Cognitive Control And Reward Processing In Addiction
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Cognitive Control And Reward Processing In Addiction
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Author : Qi Li
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-04-06
Cognitive Control And Reward Processing In Addiction written by Qi Li and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-06 with Medical categories.
Concepts And Applications Of Brain Computer Interfaces
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Author : Darwish, Dina
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2025-05-14
Concepts And Applications Of Brain Computer Interfaces written by Darwish, Dina and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-05-14 with Computers categories.
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) emerge as new technologies bridging the gap between the human brain and digital systems, unlocking new possibilities in communication, rehabilitation, and human augmentation. By translating neural signals into usable data, BCIs enable direct interaction with computers, prosthetics, and other devices, offering transformative applications for individuals with disabilities and enhancing cognitive capabilities. From enabling paralyzed individuals to control robotic limbs to offering advanced approaches for treating neurological disorders, BCIs pave the way for a future where the mind influences and controls the digital world. As research and development advances, the concepts and applications of BCIs may redefine how we interact with technology, with insights into medicine, education, and more. Concepts and Applications of Brain-Computer Interfaces explores the positive impacts of brain-computer technology in the medical field, including preventative measures and the rehabilitation of severe brain damage. It examines how BCIs foster mutual comprehension between users and the surrounding systems, and the technological obstacles that arise when utilizing brain signals in different components. This book covers topics such as deep learning, brain modulation, and artificial intelligence, and is a useful resource for data scientists, engineers, business owners, academicians, and researchers.
Reward Processing In Motivational And Affective Disorders
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Author : Frank Ryan
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-10-11
Reward Processing In Motivational And Affective Disorders written by Frank Ryan and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-11 with Psychology categories.
Preferential reward processing is the hallmark of addiction, where salient cues become overvalued and trigger compulsion. In depression, rewards appear to lose their incentive properties or become devalued. In the context of schizophrenia, aberrations in neural reward signalling are thought to contribute to the overvaluation of irrelevant stimuli on the one hand and the onset of negative symptoms on the other. Accordingly, reward processing has emerged as a key variable in contemporary, evidence based, diagnostic frameworks, such as the Research Domain Criteria launched by the United States National Institute of Mental Health. Delineation of the underlying mechanisms of aberrant or blunted reward processing can be of trans-diagnostic importance across several neuropsychiatric disorders. Reward processing can become automatic thus raising the question of cognitive control, a core theme of this Topic, which aims at justifying the necessity of reward processing as a potential therapeutic target in clinical settings. Empirical and theoretical contributions on the following themes were expected to: *Explore new avenues of research by investigating the processing of rewards at the cognitive, behavioral, motivational, neural systems and individual difference levels. A developmental focus is promising in this regard, probing the core processes that shape reward processing and thus subsequent liability to motivational and affective disorders. *Develop and refine conceptual models of reward processing from computational neuroscience. *Promote greater understanding and development of emergent therapeutic approaches such as cognitive bias modification and behavioural approach or avoidance training. A key question is the feasibility of reversing or modifying maladaptive patterns of reward processing to therapeutic ends. *Refine and augment the evidential database for tried and tested therapies such as Contingency Management and Behavioral Activation by focusing on core cognitive processes mediating rewards. *Provide a potential dimensional approach for reward processing deficits that can be of trans-diagnostic importance in clinically relevant disorders, including depression and addiction * Investigate the subjective experience of pleasure- the hedonic aspect of reward seeking and consumption – and how this can be distinguished from the motivational, sometimes compulsive, component of reward pursuit. This promises more nuanced and effective interventions. Depression, for instance, could be seen as the restricted pursuit of pleasure rather than blunted pleasure experience; addiction can be viewed as accentuated drug seeking despite diminished consummatory pleasure. This aims to place motivation centre stage in both scenarios, emphasising the transdiagnostic theme of the Topic. *Temporal discounting of future rewards, whereby smaller, more immediate rewards are chosen even when significantly more valuable deferred rewards are available, is another trans-diagnostic phenomenon of interest in the in the present context. Factors that influence this, such as discounting of future reward are thought to reflect compulsion in the addictive context and hopelessness on the part of people experiencing depression. The executive cognitive processes that regulate this decision making are of both scientific and clinical significance. Empirical findings, theoretical contributions or commentaries bearing on cognitive or executive control were therefore welcome.
