Cognitive Psychology And Artificial Intelligence
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Cognitive Psychology And Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Morton Wagman
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1993-02-28
Cognitive Psychology And Artificial Intelligence written by Morton Wagman and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-02-28 with Psychology categories.
The nature of cognition is examined by the methods of experimental cognitive psychology and the theoretical models of computational psychology. First explained is the nature and objectives of artificial intelligence, symbolic and connectionist paradigms, the architecture of cognition, and characteristics of a general theory of intelligence. Wagman then examines theory and research in human reasoning and reasoning systems. Experimental research in deductive and inductive reasoning, the nature of artificial intelligence reasoning systems, nonmonotonic and common-sense reasoning, and general types of reasoning in artificial intelligence are examined. Next the author examines the nature of human problem solving and problem-solving systems. Problem representation methods and their duplication by artificial intelligence is discussed at length. Concepts and research in human learning and learning systems are also reviewed, as are the nature of human expertise and expert systems. Major characteristics of expertise including deep knowledge, reasoning strategies, and pattern recognition are described and exemplified in research concerned with medical expertise. The nature of intelligence and intelligence systems is examined, and the physical symbol system hypothesis and its results are analyzed. The author covers an artificial intelligence system that emulates the cognitive processes in scientific discovery and its implications for human creativity.
Readings In Cognitive Science
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Author : Allan Collins
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-02
Readings In Cognitive Science written by Allan Collins and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-02 with Computers categories.
Readings in Cognitive Science: A Perspective from Psychology and Artificial Intelligence brings together important studies that fall in the intersection between artificial intelligence and cognitive psychology. This book is composed of six chapters, and begins with the complex anatomy and physiology of the human brain. The next chapters deal with the components of cognitive science, such as the semantic memory, similarity and analogy, and learning. These chapters also consider the application of mental models, which represent the domain-specific knowledge needed to understand a dynamic system or natural physical phenomena. The remaining chapters discuss the concept of reasoning, problem solving, planning, vision, and imagery. This book is of value to psychologists, psychiatrists, neurologists, and researchers who are interested in cognition.
The Psychology Of Expertise
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Author : Robert R. Hoffman
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-02-25
The Psychology Of Expertise written by Robert R. Hoffman and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-25 with Psychology categories.
This volume investigates our ability to capture, and then apply, expertise. In recent years, expertise has come to be regarded as an increasingly valuable and surprisingly elusive resource. Experts, who were the sole active dispensers of certain kinds of knowledge in the days before AI, have themselves become the objects of empirical inquiry, in which their knowledge is elicited and studied -- by knowledge engineers, experimental psychologists, applied psychologists, or other experts -- involved in the development of expert systems. This book achieves a marriage between experimentalists, applied scientists, and theoreticians who deal with expertise. It envisions the benefits to society of an advanced technology for capturing and disseminating the knowledge and skills of the best corporate managers, the most seasoned pilots, and the most renowned medical diagnosticians. This book should be of interest to psychologists as well as to knowledge engineers who are "out in the trenches" developing expert systems, and anyone pondering the nature of expertise and the question of how it can be elicited and studied scientifically. The book's scope and the pivotal concepts that it elucidates and appraises, as well as the extensive categorized bibliographies it includes, make this volume a landmark in the field of expert systems and AI as well as the field of applied experimental psychology.
The Sciences Of Cognition
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Author : Morton Wagman
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1995-03-30
The Sciences Of Cognition written by Morton Wagman and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-03-30 with Computers categories.
Wagman presents a general, unified theory of artificial and human intelligence under which the nature of human reasoning, problem solving, analogical thinking, and scientific discovery is examined from theoretical, research and computational perspectives. The work analyzes foundational issues regarding the nature of intelligent systems and intelligence, and significant and current research in the area is discussed. This book will be of interest to scholars dealing with psychology, artificial intelligence and cognitive science.
Human And Machine Problem Solving
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Author : K.J. Gilhooly
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Human And Machine Problem Solving written by K.J. Gilhooly and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Psychology categories.
