Colombia S Armed Groups Battle For The Spoils Of Peace
DOWNLOAD
Download Colombia S Armed Groups Battle For The Spoils Of Peace PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Colombia S Armed Groups Battle For The Spoils Of Peace book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Colombia S Armed Groups Battle For The Spoils Of Peace
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Colombia S Armed Groups Battle For The Spoils Of Peace written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Colombia categories.
The peace process with Colombia’s largest and longest standing guerrilla group has defied its detractors and brought 11,200 ex-combatants to the cusp of civilian life, but the aftermath of war has not been safe for all. Since the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) withdrew from their rural heartlands to gather in canton-ments in early 2017, rival armed actors have taken their place, waging a battle for spoils: control of isolated communities and territories, many rich in illicit business. In the Pacific cocaine hub of Tumaco, in hamlets of Chocó, or in contraband zones on the Venezuelan border, established armed groups and new insurgent breakaway factions have attacked state forces, intimidated communities and vied to become undisputed local overlords. Grassroots security is crucial to assure the success of the peace process with the FARC as it shifts from a UN-monitored weapons handover to deeper structural reforms of politics and society. Efforts to combat remaining armed outfits are essential, but in so doing the government must not alienate the population and exacerbate poverty in ways that would aggravate the conditions that propel these groups’ growth. Most of these armed factions now cluster in coastal and border areas. Around 1,000 FARC dissidents, who disown the peace deal for various reasons, are de facto rulers of disparate territories, several of them dependent on the drug trade. Colombia’s second main guerrilla force, the National Liberation Army (ELN), has brokered a temporary ceasefire with the government despite looking to conquer new territories, especially along the Pacific coast. The Gaitanista Self-defence Force, currently the largest neo-paramilitary group in the country, combines a vertical military hierarchy centred in the country’s north west with a web of subcontracted local gangs. It is now the country’s leading drug trafficking organisation. Thriving illicit businesses – booming coca plantations, illegal gold mines, extortion rackets and contraband – account for the survival and expansion of many of these groups. But economic interests alone do not explain their support within some communities. By resolving disputes and defending illicit livelihoods from law enforce-ment, these groups have crafted a rudimentary, authoritarian form of local political leadership. The Colombian state has responded through a nationwide “Victory Plan”, deploying 80,000 soldiers and police officers to occupy vacated FARC territory. Yet even if security forces could seize all disputed territory, coercion alone cannot establish bonds of trust between the state and local citizens; instead, they need to be persuaded that there is a better alternative to the summary justice and social discipline meted out by illegal groups. The next phase of reforms under the peace accord aims precisely at building such trust between state and citizenry. It includes a more plural democratic system, reinte-gration of ex-FARC fighters, justice for conflict victims and a coca substitution program. But its implementation faces myriad difficulties. Comprehensive reintegration plans are on hold. Voluntary coca substitution, one of the accord’s flagship programs, will require a long-term commitment from the state and far more international political and financial backing. Corruption debilitates the government’s campaign against armed groups, and must be countered by stronger and more independent agencies operating within and outside the military and police. Urgent consideration also should be given to the design of new judicial approaches that might encourage other armed groups to lay down their weapons and follow the FARC’s path to peace. The initial accord’s defeat in a 2016 plebiscite demonstrated the public’s mistrust of the peace process, raising the risk that the 2018 elections could bring a government to power that is intent on rewriting or gutting the agreement. Implementation of the accord is threatened both by an opposition that believes it pandered to FARC guerrillas, and by armed factions that regard the deal either as a fraud or an opportunity to expand. The combination of local armed activity and divisive national politics could decisively weaken public support for the accord unless the results of the peace process defy expectations once again. For that to happen, the government must aim its sights at both local insecurity and the broader weaknesses of local governance that underpin it.
Colombia S Armed Groups Battle For The Spoils Of Peace
DOWNLOAD
Author : International Crisis Group
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Colombia S Armed Groups Battle For The Spoils Of Peace written by International Crisis Group and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Colombia S Armed Groups Battle For The Spoils Of Peace
DOWNLOAD
Author : International Crisis Group
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Colombia S Armed Groups Battle For The Spoils Of Peace written by International Crisis Group and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Yearbook Of International Humanitarian Law Volume 25 2022
DOWNLOAD
Author : Heike Krieger
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-02-02
Yearbook Of International Humanitarian Law Volume 25 2022 written by Heike Krieger and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-02 with Law categories.
