Cockpit Automation Flight Systems Complexity And Aircraft Certification
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Cockpit Automation Flight Systems Complexity And Aircraft Certification
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Author : Bart Elias
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-10-20
Cockpit Automation Flight Systems Complexity And Aircraft Certification written by Bart Elias and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-20 with categories.
The increasing complexity and automation of flight control systems pose a challenge to federal policy regarding aircraft certification and pilot training. Despite significant commercial aviation safety improvements over the past two decades, flight control automation and aircraft complexity have been cited as contributing factors in a number of major airline accidents, including two high-profile crashes overseas involving the recently introduced Boeing 737 Max variant in 2018 and 2019. These crashes have directed attention to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) oversight of aircraft type certification and pilot training practices for transport category aircraft, particularly as they pertain to complex automated flight control systems. As aircraft systems have evolved over the past three decades to incorporate new technologies, Congress has mandated FAA to streamline certification processes, with the primary motivation being to facilitate the development of new safety-enhancing technologies. Modern commercial aircraft rely on "fly-by-wire" flight control technologies, under which pilots' flight control inputs are sent to computers rather than through direct mechanical linkages to flight control systems. The fly-by-wire software contains flight control laws and logic that, in addition to optimizing performance efficiency, protect the aircraft from commanded actions that could put the airplane in an unsafe state. Automated flight control systems have largely been viewed as having a positive effect on safety, and accident rates have improved considerably over the past two decades. However, the increasing complexity of automated flight systems has sometimes caused confusion and uncertainty, contributing to improper pilot actions during critical phases of flight and in some cases leading pilots to unintentionally place an aircraft in an unsafe condition. Besides designing these systems in a manner that minimizes pilot errors and the consequences of those errors, aircraft designers and operators face challenges regarding maintaining piloting skills for flight crews to be able to take over and manually fly the aircraft safely if critical systems fail. They also face challenges regarding documentation and pilot training effectiveness in building accurate mental models of how these complex systems operate. The primary goals of ongoing efforts to address these challenges are to enhance pilot situation awareness when using automation and reduce the likelihood of mode errors and confusion, while at the same time not overburdening pilots with intricate systems knowledge beyond what is necessary. In the ongoing investigations of two Boeing 737 Max crashes, Lion Air flight 610 and Ethiopian Airlines flight 302, concerns have been raised about the design of an automated feature called the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS) and its reliance on a single angle-of-attack sensor even though the aircraft is equipped with two such sensors. These concerns led to the worldwide grounding of all Boeing 737 Max aircraft until the MCAS safety concerns can be resolved, significantly impacting both U.S. and foreign airlines that operate the aircraft. These recent aviation accidents have prompted reviews of the manner in which modern transport category aircraft are certified by FAA and its foreign counterparts, and in particular, the roles of regulators and manufacturers in the certification process. The challenges of certifying increasingly complex aircraft are largely being met by delegating more of FAA's certification functions to aircraft designers and manufacturers. This raises potential conflicts between safety and quality assurance on the one hand and competitive pressures to market and deliver aircraft on the other. Under Organization Designation Authorization (ODA), FAA can designate companies to carry out delegated certification functions on its behalf.
Flightdeck Automation
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Author : S. D. Norman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Flightdeck Automation written by S. D. Norman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with categories.
Human Factors In Certification
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Author : John A. Wise
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2000-08-01
Human Factors In Certification written by John A. Wise and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-08-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Much has happened to certification and to human factors during the past few years. In this volume, the editors and other specialists discuss the topic of human factors applied to certification. They focus on core topics in the certification process that have emerged in the study of product certification in high-tech industries. The editors' purpose
Aircrew Training And Assessment
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Author : Harold F. O'Neil Jr.
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2000-07-01
Aircrew Training And Assessment written by Harold F. O'Neil Jr. and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-07-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Aircrew Training and Assessment is designed for professionals in the aviation psychology, human factors, assessment and evaluation, vocational, technical, educational psychology, and educational technology communities. It explores the state of the art in the training and assessment of aircrews and includes a review and description of the use
Automated Systems In The Aviation And Aerospace Industries
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Author : Shmelova, Tetiana
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2019-03-22
Automated Systems In The Aviation And Aerospace Industries written by Shmelova, Tetiana and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Air traffic controllers need advanced information and automated systems to provide a safe environment for everyone traveling by plane. One of the primary challenges in developing training for automated systems is to determine how much a trainee will need to know about the underlying technologies to use automation safely and efficiently. To ensure safety and success, task analysis techniques should be used as the basis of the design for training in automated systems in the aviation and aerospace industries. Automated Systems in the Aviation and Aerospace Industries is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the application of underlying technologies used to enforce automation safety and efficiency. While highlighting topics such as expert systems, text mining, and human-machine interface, this publication explores the concept of constructing navigation algorithms, based on the use of video information and the methods of the estimation of the availability and accuracy parameters of satellite navigation. This book is ideal for aviation professionals, researchers, and managers seeking current research on information technology used to reduce the risk involved in aviation.
Aviation Safety Human Factors System Engineering Flight Operations Economics Strategies Management
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Author : Hans M. Soekkha
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-03-26
Aviation Safety Human Factors System Engineering Flight Operations Economics Strategies Management written by Hans M. Soekkha and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Questions concerning safety in aviation attract a great deal of attention, due to the growth in this industry and the number of fatal accidents in recent years. The aerospace industry has always been deeply concerned with the permanent prevention of accidents and the conscientious safeguarding of all imaginable critical factors surrounding the organization of processes in aeronautical technology. However, the developments in aircraft technology and control systems require further improvements to meet future safety demands. This book embodies the proceedings of the 1997 International Aviation Safety Conference, and contains 60 talks by internationally recognized experts on various aspects of aviation safety. Subjects covered include: Human interfaces and man-machine interactions; Flight safety engineering and operational control systems; Aircraft development and integrated safety designs; Safety strategies relating to risk insurance and economics; Corporate aspects and safety management factors --- including airlines services and airport security environment.
Federal Aviation Administration National Aviation Research Plan
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Federal Aviation Administration National Aviation Research Plan written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Aeronautics categories.
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Aeronautics categories.
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Coping With Computers In The Cockpit
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Author : Sidney Dekker
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-12-17
Coping With Computers In The Cockpit written by Sidney Dekker and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-17 with Social Science categories.
First published in 1999, this volume examined how increasing cockpit automation in commercial fleets across the world has had a profound impact on the cognitive work that is carried out on the flight deck. Pilots have largely been transformed into supervisory controllers, managing a suite of human and automated resources. Operational and training requirements have changed, and the potential for human error and system breakdown has shifted. This compelling book critically examines how airlines, regulators, educators and manufacturers cope with these and other consequences of advanced aircraft automation.
Aviation Training
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Author : Ross A.Telfer
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-03-02
Aviation Training written by Ross A.Telfer and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-02 with Transportation categories.
The book is in three parts, which consider training from the perspective of the learner, the instructor and the organization. Its intended readership includes civil and military training and senior pilots, flying instructors, check pilots, CRM facilitators, Human Factors and safety departments, and aviation and educational psychologists as well as those in operations and air traffic management and regulatory authorities.