Substance Abuse
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Author : Joyce H. Lowinson
language : en
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Release Date : 2005
Substance Abuse written by Joyce H. Lowinson and has been published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Medical categories.
The premier text on substance abuse and addictive behaviors is now in its updated and expanded Fourth Edition, with up-to-the-minute insights from more than 150 experts at the front lines of patient management and research. This edition features expanded coverage of the neurobiology of abused substances, new pharmacologic therapies for addictions, and complete information on “club drugs” such as Ecstasy. New sections focus on addiction in children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly and women’s health issues, including pregnancy. The expanded behavioral addictions section now includes hoarding, shopping, and computer/Internet abuse. Includes access to a Companion wesbite that has fully searchable text.
Evaluating The Brain Disease Model Of Addiction
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Author : Nick Heather
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2022-03-07
Evaluating The Brain Disease Model Of Addiction written by Nick Heather and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-07 with Psychology categories.
This ground-breaking book advances the fundamental debate about the nature of addiction. As well as presenting the case for seeing addiction as a brain disease, it brings together all the most cogent and penetrating critiques of the brain disease model of addiction (BDMA) and the main grounds for being skeptical of BDMA claims. The idea that addiction is a brain disease dominates thinking and practice worldwide. However, the editors of this book argue that our understanding of addiction is undergoing a revolutionary change, from being considered a brain disease to a disorder of voluntary behavior. The resolution of this controversy will determine the future of scientific progress in understanding addiction, together with necessary advances in treatment, prevention, and societal responses to addictive disorders. This volume brings together the various strands of the contemporary debate about whether or not addiction is best regarded as a brain disease. Contributors offer arguments for and against, and reasons for uncertainty; they also propose novel alternatives to both brain disease and moral models of addiction. In addition to reprints of classic articles from the addiction research literature, each section contains original chapters written by authorities on their chosen topic. The editors have assembled a stellar cast of chapter authors from a wide range of disciplines – neuroscience, philosophy, psychiatry, psychology, cognitive science, sociology, and law – including some of the most brilliant and influential voices in the field of addiction studies today. The result is a landmark volume in the study of addiction which will be essential reading for advanced students and researchers in addiction as well as professionals such as medical practitioners, psychiatrists, psychologists of all varieties, and social workers.
Motivation And Cognitive Control
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Author : Todd S. Braver
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-12-22
Motivation And Cognitive Control written by Todd S. Braver and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-22 with Psychology categories.
Individuals do not always perform to their full capability on cognitive tasks. When this occurs, the usual explanation is that the individual was not properly motivated. But this begs the important question: How and why does motivation interact with and influence cognitive processing and the control processes that regulate it? What are the underlying mechanisms that govern such interactions? Motivation has been an important component of psychology and neuroscience throughout the history of the field, but has recently been rejuvenated by rapidly accelerating research interest in the nature of motivation-cognition interactions, particularly as they impact control processes and goal-directed behavior. This volume provides an up-to-date snapshot of the state of research in this exciting, expanding area. The contributors to the volume are internationally-renowned researchers that lead the field in conducting groundbreaking studies. Moreover, they represent a variety of research perspectives and traditions: cognitive psychology and neuroscience, animal learning, social, affective, and personality psychology, and development, lifespan, and aging studies. This book summarizes our current state of understanding of the relationship between motivation and cognitive control, and serves as an essential reference for both students and researchers.
The Oxford Handbook Of Adolescent Substance Abuse
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Author : Robert A. Zucker
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-08-01
The Oxford Handbook Of Adolescent Substance Abuse written by Robert A. Zucker and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-01 with Psychology categories.
Adolescent substance abuse is the nation's #1 public health problem. It originates out of a developmental era where experimentation with the world is increasingly taking place, and where major changes in physical self and social relationships are taking place. These changes cannot be understood by any one discipline nor can they be described by focusing only on the behavioral and social problems of this age period, the characteristics of normal development, or the pharmacology and addictive potential of specific drugs. They require knowledge of the brain's systems of reward and control, genetics, psychopharmacology, personality, child development, psychopathology, family dynamics, peer group relationships, culture, social policy, and more. Drawing on the expertise of the leading researchers in this field, this Handbook provides the most comprehensive summarization of current knowledge about adolescent substance abuse. The Handbook is organized into eight sections covering the literature on the developmental context of this life period, the epidemiology of adolescent use and abuse, similarities and differences in use, addictive potential, and consequences of use for different drugs; etiology and course as characterized at different levels of mechanistic analysis ranging from the genetic and neural to the behavioural and social. Two sections cover the clinical ramifications of abuse, and prevention and intervention strategies to most effectively deal with these problems. The Handbook's last section addresses the role of social policy in framing the problem, in addressing it, and explores its potential role in alleviating it.