Problem solving is a central topic for both cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence (AI). Psychology seeks to analyze naturally occur ring problem solving into hypothetical processes, while AI seeks to synthesize problem-solving performance from well-defined processes. Psychology may suggest possible processes to AI and, in turn, AI may suggest plausible hypotheses to psychology. It should be useful for both sides to have some idea of the other's contribution-hence this book, which brings together overviews of psychological and AI re search in major areas of problem solving. At a more general level, this book is intended to be a contribution toward comparative cognitive science. Cognitive science is the study of intelligent systems, whether natural or artificial, and treats both organ isms and computers as types of information-processing systems. Clearly, humans and typical current computers have rather different functional or cognitive architectures. Thus, insights into the role of cognitive ar chitecture in performance may be gained by comparing typical human problem solving with efficient machine problem solving over a range of tasks. Readers may notice that there is little mention of connectionist ap proaches in this volume. This is because, at the time of writing, such approaches have had little or no impact on research at the problem solving level. Should a similar volume be produced in ten years or so, of course, a very different story may need to be told.
Dictionary Of Cognitive Science
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Author : Olivier Houdé
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2004-03
Dictionary Of Cognitive Science written by Olivier Houdé and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-03 with Medical categories.
Presents comprehensive definitions in more than 120 subjects. Topics range from 'Abduction' to 'Writing' within the domains of psychology, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, philosophy, and linguistics.
The Nature Of Expertise
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Author : Michelene T.H. Chi
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-01-02
The Nature Of Expertise written by Michelene T.H. Chi and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-02 with Psychology categories.
Due largely to developments made in artificial intelligence and cognitive psychology during the past two decades, expertise has become an important subject for scholarly investigations. The Nature of Expertise displays the variety of domains and human activities to which the study of expertise has been applied, and reflects growing attention on learning and the acquisition of expertise. Applying approaches influenced by such disciplines as cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science, the contributors discuss those conditions that enhance and those that limit the development of high levels of cognitive skill.
Artificial Psychology
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Author : Jay Friedenberg
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2010-10-18
Artificial Psychology written by Jay Friedenberg and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-18 with Psychology categories.
Is it possible to construct an artificial person? Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have for decades been developing computer programs that emulate human intelligence. This book goes beyond intelligence and describes how close we are to recreating many of the other capacities that make us human. These abilities include learning, creativity, consciousness, and emotion. The attempt to understand and engineer these abilities constitutes the new interdisciplinary field of artificial psychology, which is characterized by contributions from philosophy, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, computer science, and robotics. This work is intended for use as a main or supplementary introductory textbook for a course in cognitive psychology, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, or the philosophy of mind. It examines human abilities as operating requirements that an artificial person must have and analyzes them from a multidisciplinary approach. The book is comprehensive in scope, covering traditional topics like perception, memory, and problem solving. However, it also describes recent advances in the study of free will, ethical behavior, affective architectures, social robots, and hybrid human-machine societies.
Artificial Intelligence In Psychology
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Author : Margaret A. Boden
language : en
Publisher: Mit Press
Release Date : 1989
Artificial Intelligence In Psychology written by Margaret A. Boden and has been published by Mit Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Psychology categories.
This collection of Margaret Boden's essays written between 1982 and 1988 focuses on the relevance of artificial intelligence to psychology.
The Cognitive Psychology Of Knowledge
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Author : G. Strube
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1993-10-01
The Cognitive Psychology Of Knowledge written by G. Strube and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-10-01 with Psychology categories.
The present book is a result of a seven-year (1986-1992) national research program in cognitive science in Germany, presumably the first large scale cognitive science program there. Anchored in psychology, and therefore christened Wissenpsychologie (psychology of knowledge), it has found interdisciplinary resonance, especially in artificial intelligence and education. The research program brought together cognitive scientists from over twenty German universities and more than thirty single projects were funded. The program was initiated by Heinz Mandl and Hans Spada, the main goals of which were to investigate the acquisition of knowledge, the access to knowledge, and the modification and application of knowledge from a psychological perspective. Emphasis was placed on formalisms of knowledge representation and on the processes involved. In many of the projects this was combined with computer simulations. A final but equally important goal was the development of experimental paradigms and methods for data analysis that are especially suited to investigate knowledge based processes. The research program has had a major impact on cognitive psychology in Germany. Research groups were established at many universities and research equipment was provided. It also inspired a considerable number of young scientists to carry out cognitive research, employ modeling techniques from artificial intelligence for psychological theorizing, and construct intelligent tutoring systems for education. Close contacts with cognitive scientists in the U.S. have helped to firmly integrate the program with international research endeavours. Each year, one or two workshops were held. The present volume is the result of the final workshop which was held in September 1992. Selected results from seventeen projects are presented in this book. The volume is enriched by three guest scholars who agreed to participate in the final workshop and to comment on the chapters of the book.