Comparison Of Hfc 134a And The Ternary Blend Suva Mp39 As Replacements For The Refrigerant Cfc 12
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Comparison Of Hfc 134a And The Ternary Blend Suva Mp39 As Replacements For The Refrigerant Cfc 12
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Author : Lyn E. Fletcher
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Comparison Of Hfc 134a And The Ternary Blend Suva Mp39 As Replacements For The Refrigerant Cfc 12 written by Lyn E. Fletcher and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Fluorocarbons categories.
The refrigerant gas CFC-12 has been widely used in Royal Australian Navy (RAN) equipment. With the Montreal protocol phase-out of this and other ozone depleting substances, alternative refrigerant gases must be identified. These replacements would ideally have the same efficiency as CFC-12, cause no health and safety risks and allow changeover to proceed with minimal costs. This paper reviews the attributes of two refrigerant gases, HFC-134a and Suva MP39, which are being considered by the RAN.
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Aeronautics categories.
Australian National Bibliography
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Australian National Bibliography written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Australia categories.
Government Reports Annual Index
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 199?
Government Reports Annual Index written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 199? with categories.
Government Reports Announcements Index
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Government Reports Announcements Index written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Science categories.
Performance Comparison Of Hfc 134a And Cfc 12 In An Automotive Air Conditioning System
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Author : David J. Bateman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Performance Comparison Of Hfc 134a And Cfc 12 In An Automotive Air Conditioning System written by David J. Bateman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Automobiles categories.
Avoiding A Double Phase Out
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Incumbent
Release Date : 1999
Avoiding A Double Phase Out written by and has been published by Incumbent this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Performance Comparison Of Hfc 134a And Cfc 12 In A Heavy Truck Air Conditioning System
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Author : Rod A. Struss
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Performance Comparison Of Hfc 134a And Cfc 12 In A Heavy Truck Air Conditioning System written by Rod A. Struss and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Trucks categories.
Low Gwp Non Flammable Alternative Refrigerant Blends For Hfc 134a
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Author : Piotr A. Domanski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Low Gwp Non Flammable Alternative Refrigerant Blends For Hfc 134a written by Piotr A. Domanski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with Air conditioning categories.
This project addresses the objectives of the Statement of Need number WPSON-17-20 No/Low Global Warming Potential Alternatives to Ozone Depleting Refrigerants. Its goal was to identify low global-warming-potential (GWP), non-flammable refrigerants to replace HFC-134a (GWP=1300) in military environmental control units (ECUs) and to demonstrate their performance. This work is a follow-on to the limited-scope project WP-2740, which used thermodynamic cycle simulation models alone to screen over 100 000 refrigerant blends and identified over 20 candidate HFC-134a replacements. In the present study we narrowed the pool of blend candidates down to three best blends, demonstrated their performance through drop-in tests in a military ECU in environmental chambers over a wide range of operating conditions, and extrapolated the laboratory-measured performance to that of ECUs equipped with modified compressor for each blend to provide the same system capacity while maintaining the isentropic efficiency of the original HFC-134a compressor. The project involved preliminary experimental and analytical tasks in support of the final project task. These included measurements of thermodynamic and transport properties of the novel fluids considered and an update of simulation methods for these properties, fundamental tests exploring the flammability characteristics including calculation methods, fundamental measurements and modeling of forced-convection heat transfer performance, and measurements of cycle performance of candidate blends in a laboratory mini-breadboard heat pump apparatus as the final qualification step of the best blends for full-scale testing in the ECU. The project s conclusion is that R-513A (GWP=573) and a blend we call Tern-1 [R-134a/1234yf/1234ze(E) (49.2/33.9/16.9*), GWP=640] are good replacement blends for HFC-134a offering a similar performance at GWP reduction of 66 % and 51 %, respectively. These fluids do not present any significant application difficulties. If greater reduction in GWP is desirable, R-515B (GWP=344) and CO2 (GWP=1) can be considered but they require further challenging research and developmental work. In the above blend selection, we adopted the ASTM E681 test method as stipulated by ASHRAE Standard 34 for qualifying non-flammability of refrigerants. If military requirements for non-flammability are more stringent than the E681 standard, a smaller reduction of GWP will be possible with qualifying blends.
Refrigeration Systems And Applications
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Author : Ibrahim Din¿er
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2017-03-23
Refrigeration Systems And Applications written by Ibrahim Din¿er and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The definitive text/reference for students, researchers and practicing engineers This book provides comprehensive coverage on refrigeration systems and applications, ranging from the fundamental principles of thermodynamics to food cooling applications for a wide range of sectoral utilizations. Energy and exergy analyses as well as performance assessments through energy and exergy efficiencies and energetic and exergetic coefficients of performance are explored, and numerous analysis techniques, models, correlations and procedures are introduced with examples and case studies. There are specific sections allocated to environmental impact assessment and sustainable development studies. Also featured are discussions of important recent developments in the field, including those stemming from the author’s pioneering research. Refrigeration is a uniquely positioned multi-disciplinary field encompassing mechanical, chemical, industrial and food engineering, as well as chemistry. Its wide-ranging applications mean that the industry plays a key role in national and international economies. And it continues to be an area of active research, much of it focusing on making the technology as environmentally friendly and sustainable as possible without compromising cost efficiency and effectiveness. This substantially updated and revised edition of the classic text/reference now features two new chapters devoted to renewable-energy-based integrated refrigeration systems and environmental impact/sustainability assessment. All examples and chapter-end problems have been updated as have conversion factors and the thermophysical properties of an array of materials. Provides a solid foundation in the fundamental principles and the practical applications of refrigeration technologies Examines fundamental aspects of thermodynamics, refrigerants, as well as energy and exergy analyses and energy and exergy based performance assessment criteria and approaches Introduces environmental impact assessment methods and sustainability evaluation of refrigeration systems and applications Covers basic and advanced (and hence integrated) refrigeration cycles and systems, as well as a range of novel applications Discusses crucial industrial, technical and operational problems, as well as new performance improvement techniques and tools for better design and analysis Features clear explanations, numerous chapter-end problems and worked-out examples Refrigeration Systems and Applications, Third Edition is an indispensable working resource for researchers and practitioners in the areas of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. It is also an ideal textbook for graduate and senior undergraduate students in mechanical, chemical, biochemical, industrial and food engineering disciplines.