Volume 25 of the Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) sheds light on the interplay between IHL and other adjacent branches of international law. This Volume moves beyond the traditional preoccupation of examining IHL’s relations with international human rights law, the law on the use of force and international criminal law. Authors were invited to discuss, both in general and specific terms, doctrinally and theoretically, interactions between IHL and other neighbouring frameworks. Accordingly, this Volume is dedicated to exploring the interrelationship between IHL and other adjacent frameworks, such as international environmental law, international investment law, the law on defences to state responsibility, and counter-terrorism law. The Volume contains four articles dedicated to the subject of IHL and neighbouring frameworks. The Volume further features a Focus section on IHL controversies arising from Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, and ends, as usual, with a Year in Review section. The Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law is a leading annual publication devoted to the study of international humanitarian law. The Yearbook has always strived to be at the forefront of the debate of pressing doctrinal questions of IHL, and will continue to do so in the future. As this Volume demonstrates, it offers a space where IHL-related issues can be explored both from a doctrinal and a theoretical perspective. It provides an international forum for high-quality, peer-reviewed academic articles focusing on this crucial branch of international law. Distinguished by contemporary relevance, the Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law bridges the gap between theory and practice and serves as a useful reference tool for scholars, practitioners, military personnel, civil servants, diplomats, human rights workers, and students.
The Criminalization Of States
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jonathan D. Rosen
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2019-05-23
The Criminalization Of States written by Jonathan D. Rosen and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-23 with Political Science categories.
This volume examines the relationship between states and organized crime. It seeks to add to the theoretical literature for analyzing the criminalization of the state. The volume also explores the nature of organized crime in countries throughout the Americas from Central America to the Southern Cone.
Human Trafficking In Conflict
DOWNLOAD
Author : Julia Muraszkiewicz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-07-02
Human Trafficking In Conflict written by Julia Muraszkiewicz and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-02 with Social Science categories.
This edited book examines the different forms of human trafficking that manifest in conflict and post-conflict settings and considers how the military may help to address or even facilitate it. It explores how conflict can facilitate human trafficking, how it can manifest through a variety of case studies, followed by a discussion of the reasons why the military should include a stronger consideration of human trafficking within their strategic planning given the multiple scenarios in which military forces come into contact with victims of human trafficking, and how this ought to be done. Human Trafficking in Conflict draws on the expertise of scholars and practitioners to develop the existing conversations and to offer multiple perspectives. It includes a discussion of existing frameworks and perspectives including legal and policy, and whether they are configured to address human trafficking in conflict.
Repertoires Of Terrorism
DOWNLOAD
Author : Andreas E. Feldmann
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2024-06-25
Repertoires Of Terrorism written by Andreas E. Feldmann and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-25 with Political Science categories.
Why do armed groups employ terrorism in markedly different ways during civil wars? Drawing on more than a decade of fieldwork, Andreas E. Feldmann examines the disparate behavior of actors including guerrilla groups, state security forces, and paramilitaries during Colombia’s long and bloody civil war. Analyzing the varieties of violence in this conflict, he develops a new theory of the dynamics of terrorism in civil wars. Feldmann argues that armed groups’ distinct uses—repertoires—of terrorism arise from their particular organizational identities, the central and enduring attributes that distinguish one faction from other warring parties. He investigates a range of groups that took part in the Colombian conflict over the course of its evolution from ideological to criminal warfare, demonstrating that organizational identity plays a critical role in producing and rationalizing violence. Armed parties employ their unique repertoires as a means of communication to assert their relevance and territorial presence and to differentiate themselves from enemies and rivals. Repertoires of Terrorism is based on an extensive data set covering thousands of incidents, as well as interviews, archival research, and testimony. It sheds new light on both armed groups’ use of violence in Colombia’s civil war and the factors that shape terrorist activity in other conflicts.
How Insurgency Begins
DOWNLOAD
Author : Janet I. Lewis
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2020-09-03
How Insurgency Begins written by Janet I. Lewis and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-03 with History categories.
Why do only some incipient rebel groups become viable challengers to governments? Only those that control local rumor networks survive.
Law In Peace Negotiations
DOWNLOAD
Author : Morten Bergsmo
language : en
Publisher: Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher
Release Date : 2010-07-23
Law In Peace Negotiations written by Morten Bergsmo and has been published by Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-23 with Law categories.
The Cambridge History Of Terrorism
DOWNLOAD
Author : Richard English
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-05-20
The Cambridge History Of Terrorism written by Richard English and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-20 with History categories.
An accessible, authoritative history of terrorism, offering systematic analyses of key themes, problems and case studies from terrorism's long past.