Cognition
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Cognition And Intelligence
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Author : Robert J. Sternberg
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2005
Cognition And Intelligence written by Robert J. Sternberg and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Psychology categories.
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Cognition In Action
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Author : Mary M. Smyth
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1994
Cognition In Action written by Mary M. Smyth and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Psychology categories.
Designed for undergraduate courses in cognitive psychology, this textbook approaches cognitive psychology by asking what it says about how people carry out everyday activities.
An Introduction To Mathematical Cognition
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Author : Camilla Gilmore
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-06-13
An Introduction To Mathematical Cognition written by Camilla Gilmore and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-13 with Psychology categories.
The last decade has seen a rapid growth in our understanding of the cognitive systems that underlie mathematical learning and performance, and an increased recognition of the importance of this topic. This book showcases international research on the most important cognitive issues that affect mathematical performance across a wide age range, from early childhood to adulthood. The book considers the foundational competencies of nonsymbolic and symbolic number processing before discussing arithmetic, conceptual understanding, individual differences and dyscalculia, algebra, number systems, reasoning and higher-level mathematics such as formal proof. Drawing on diverse methodology from behavioural experiments to brain imaging, each chapter discusses key theories and empirical findings and introduces key tasks used by researchers. The final chapter discusses challenges facing the future development of the field of mathematical cognition and reviews a set of open questions that mathematical cognition researchers should address to move the field forward. This book is ideal for undergraduate or graduate students of psychology, education, cognitive sciences, cognitive neuroscience and other academic and clinical audiences including mathematics educators and educational psychologists.
Grounds For Cognition
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Author : Radu J. Bogdan
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-01-02
Grounds For Cognition written by Radu J. Bogdan and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-02 with Psychology categories.
Q: Why do organisms need cognition? A: To get information about their environments. Q: Why such information? A: Because organisms need to guide their behaviors to goals. Q: Why guidance? A: Because it leads to goal satisfaction. Q: Why goals? Cognition is a naturally selected response by genetic programs to the evolutionary pressure of guiding behaviors to goals. Organisms are material systems that maintain and replicate themselves by engaging their world in goal-directed ways. This is how guidance of behavior to goal grounds and explains cognition and the main forms in which it manages information. Guidance to goal also makes a difference to the understanding of human cognition. Simpler forms of cognition evolve to handle fixed informational transactions with the world, whereas human cognition evolves the abilities to script flexible goal situations that fit specific contexts of behavior. This teleoevolutionary approach has important implications for cognitive science, two of which are programmatic. One is that information that guides to goal is not exclusively cognitive; guidance is also affected by ecological facts and regularities as well as by design assumptions about them. The other implication is that the functional analyses dominant in cognitive science and philosophy of mind are incomplete and weak. They are incomplete in that they focus only on the explicitly encoded cognitive information and its behavioral consequences, thus ignoring the larger guidance arrangements; and weak because causal and functional relations implement but underdetermine goal-directed and goal-guided procesess. A work dealing expressly with the foundations of cognitive science, this book addresses basic but seldom-asked questions about the evolutionary rationale of cognition and the way this rationale has shaped the major types of cognition. It also provides a teleological answer to these basic questions in terms of goal directedness and particularly guidance of behavior to goal. In so doing, the work defends the scientific respectability and the explanatory necessity of teleology by showing that goal directedness characterizes the work of genetic programs.
Cognition In The Wild
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Author : Edwin Hutchins
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1996-08-26
Cognition In The Wild written by Edwin Hutchins and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-08-26 with Psychology categories.
