Common Pools Of Genetic Resources
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Common Pools Of Genetic Resources
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Author : Evanson Chege Kamau
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-07-18
Common Pools Of Genetic Resources written by Evanson Chege Kamau and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-18 with Business & Economics categories.
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) strives for the sustainable and equitable utilization of genetic resources, with the ultimate goal of conserving biodiversity. The CBD and the Nagoya Protocol which has since been elaborated suggest a bilateral model for access to genetic resources and the sharing of benefits from their utilization. There is concern that the bilateral exchange "genetic resource for benefit sharing" could have disappointing results because providers are left out of the process of research and development, benefits are difficult to be traced to sources, and providers owning the same resource may complain of being excluded from benefit sharing. Thus, the CBD objective of full utilization and equitability may become flawed. Common Pools of Genetic Resources: Equity and Innovation in International Biodiversity Law suggests common pools as a complementary approach to bilateralism. This is one of the first books to reply to a number of complex legal questions related to the interpretation and implementation of the Nagoya Protocol. Taking an inductive approach, it describes existing pools and analyzes how they are organized and how they perform in terms of joint R&D and benefit sharing. It presents case studies of the most characteristic types of common pools, provides suggestions for further developing existing pools to cope with the requirements of the CBD and NP and, at the same time uses the clauses these conventions contain to open up for commons approaches. Written by a team of expert academics and practitioners in the field, this innovative book makes a timely and valuable contribution to academic and policy debates in international environmental law, international biodiversity law, intellectual property law, climate law and the law of indigenous populations.
Core Collections Of Plant Genetic Resources
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Author : Th. J. L. van Hintum
language : en
Publisher: Bioversity International
Release Date : 2000
Core Collections Of Plant Genetic Resources written by Th. J. L. van Hintum and has been published by Bioversity International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Biodiversity conservation categories.
Marine Genetic Resources R D And The Law 1
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Author : Bleuenn Guilloux
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-06-21
Marine Genetic Resources R D And The Law 1 written by Bleuenn Guilloux and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-21 with Nature categories.
Advances in research and development reveal the immense diversity and potential of marine genetic resources. Under international law, no specific regime applies to these complex and paradoxical objects of use. The Law of the Sea Convention sets a framework that is partly inadequate for this new category of resources. The Biodiversity Convention and the Nagoya Protocol only address the genetic resources of national areas. Patents allow their holder to exercise a monopoly on exploiting biotechnological creations to extensive claims, questioning the common nature of biodiversity and related knowledge. They hinder research and the objectives of biodiversity law. The legal and practical rules of physical and functional access vary in geometry. They focus on the valorization of research results, crystallizing conflicts of interest between suppliers and users. Sustainable research and development is essential to the knowledge and protection of marine biodiversity. The qualification of marine genetic resources in common, standard contractual tools, distributed research and development infrastructures, negotiation of an agreement on sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, would To remove these inconsistencies.
Governing Digitally Integrated Genetic Resources Data And Literature
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Author : Jerome H. Reichman
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016-05-19
Governing Digitally Integrated Genetic Resources Data And Literature written by Jerome H. Reichman and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-19 with Law categories.
This book examines the current legal status of the international genetic information commons and proposes alternative management strategies.
Genes Crops And The Environment
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Author : John H. W. Holden
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1993-06-03
Genes Crops And The Environment written by John H. W. Holden and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-06-03 with Science categories.
The productivity of agricultural systems is the result of human alteration of originally wild organisms over millennia. The availability of germplasm, particularly from wild relatives of crop plants, is vitally important in the development of new and improved crops for both agriculture and horticulture. The handling of these genetic resources for both immediate and future human benefits has resulted in the decades of interdisciplinary scientific research described in this book. The applications of this work and the associated operational programmes in all parts of the world are discussed in the light of their impact on the conservation of biodiversity, ecosystem rehabilitation and the future health of our planet.
Genetic And Genomic Resources Of Grain Legume Improvement
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Author : Lucia Lioi
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-07-18
Genetic And Genomic Resources Of Grain Legume Improvement written by Lucia Lioi and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-18 with Science categories.