Handbook Of Substance Misuse And Addictions
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Author : Vinood B. Patel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-10-17
Handbook Of Substance Misuse And Addictions written by Vinood B. Patel and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-17 with Medical categories.
Substance misuse and addictions are a public health issue. They affect the well-being of each community and nation as a whole. It is, therefore, necessary to identify, educate, and treat individuals who are addicted to substances. Policies and procedures go hand-in-hand with public health education and safety. The science behind the public health issues of one drug may be applicable to other drugs as well. However, marshalling all of the aforementioned information into a single source is somewhat difficult due to the wide array of material. The Editors address this by compiling the research in this single reference work that serves as a "one-stop-shopping" approach to everything readers need to know about the scientific basis of public health and addictions and agents of misuse. Apart from active agents that have a plant or chemical basis, there is a need to consider that there are other forms of addiction which may have common modes of causality or prevention. These include food addiction, gaming, gambling, and other non-drug addictions. These types of addiction may be related to the addiction of drugs. The Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions: From Biology to Public Health offers a holistic understanding of the relationship between public health and substance misuse. The text provides a common platform upon which other forms of addiction or substance misuse can be understood and treated. Addiction processes involve understanding the biological processes as well as behavior, psychology, sociology, and public health, all of which are interlinked. This Handbook is a useful reference for lecturers, students, researchers, practitioners, and other professionals in public health, addiction science, epidemiology, health education, health promotion, and health sciences.
Insights In Addictive Disorders 2021
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Author : Yasser Khazaal
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-07-07
Insights In Addictive Disorders 2021 written by Yasser Khazaal and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-07 with Medical categories.
Handbook Of Implicit Cognition And Addiction
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Author : Reinout W. Wiers
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Release Date : 2005-12-01
Handbook Of Implicit Cognition And Addiction written by Reinout W. Wiers and has been published by SAGE Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-12-01 with Medical categories.
"This book is a valuable source for both researchers and practitioners who are either familiar or unfamiliar with implicit cognition and addiction" —Emmanuel Kuntsche, ALCALA Most research on cognitive processes and drug abuse has focused on theories and methods of explicit cognition, asking people directly to introspect about the causes of their behavior. However, it may be questioned to what extent such methods reflect fundamental aspects of human cognition and motivation. In response to this issue, basic cognition researchers have started to assess implicit cognitions, defined as "introspectively unidentified (or inaccurately identified) traces of past experience that mediate feeling, thought, or action." Such approaches are less sensitive to self-justification and social desirability and offer other advantages over traditional approaches underscored by explicit cognition. Wiers′ Handbook of Implicit Cognition and Addiction lays the groundwork for new approaches to the study and addictive behaviors as the first handbook to apply principles of implicit cognition to the field of addiction. This Handbook features the work of an interdisciplinary group of internationally renowned contributing North American and European authors who have brought together developments in basic research on implicit cognition with recent developments in addiction research. Key Features: Moves the field forward by integrating cutting-edge research from formerly independent disciplines that help provide a better understanding of the etiology, prevention, and treatment of addictive behaviors Lays the groundwork for new approaches to the study and treatment of addictive behaviors as the first handbook to apply principles of implicit cognition to the field of addiction Presents existing applications to the prevention and treatment of addictive behaviors as well as possibilities for future interventions based on new approaches based on implicit cognition Opens with a chapter, written by the volume editors, that outlines general theoretical issues and provides a roadmap to the book Provides integrative summaries – written by both "insiders" and "outsiders" to the field - in a final section, highlighting theoretical issues currently being debated within this newly emerging area of scholarship This Handbook is a unique, invaluable addition to libraries as well as to the collections of academics, students, and professionals interested in how cognitive research can contribute to the understanding, prevention, and treatment of addictions.