Edwin Hutchins combines his background as an anthropologist and an open ocean racing sailor and navigator in this account of how anthropological methods can be combined with cognitive theory to produce a new reading of cognitive science. His theoretical insights are grounded in an extended analysis of ship navigation—its computational basis, its historical roots, its social organization, and the details of its implementation in actual practice aboard large ships. The result is an unusual interdisciplinary approach to cognition in culturally constituted activities outside the laboratory—"in the wild." Hutchins examines a set of phenomena that have fallen in the cracks between the established disciplines of psychology and anthropology, bringing to light a new set of relationships between culture and cognition. The standard view is that culture affects the cognition of individuals. Hutchins argues instead that cultural activity systems have cognitive properties of their own that are different from the cognitive properties of the individuals who participate in them. Each action for bringing a large naval vessel into port, for example, is informed by culture: the navigation team can be seen as a cognitive and computational system. Introducing Navy life and work on the bridge, Hutchins makes a clear distinction between the cognitive properties of an individual and the cognitive properties of a system. In striking contrast to the usual laboratory tasks of research in cognitive science, he applies the principal metaphor of cognitive science—cognition as computation (adopting David Marr's paradigm)—to the navigation task. After comparing modern Western navigation with the method practiced in Micronesia, Hutchins explores the computational and cognitive properties of systems that are larger than an individual. He then turns to an analysis of learning or change in the organization of cognitive systems at several scales. Hutchins's conclusion illustrates the costs of ignoring the cultural nature of cognition, pointing to the ways in which contemporary cognitive science can be transformed by new meanings and interpretations. A Bradford Book
Language And Social Cognition
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Author : Hanna Pishwa
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2009
Language And Social Cognition written by Hanna Pishwa and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In a collection of 16 papers, eminent scholars from several disciplines present diverse and yet cohering perspectives on the expression of social knowledge, its acquisition and management. Hence, the volume is an attempt to view the social functions of language in a novel, systematic way. Such an approach has been missing due to the complexity of the matter and the emphasis on purely cognitive properties of language. The volume starts with a presentation of overarching issues of the social nature of humans and their language, providing strong evidence for the social fundaments of human nature and their reflection in language and culture. The second section demonstrates how social functions can be displayed in discourse by using language play and humor, irony and attributions as well as references to social schemas. The chapters in the third part examine a wide range of particular linguistic elements carrying social-cognitive functions. An important finding is that social-cognitive functions have to be inferred on the basis of social knowledge, frequently with the help of non-verbal cues, since languages offer only few direct expressions for them. In other words, linguistic devices used to express social content tend to be multifunctional. Interestingly, this multifunctionality does not prevent their rapid recognition. The volume presents valuable information to linguists by widening the cognitive-linguistic framework and by contributing to a better understanding of the role of pragmatics. It is also beneficial to social and cognitive psychologists by offering a broader view on the encoding and decoding of social aspects. Finally, it offers a number of fruitful ideas to students of cultural and communication studies.
Semantics Culture And Cognition
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Author : Anna Wierzbicka
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 1992
Semantics Culture And Cognition written by Anna Wierzbicka and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Intercultural communication categories.
This study ranges across a wide variety of languages and cultures in an attempt to identify concepts which are truly universal and to explore whether certain words are culture-specific.
Psychophysical Approaches To Cognition
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Author : D. Algom
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1992-08-20
Psychophysical Approaches To Cognition written by D. Algom and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-08-20 with Psychology categories.
Our lives are informed by perceptual and cognitive processes at all levels, from instrumental learning to metaphorical discourse to memorial representation. Yet, historically, these two branches of experimental psychology, perception and cognition, have developed separately using independent methods of experimentation and analysis. This volume is motivated by the assumption that a fundamental integration of the two fields is fruitful methodologically and indispensable theoretically. It explores how the notion of psychophysics aligned with cognitive processes shapes the study of perception and cognition, and illuminates a variety of contemporary research issues from a novel theoretical perspective. The papers raise conceptual and metatheoretical issues against the background of relevant empirical data. The authors provide a virtually narrative account of the most recent developments in their respective fields of expertise in psychophysics and cognitive psychology. Hence, this volume gives the interested reader an opportunity to reflect critically upon some of the current issues defining the two domains and their conjunction. Topics discussed include the psychology and psychophysics of similarity, the psychophysics of visual memory and cognitive factors in judgment. The emerging notion of cognitive psychophysics may well warrant the attention of experts in the field.
Cognition And Instruction
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Author : David Klahr
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-01-14
Cognition And Instruction written by David Klahr and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-14 with Psychology categories.
First published in 1987. The author argues that information-processing psychology has come to dominate the experimental study of complex human behaviour. Such rapid success suggests that the approach will have as much of an impact on psychology in the field as it has had on psychology in the laboratory. The chapters in this volume indicate the extent to which this potential has already begun to be realized. The book is divided into four parts. The first three parts include sets of research contributions followed by discussions, and the fourth part contains three chapters that offer critiques, syntheses, and evaluations of various aspects of the preceding papers.
The Psychology Of Cognition
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Author : Gillian Cohen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
The Psychology Of Cognition written by Gillian Cohen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Cognition categories.