In this chapter, we lead the reader through several topics related to common bean germplasm, including crop dissemination across the Old World, landraces developed by farmers, characterization and safeguard of germplasm. These topics are attracting a great deal of attention, especially in recent years, when the international community has become increasingly aware of the relevance of safeguarding plant genetic resources. Early studies were mainly aimed at performing exploratory analyses of agro-morphological traits, with the goal of improving yield and pest resistance. Moreover, phaseolin variation was studied to check the distribution of the two common bean gene pools. The recent development of DNA-based markers has allowed significant improvement in knowledge on genetic variation within the European germplasm, as well as the capacity to trace its divergence from the American germplasm. The different strategies applied to safeguard the European germplasm are described together with their drawbacks.
Genetic Resources Of Phaseolus Beans
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Author : Paul Gepts
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Genetic Resources Of Phaseolus Beans written by Paul Gepts and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The period following the second world war has witnessed an expanding commitment to incr~ased food production in tropical countries. Public and private initiatives at the national and international levels have led to the creation of programs geared specifically towards the improvement of food crops in tropical conditions. Examples of this increased commitment are the network of international agricultural research centers and numerous bilateral aid projects. As a consequence, crop improvement has become a truly worldwide endeavor, relying on an international network of institutions and collaborators. This holds also for Phaseolus beans. Following the discovery of the Americas, Phaseolus beans became distributed on all six continents. Yet, until not so long ago, most of the research on Phaseolus improvement took place in developed countries. In recognition of the nutritional importance of Phaseolus beans in developing countries, this has changed considerably in the last years, principally perhaps through the activities of the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) and the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR). Consequently, the scope of the research on Phaseolus has broadened considerably and the number of Phaseolus researchers is larger than ever before.
Seeds And Sovereignty
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Author : Jack R. Kloppenburg Jr.
language : en
Publisher: Duke University Press
Release Date : 2013-07-21
Seeds And Sovereignty written by Jack R. Kloppenburg Jr. and has been published by Duke University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Seeds for economically important crops are big business indeed. As large seed companies continue to improve their product in various ways, they make use of the original gene pools of these plants, often located in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. With increasing recognition that plant germplasm is an important raw material, highly charged international disputes have developed over the exchange and use of this material, adding another point of contention between poor nations and the manufacturing wealthier ones. Twenty experts from several nations, representing both the natural and social sciences, consider the historical background, the issue of patent rights as applied to plant germplasm, the nature of global genetic interdependence, the internationalization of the seed industry, the implications of biotechnology on genetic resources, the Third World attitude toward the debate, and the viewpoints of the International Agricultural Research Centers.
Crop Genetic Resources As A Global Commons
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Author : Michael Halewood
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013
Crop Genetic Resources As A Global Commons written by Michael Halewood and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Law categories.
Our food and livelihood security depend on the sustained management of the diverse biological resources that make up the Earth's plant genetic resources. This book is about the creation, management and use of the global crop commons, based upon the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.
Indigenous Intellectual Property
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Author : Matthew Rimmer
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2015-12-18
Indigenous Intellectual Property written by Matthew Rimmer and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-18 with LAW categories.
Taking an interdisciplinary approach unmatched by any other book on this topic, this thoughtful Handbook considers the international struggle to provide for proper and just protection of Indigenous intellectual property (IP). In light of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 2007, expert contributors assess the legal and policy controversies over Indigenous knowledge in the fields of international law, copyright law, trademark law, patent law, trade secrets law, and cultural heritage. The overarching discussion examines national developments in Indigenous IP in the United States, Canada, South Africa, the European Union, Australia, New Zealand, and Indonesia. The Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the historical origins of conflict over Indigenous knowledge, and examines new challenges to Indigenous IP from emerging developments in information technology, biotechnology, and climate change. Practitioners and scholars in the field of IP will learn a great deal from this Handbook about the issues and challenges that surround just protection of a variety of forms of IP for Indigenous communities.