-micron particles. Additionally, the work highlights the applicability of UF membranes with low molecular weight cut-off as the coagulant free future of SWRO pre-treatment. Major benefits in terms of reduced environmental impact is expected when applying membranes with low molecular weight cut-off, as the need for coagulation is eliminated while ensuring longevity of downstream SWRO membranes. In general terms, the research indicates that coagulant consumption can be significantly reduced in UF pre-treatment of SWRO by optimizing operational parameters and applying alternative solutions.
Assessing Bacterial Growth Potential In Seawater Reverse Osmosis Pretreatment
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Author : Almotasembellah Abushaban
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-01-21
Assessing Bacterial Growth Potential In Seawater Reverse Osmosis Pretreatment written by Almotasembellah Abushaban and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-21 with Science categories.
Seawater desalination is increasingly being used as a means to augment freshwater supplies in regions with high water stress, and reverse osmosis is increasingly the technology of choice because of the low energy consumption. However, seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) systems suffer from various types of fouling, which can increase energy consumption and the use of chemicals during SWRO operation. In practice, pre-treatment systems are put in place to reduce the particulate and biological fouling potential of SWRO feed water. However, simple, reliable and accurate methods to assess the extent to which biological fouling potential is reduced during pre-treatment are not available for seawater. This research developed a new method to measure bacterial growth potential (BGP) using the native bacterial consortium in seawater. New reagents to extract and detect ATP in microbial cells were specifically developed for seawater. The new lysis and detection reagents overcame the salt interference in seawater and allow low detection of total ATP, free ATP and microbial ATP in seawater. Incorporating a filtration step further increased the sensitivity of the method six fold, enabling ATP detection of ultra-low levels of microbial ATP in seawater. The newly developed ATP-based BGP method was applied to monitor and assess the pre-treatment of five full-scale seawater desalination plants around the world. A good correlation was observed between BGP measured in SWRO feed water and the pressure drop increase in the SWRO systems, suggesting the applicability of using the ATP-based BGP method as a biofouling indicator in SWRO. Furthermore, a safe level of BGP ( In the future, on-line monitoring of BGP in SWRO feed water may further reduce the consumption of chemicals and energy and improve the overall sustainability of seawater desalination by reverse osmosis.
Ultrafiltration Membrane Cleaning Processes
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Author : Guillem Gilabert-Oriol
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2021-06-08
Ultrafiltration Membrane Cleaning Processes written by Guillem Gilabert-Oriol and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-08 with Science categories.
This book covers the ultrafiltration membranes, specifically focusing on the elements that are produced using PVDF technology and out-side-in configuration. It specifically targets ultrafiltration technology as a pretreatment of seawater reverse osmosis desalination process. However, what is described in the book can be leveraged in other ultrafiltration membrane types. It explains how to significantly improve the efficiency of the process.
Development Of An Ultrafiltration Pretreatment System For Seawater Desalination By Reverse Osmosis
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Author : Norbert Karl Heinz Strohwald
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Development Of An Ultrafiltration Pretreatment System For Seawater Desalination By Reverse Osmosis written by Norbert Karl Heinz Strohwald and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Saline water conversion categories.
Pretreatment For Reverse Osmosis Desalination
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Author : Nikolay Voutchkov
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2017-05-29
Pretreatment For Reverse Osmosis Desalination written by Nikolay Voutchkov and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-29 with Science categories.
Pretreatment for Reverse Osmosis Desalination is a comprehensive reference on all existing and emerging seawater pretreatment technologies used for desalination. The book focuses on reverse osmosis membrane desalination, which at present is the most widely applied technology for the production of fresh drinking water from highly saline water sources (brackish water and seawater). Each chapter contains examples illustrating various pretreatment technologies and their practical implementation. Provides in-depth overview of the key theoretical concepts associated with desalination pre-treatment Gives insight into the latest trends in membrane separation technology Incorporates analytical methods and guidelines for monitoring pretreatment systems
Seawater Pretreatment
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Author : Nikolay Voutchkov
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Seawater Pretreatment written by Nikolay Voutchkov and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Membranes (Technology). categories.
Controlling Biofouling In Seawater Reverse Osmosis Membrane Systems
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Author : Nirajan Dhakal
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-12-01
Controlling Biofouling In Seawater Reverse Osmosis Membrane Systems written by Nirajan Dhakal and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-01 with Science categories.
Seawater desalination is a rapidly growing coastal industry that is increasingly threatened by algal blooms. Depending on the severity of algal blooms, desalination systems may be forced to shut down because of clogging and/or poor feed water quality. To maintain stable operation and provide good feed water quality to seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) systems, ultrafiltration (UF) pre-treatment is proposed. This research focused on assessing the ability of UF and other pre-treatment technologies to reduce biofouling in SWRO systems. An improved method to measure bacterial regrowth potential (BRP) was developed and applied at laboratory, pilot and full scale to assess the ability of conventional UF (150 kDa) and tight UF (10 kDa) alone and in combination with a phosphate adsorbent to reduce regrowth potential and delay the onset of biofouling in SWRO. The improved bacterial regrowth potential method employs a natural consortium of marine bacteria as inoculum and flow cytometry. The limit of detection of the BRP method was lowered to 43,000 ± 12,000 cells/mL, which is equivalent to 9.3 ± 2.6 μg-Cglucose/L. The reduction in bacterial regrowth potential after tight UF (10 kDa) was 3 to 4 times higher than with conventional UF (150 kDa). It was further reduced after the application of a phosphate adsorbent, independent of pore size of the UF membrane. Pilot studies demonstrated that the application of tight UF (10 kDa) coupled with a phosphate adsorbent consistently lowered the bacterial regrowth potential and no feed channel pressure drop increase was observed in membrane fouling simulators (MFS) over a period of 21 days. The study also showed that non-backwashable fouling of UF membranes varied strongly with the type of algal species and the algal organic matter (AOM) they release. The presence of polysaccharide (stretching -OH) and sugar ester groups (stretching S=O) was the main cause of non-backwashable fouling. In conclusion, this study showed that an improved BRP method is suitable for the assessment of SWRO pre-treatment systems and it can be a useful tool to develop potential strategies to mitigate biofouling and improve the sustainability of SWRO systems.
Assessing Bacterial Growth Potential In Seawater Reverse Osmosis Pretreatment
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Author : Almotasembellah Abushaban
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-12-09
Assessing Bacterial Growth Potential In Seawater Reverse Osmosis Pretreatment written by Almotasembellah Abushaban and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-09 with Science categories.
Seawater desalination is increasingly being used as a means to augment freshwater supplies in regions with high water stress, and reverse osmosis is increasingly the technology of choice because of the low energy consumption. However, seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) systems suffer from various types of fouling, which can increase energy consumption and the use of chemicals during SWRO operation. In practice, pre-treatment systems are put in place to reduce the particulate and biological fouling potential of SWRO feed water. However, simple, reliable and accurate methods to assess the extent to which biological fouling potential is reduced during pre-treatment are not available for seawater. This research developed a new method to measure bacterial growth potential (BGP) using the native bacterial consortium in seawater. New reagents to extract and detect ATP in microbial cells were specifically developed for seawater. The new lysis and detection reagents overcame the salt interference in seawater and allow low detection of total ATP, free ATP and microbial ATP in seawater. Incorporating a filtration step further increased the sensitivity of the method six fold, enabling ATP detection of ultra-low levels of microbial ATP in seawater. The newly developed ATP-based BGP method was applied to monitor and assess the pre-treatment of five full-scale seawater desalination plants around the world. A good correlation was observed between BGP measured in SWRO feed water and the pressure drop increase in the SWRO systems, suggesting the applicability of using the ATP-based BGP method as a biofouling indicator in SWRO. Furthermore, a safe level of BGP ( In the future, on-line monitoring of BGP in SWRO feed water may further reduce the consumption of chemicals and energy and improve the overall sustainability of seawater desalination by reverse osmosis.
Controlling Biofouling In Seawater Reverse Osmosis Membrane Systems
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Author : Nirajan Dhakal
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-12-01
Controlling Biofouling In Seawater Reverse Osmosis Membrane Systems written by Nirajan Dhakal and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-01 with Science categories.
Seawater desalination is a rapidly growing coastal industry that is increasingly threatened by algal blooms. Depending on the severity of algal blooms, desalination systems may be forced to shut down because of clogging and/or poor feed water quality. To maintain stable operation and provide good feed water quality to seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) systems, ultrafiltration (UF) pre-treatment is proposed. This research focused on assessing the ability of UF and other pre-treatment technologies to reduce biofouling in SWRO systems. An improved method to measure bacterial regrowth potential (BRP) was developed and applied at laboratory, pilot and full scale to assess the ability of conventional UF (150 kDa) and tight UF (10 kDa) alone and in combination with a phosphate adsorbent to reduce regrowth potential and delay the onset of biofouling in SWRO. The improved bacterial regrowth potential method employs a natural consortium of marine bacteria as inoculum and flow cytometry. The limit of detection of the BRP method was lowered to 43,000 ± 12,000 cells/mL, which is equivalent to 9.3 ± 2.6 μg-Cglucose/L. The reduction in bacterial regrowth potential after tight UF (10 kDa) was 3 to 4 times higher than with conventional UF (150 kDa). It was further reduced after the application of a phosphate adsorbent, independent of pore size of the UF membrane. Pilot studies demonstrated that the application of tight UF (10 kDa) coupled with a phosphate adsorbent consistently lowered the bacterial regrowth potential and no feed channel pressure drop increase was observed in membrane fouling simulators (MFS) over a period of 21 days. The study also showed that non-backwashable fouling of UF membranes varied strongly with the type of algal species and the algal organic matter (AOM) they release. The presence of polysaccharide (stretching -OH) and sugar ester groups (stretching S=O) was the main cause of non-backwashable fouling. In conclusion, this study showed that an improved BRP method is suitable for the assessment of SWRO pre-treatment systems and it can be a useful tool to develop potential strategies to mitigate biofouling and improve the sustainability of SWRO systems.
Coagulation Pretreatment For Membrane Filtration
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Author : Kerry J. Howe
language : en
Publisher: American Water Works Association
Release Date : 2002
Coagulation Pretreatment For Membrane Filtration written by Kerry J. Howe and has been published by American Water Works Association this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Water categories.
This research report evaluates the fouling and flux decline performance of membranes after the source water is pretreated with coagulation, and identifies the conditions under which coagulation can improve membrane performance as well as the mechanisms that cause natural waters to foul membranes. Conducted at the University of Illinois, the experiments involved collecting raw water from lakes and rivers, coagulating the water in the laboratory, characterizing the physical and chemical composition of the water before and after coagulation, measuring flux decline as the water was filtered through MF and UF membranes, and examining the fouled membranes with scanning electron microscopy. No index is provided. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR